Ke manaʻo nei ka mākeke no nā bioplastics e ulu i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, a he nui ka poʻe i manaʻoʻiʻo e hāʻawi nā plastics kumulāʻau ʻē aʻe i ka hopena hope loa i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā plastics i loaʻa i ka aila.
ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia nā ʻōmole recycled a mea kanu paha ʻAʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o kahi analogue o nā hue plastik maʻamau i hana ʻia me ka polyethylene terephthalate, kahi i pani ʻia ai he kanakolu pākēneka o ka ethanol e ka nui like o ka ethanol i loaʻa i ka mea kanu. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki ke hana hou ʻia kēlā ʻōmole, ʻoiai ua hana ʻia mai nā mea kanu; akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia he biodegradable.
Aia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka plastic biodegradable - I kēia lā, hana ʻia ka plastic maʻamau mai ka polyoxypropionic (polylactic) acid. ʻO ka polylactic acid i loaʻa mai i ka biomass kulina e decompose maoli ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, e lilo i wai a me carbon dioxide. Eia nō naʻe, pono ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me nā wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻoheheʻe i ka plastic PLA, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ke aniani a i ʻole ka ʻeke o ka polylactic acid plastic e hoʻoheheʻe wale i ka XNUMX% i nā kūlana compost ʻoihana, ʻaʻole i loko o kāu puʻu compost maʻamau i kāu māla. ʻAʻole ia e popopo loa, kanu ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōpala, kahi e waiho ai no nā haneli a mau tausani makahiki, e like me nā ʻāpana ʻōpala ʻē aʻe. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kau nā mea kūʻai aku i kēia ʻike ma kā lākou ʻeke, a kuhi hewa nā mea kūʻai aku iā lākou no nā huahana pili kaiapuni.
Inā lawe ʻia ka biodegradability mai ke kūkākūkā ʻana, hiki i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā bioplastics ke lilo i mea pōmaikaʻi nui. - no nā kumu he nui. ʻO ka mea mua ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā kumuwaiwai e pono ai no kāna hana ʻana he mea hou. ʻO nā mea kanu o ke kulina, ke kō, nā algae, a me nā meaʻai bioplastic ʻē aʻe he palena ʻole e like me nā hiki ke mahiʻai iā lākou, a hiki i ka ʻoihana plastics ke wehe iā ia iho i nā hydrocarbons fossil. ʻO ka ulu ʻana i nā mea waiwai ʻaʻole ia e alakaʻi i ka ʻike ʻole o ka ikehu inā hoʻokō ʻia ma ke ʻano hoʻomau kaiapuni, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu mai nā mea maka ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ulu ʻana i kekahi mau mea kanu. Inā lōʻihi ka hopena bioplastic a hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia, a laila pono ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa.
He kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi nā "ʻōmole huaʻai" a Coca-Cola i ka hana ʻana o nā bioplastics i loko o ka ʻoihana kūpono. No ka mea, he polyoxypropion ʻenehana kēia mau ʻōmole, hiki ke hana hou ʻia i nā manawa a pau, e ʻae i ka mālama ʻana i nā polymers paʻakikī ma mua o ka hoʻolei ʻia ʻana i loko o kahi pae ʻāina kahi e pono ʻole ai lākou a e popopo mau loa. Ke manaʻo nei he hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻōnaehana hana hou ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā plastik puʻupaʻa me nā bioplastics paʻa, hiki ke hoʻemi nui ʻia ka pono holoʻokoʻa no nā polymers puʻupaʻa.
