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Description
ʻAlekohola a ʻuhane paha (mai ka lat. uhane - ʻuhane) - he hui kūmole me kahi papa like ʻole a ākea hoʻi. ʻO ka mea makemake nui ʻia a hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻelima, methyl a phenylethy ʻalekohola. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano ʻona like ʻole e loaʻa wale i ka hale hana akā akā i ke kūlohelohe.
Aia i loko o nā lau o nā mea kanu (eg, methyl), nā mea kanu mea kanu maoli (ethanol) i loko o nā ʻaila mea kanu pono. ʻO kekahi mau huaora no ka papa waiʻona: A, B8, a me D. ʻO ka waiʻona i nā kūlana kino maʻamau he waihoʻoluʻu akaka, ʻoi aku ka ʻala, a me ka ʻono. He mea hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ia no nā mea momona a momona. ʻOkoʻa ka ikaika o ka waiʻona mai ka 95,57 a hiki i ka 100.
ʻO nā mea inu i piha i ka waiʻona i ʻike ʻia i ke kanaka mai ka wā kahiko. Aia kekahi hōʻike mōʻaukala i ʻoi aku ma mua o 8 tausani mau makahiki BC, ua hoʻohana ka poʻe i nā inu hua hu i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻomaopopo i ko lākou hopena i ke kino. ʻO ka waiwai mua i ka pākēneka kiʻekiʻe o ka inu waiʻona i hana ʻia e nā chemist Arab 6-7 mau kenekulia AD. I ʻEulopa, ua hana ka poʻe i ka ethanol mua ma Italia i nā kenekulia 11th-12th. Ma ka panalāʻau o Lūkia Lūkini, ʻo ka inu lama mua ka lama, i lawe ʻia mai i ka makahiki 1386 e nā ʻelele a Genoese. Eia nō naʻe, ua loaʻa he 100% ka waiʻona i loko o Rūsia e nā hoʻokolohua kemika ma 1796 wale nō e ka mea kālaikia ʻo Ie Lovecam.
ʻOihana hana ʻona
Aia he ʻelua mau hana hana nui o ka hana ʻana i ka waiola ethyl, synthetic a me ka fermentation kūlohelohe. ʻO ka mea makemake nui ʻia ka hana ʻelua. E like me nā mea maka, hoʻohana nā mea hana i nā huaʻai, cereal, uala, laiki, kānana, starch, kō kō-a maka. Hoʻomaka ka hopena o ka hoʻokumu waiʻona i ka hū, nā enzyme, a me nā bacteria. Loaʻa i ke kaʻina hana nā pae he nui:
- koho, holoi, a me ka haki ʻana i nā mea maka;
- ka haki ʻana o nā mea starchy e ka fermentation i nā sugars maʻalahi;
- hū hū;
- ka distillation ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ke kolamu;
- ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai-wai ʻona i loaʻa mai nā haumia a me nā hapa nui.
Ma ka home, hiki ʻole ke loaʻa ka waiʻona kūpono kūpono e loaʻa.
Hoʻohana ākea ka waiʻona i nā ʻoihana like ʻole. He mea kaulana ia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, perfumery a me nā cosmetic ʻoihana, nā meaʻai, nā mea puhi waila, a me nā hana kemika.
Pōmaikaʻi waiʻona
He nui ka nui o nā waiwai kūpono a me nā noi i ka waiʻona. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hopena antiseptic a me deodorant, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka disinfection o nā mea olakino, ʻili, a me nā lima o nā limahana olakino ma mua o ka hana. Eia kekahi, hoʻohui nā mea hana ʻona ma ke ʻano he defoaming agents i ka hāmeʻa o ka ea ʻoluʻolu a makemake ʻia e like me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau, nā tincture, a me nā extract I ka ʻoihana ʻona, hoʻohana nā mea hana i ka waiʻona e hoʻopaʻa i nā mea inu ʻona a me nā meaʻai ma ke ʻano he preservative a hoʻoheheʻe i nā kala a me nā ʻono kūlohelohe.
I ka lāʻau lāhui, hoʻohana lākou i ka ʻānai ʻana i ka waiʻona i kahi mahana wela, hoʻomehana hoʻomehana, a me ka hana ʻana i nā tincture lāʻau. ʻO Ie, ʻo ka wai ʻona i loko o kona ʻano maʻemaʻe kahi mea inu inu ʻole i hoʻonani ʻia e ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā hua.
E mālama i nā hanu, nā anu anu, ka maʻi palū, a me ka bronchitis, pono ia e hoʻohana i ka tincture ma ka eucalyptus, calendula, a me Kalanchoe. Lawe nā mea hana āpau i ka nui o 100 g. E hānai pono a ninini i loko o ka hue o ka hue lita me ka waiʻona. E haʻalele no ʻekolu mau lā ma kahi pouli. Mākaukau infusion hui pū me ka wai mehana i ka mahele 1:10 a gargle ma lalo o 3 mau manawa i ka lā.
Ina maʻi
I ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe, nā maʻi puʻuwai, a me nā kīʻaha koko, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi tincture o nā pua rose (300 g), nā beet ʻulaʻula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (200 g), wai wai cranberry (100 g), wai wai o hoʻokahi lemon, wai meli wai (250 g ) a me ka ethanol (250 ml.). Hoʻohui pono nā mea āpau a waiho e hoʻoulu no 4-5 mau lā. Lawe ka mākaukau mākaukau i 1 punetēpō 3 mau manawa i ka lā.
I ka hoʻohaiki ʻana i nā veins mānoanoa - e hana i ka ʻānai ʻana a me nā compresses o ka tincture o ka chestnut lio. No ka hoʻomākaukau, pono ʻoe e haki i nā chestnuts medium 6-10 a uhi iā lākou me ka waiʻona (500 g). Hoʻokomo i ka hui i loko o 14 mau lā i kahi wahi pouli. Pili ka lāʻau i pau me ka neʻe ʻana i nā neʻe 3 mau manawa i ka lā ma nā wāwae me nā veins i haʻi ʻia a me ke komo ʻana i 30 mau kulu 3 manawa i ka lā. ʻO ka papa o ka mālama ʻana ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina.
ʻO kahi lapaʻau maikaʻi kahi tincture o nā hua o barberry. ʻO nā hua hou a maloʻo paha (2 tbsp) ninini me ka waiʻona (100 g.) A hoʻokomo iā ia no 14 mau lā. Lawe ka infusion mākaukau i ka nui o 20 a 30 mau kulu i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i 50 ml o ka wai 3 manawa i ka lā. Hoʻomaka ka hopena o ka lapaʻau ma hope o 15 mau lā o ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana.
ʻO nā pōʻino o ka waiʻona a me nā contraindications
ʻO ka wai ʻona i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana (ethanol, methanol, isopropanol), hiki ke alakaʻi i ka inhalation lōʻihi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lethargy, kahi hopena narcotic, a make paha. Pili ka likelika i kahi hopena kikoʻī i ka inhalation o nā mahu, mai 8 a 21 mau hola.
ʻO ka waiʻona Methyl no ka ʻai ʻana i loko ka hopena ʻona ikaika loa, kahi e hoʻopilikia loa ai i ka hopohopo (twitching, convulsions, seizures), ʻōnaehana cardiovascular (tachycardia). Hoʻopili ia i ka retina a me ke aʻalolo optic, ke kumu o ka makapō loa. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana ma mua o 30 g o kēia ʻona ke make.
ʻOi aku ka weliweli o ka Ethanol akā he nui nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kino. ʻO ka mea mua, ma o nā membrane mucous o ka ʻōpū a me ke kō e komo wikiwiki i loko o ke koko, hiki i ke kūpina ke kiʻekiʻe o 20-60 mau minuke ma hope o kaʻai ʻana. ʻO ka lua, he hopena ʻelua i ka ʻōnaehana nūnū: ʻo ka mea mua, e hoʻokomo ana i ka pīhoihoi ikaika a me ke kaumaha kaumaha. Pēlā i kahi helu nui e make a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i nā hunaola o ka cerebral cortex. ʻO ke kolu, ka hana hoʻopilikia o nā ʻōnaehana o loko a me nā ʻōnaehana: ke ake, nā puʻupaʻa, ka hake, pākē, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