Hoʻokumu ʻo Bioplastics i nā pilikia hou e pono ai mākou e noʻonoʻo i ko mākou neʻe ʻana i mua. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻololi piha i nā plastic i loaʻa i ka aila me nā bioplastics kumulāʻau e pono ai he ʻumi miliona mau ʻeka o ka ʻāina mahiʻai. A hiki i ka wā e noho ai mākou i kahi honua noho ʻē aʻe me ka ʻāina hikiwawe, a i ʻole e hōʻemi (nui) i kā mākou ʻai ʻana i ka plastic, e koi ʻia kēlā hana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka wahi o ka ʻāina mahiʻai i mahi ʻia no ke kumu o ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka pono o ka nui o nā wahi he kumu ia no ka hoʻopau hou ʻana i ka ululāʻau a i ʻole ka ʻāpana o ka ululāʻau, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma kahi ʻāpana o nā ululāʻau hoʻomehana e like me ʻAmelika Hema e pilikia nei.
ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole pili nā pilikia āpau i luna, a laila ʻAʻole naʻe i loaʻa iā mākou kahi ʻōnaehana kūpono no ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka nui o nā bioplastics. No ka laʻana, inā pau ka ʻōmole polyoxypropion a i ʻole ka ipu i loko o ka pahu ʻōpala o ka mea kūʻai aku, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohaumia i ke kahawai hana hou a hoʻolilo i ka plastic i poino i mea ʻole. Eia hou, he mea noʻonoʻo nā bioplastics hiki ke hana hou i kēia mau lā-ʻaʻohe o mākou ʻōnaehana hoʻolaʻa bioplastic nui i kēia manawa.
Hiki i ka Bioplastic ke lilo i mea hoʻololi maoli no nā plastics i loaʻa i ka aila, aka, ke hana pono kakou. ʻOiai inā hiki iā mākou ke kaupalena i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ululāʻau a me ka ʻāpana, e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hana hou, ʻo ke ala wale nō e hiki ai i ka bioplastic ke lilo i mea hoʻomau maoli (a lōʻihi hoʻi) i nā plastik i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka aila. inā e emi loa ka pae o ka ʻai. No ka plastic biodegradable, ʻaʻole ia ka hopena hope loa, ʻoiai nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe mai kekahi mau ʻoihana, ʻaʻole pili i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o kēia mea i loko o ka puʻu compost. Ma kahi ʻāpana palena wale nō o ka mākeke, e ʻōlelo, ma nā ʻāina e ulu nei me ka nui o nā pae ʻāina kūlohelohe, kūpono ka plastic biodegradable (a laila i ka wā pōkole).
ʻO ka māhele o ka "biodegradability" kahi mea nui o kēia kūkākūkā holoʻokoʻa.
No ka poʻe kūʻai pono, ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano maoli o ka "biodegradability" he mea koʻikoʻi, no ka mea, hiki iā lākou ke kūʻai i nā huahana pili i ke kaiapuni a hoʻoholo pono i ka mea e hana ai me ka ʻōpala. ʻAʻole pono e ʻōlelo, ua hoʻololi nā mea hana, nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea hoʻolaha i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo.
paena biodegradability ʻaʻole ʻo ia ke kumu o ka mea i haku ʻia. I kēia lā, ua hoʻomalu ʻia ka mākeke e nā plastics lōʻihi i loaʻa i ka petroleum, i ʻike pinepine ʻia e nā helu polymer mai 1 a 7. ʻO ka mea maʻamau (no ka mea he mau ikaika a me nā nāwaliwali o kēlā me kēia plastic), ua synthesized kēia mau plastics no ko lākou versatility a me ka ikaika, a no ka mea. He kūʻē koʻikoʻi lākou i nā kūlana o ka lewa: koi ʻia kēia mau ʻano i nā huahana a me nā ʻeke. Hoʻohana like ia i ka nui o nā polymers i loaʻa i nā mea kanu a mākou e hoʻohana nei i kēia lā.
ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i makemake nui ʻia e pili ana i kahi plastic i hoʻomaʻemaʻe loa ʻia, me nā kaulahao polymer lōʻihi a paʻakikī, i kūpaʻa loa i ka hōʻino kūlohelohe (e like me nā microorganisms). No ka mea, pela ʻO ka hapa nui o ka plastic ma ka mākeke i kēia lā ʻaʻole hiki ke biodegradable, ʻo kēlā mau ʻano plastic i loaʻa mai ka biomass hou.
Akā, pehea e pili ana i nā ʻano plastic i haʻi ʻia e nā mea hana biodegradable? ʻO kēia kahi e komo ai ka hapa nui o nā kuhi hewa, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hele mai nā koi o ka biodegradability me nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi pololei i ka hana pono ʻana i kēlā plastik biodegradable, ʻaʻole hoʻi e wehewehe i ka maʻalahi o ka biodegradable.
No ka laʻana, ʻo ka polylactic (polylactic) acid ka mea maʻamau i kapa ʻia he bioplastic "biodegradable". Loaʻa ka PLA mai ke kulina, no laila hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia he decomposes e like me ka maʻalahi o nā kumu kulina ke waiho ʻia ma ke kula. ʻIke loa, ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia - ʻike wale ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela a me ka haʻahaʻa (e like me nā kūlana composting ʻoihana), e decompose koke ia no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole hiki kēia i loko o kahi puʻu compost maʻamau.
Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā bioplastics me ka biodegradability ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana mai o ka biomass hou. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke biodegradable ka hapa nui o ka plastik "'ōmaʻomaʻo" ma ka mākeke. No ka hapa nui, koi lākou i ka hana ʻana i nā wahi ʻoihana kahi e hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia ai ka mahana, ka haʻahaʻa, a me ka ʻike ʻana i ke kukui ultraviolet. ʻOiai ma lalo o kēia mau kūlana, hiki i kekahi ʻano o ka plastic biodegradable ke lawe i hoʻokahi makahiki e hana hou ʻia.
No ka maopopo, no ka hapa nui, ʻaʻole biodegradable nā ʻano plastic i loaʻa i kēia manawa ma ka mākeke. No ke koho ʻana i kēia inoa, pono e hoʻoheheʻe maoli ka huahana ma o ka hana a nā micro-organisms. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kekahi mau polymers petroleum me nā mea hoʻohui biodegradable a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe e wikiwiki i ke kaʻina hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa, akā hōʻike lākou i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka mākeke honua. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka plastic i loaʻa mai ka hydrocarbon ma ke ʻano, a ʻaʻohe micro-organism i manaʻo mua ʻia e kōkua i kāna hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa (me ke kōkua ʻole o nā mea hoʻohui).
ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole pilikia ka biodegradability o nā bioplastics, ʻaʻole hiki i kā mākou hana hou ʻana, composting a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻōpala i kēia manawa ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama i ka nui o ka plastic biodegradable. Ma ka hoʻonui ʻole (koʻikoʻi) i ko mākou hiki ke hana hou i nā polymers biodegradable a me nā mea biodegradable/compostable, e hana mākou i nā ʻōpala hou aʻe no kā mākou pae ʻāina a me nā mea puhi ahi.
Ke hoʻokō ʻia nā mea a pau i luna, a laila wale nō e ʻike ai ka plastic biodegradable - i nā kūlana liʻiliʻi a pōkole. He mea maʻalahi ke kumu: no ke aha e hoʻopau ai i ka ikehu a me nā kumuwaiwai e hana ana i nā polymers plastic biodegradable i hoʻomaʻemaʻe loa ʻia, e kaumaha wale iā lākou ma hope - ma o ka compost a i ʻole ka biodegradation kūlohelohe? Ma ke ʻano he hoʻolālā pōkole e hōʻemi i ka ʻōpala i nā mākeke e like me Hindustan, he manaʻo ia. ʻAʻole kūpono ia ma ke ʻano he hoʻolālā no ka wā lōʻihi e lanakila ai i ka hilinaʻi ʻino o ka honua i nā plastic i loaʻa i ka aila.
Mai ka mea i luna aʻe, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ʻo ka plastic biodegradable, ka mea "eco-packaging", ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻomau paʻa loa, ʻoiai ua hoʻolaha pinepine ʻia e like me ia. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hana ʻana o nā huahana paʻi mai ka plastic biodegradable e pili pū ana me ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ke kaiapuni.