Kalikia (Ca)

Keʻano pōkole

ʻO ka calcium ka 5th o ka nui o nā mineral i loko o ke kino, ʻoi aku ma mua o 99% o ia mau mea i loko o ka iwi e like me ka mole mole calcium phosphate. Hāʻawi kēia mineral i ka ikaika o ka iwi, ka neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe, a pāʻani i ke ʻano i nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka kalipuna nā iwi olakino, nā kīʻaha koko, ka ʻōpala hormonal, ka omo ʻana i nā mea kumumea a me ka lawe ʻana o nā neʻe nerve. Hoʻoponopono ʻia kona ʻōnaehana e ʻekolu mau ʻōnaehana halihali nui: ka lawe ʻana o ka ʻōpū, ka reabsorption ākea a me ka metabolism iwi[1].

Ka moʻolelo o kaʻike

I ke kenekulia 16, ua hoʻoholo nā kauka Hōlani he iwi nui ka iwi iwi i hoʻoikaika ʻia e nā homone a hiki ke hoʻololi hou i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kekahi mea nui i loaʻa i ka mōʻaukala i hana ʻia ma kahi o 100 mau makahiki i hala aku nei i ka wā i ʻike ai ʻo Sidney Ringer ua hoʻonāukiuki ʻia a me ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai puʻuwai e ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka calcium i ka wai perfusion. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hōʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka hana o ka calcium i kahi hopena hoʻonāukiuki i nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe o ke kino.[3].

ʻO nā meaʻai momona momona

Hōʻike kokoke i ka loaʻa o mg i 100 g huahana[3]:

Pono i kēlā me kēia lā

ʻAʻohe kuhi pololei o ka lōʻihi o ka calcium e ʻai ai i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma waho o kekahi mau hoʻokoe, e like me ka hoʻokē ʻai nui a hyperparathyroidism paha, ke kū nei ka pae ʻana o ka calcium i loko o ke koko me ka lawa ʻole o ka maʻi, ʻoiai hoʻohana ke kino i ka calcium mai nā iwi e mālama i ke olakino. No laila, hoʻokumu ʻia ke koi ʻana o ka calcium i kēlā me kēia lā i ka helu ʻana e pili ana i kahi heluna olakino me ka ʻole o nā maʻi maʻi mau. Hoʻohui ʻia, hōʻike kēia nui i ka lawa ʻana o nā kolamu calcium no kekahi poʻe.

I ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia ka iwi o ka makuahine i wahi mālama no nā pono o ka fetal calcium. Hoʻoponopono nā pāpona kalona-regulating i ka lawe ʻana o ka makuahine i ka mineral a no laila ʻaʻole pono e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium i ka wā hāpai. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lawe ʻana i ka calcium ʻaʻole ia e pale i ka nalo ʻana o ka calcium mai ka iwi o ka makuahine i ka wā o ka lactation, akā hoʻihoʻi pinepine ʻia ka calcium ma hope o ka weaning. No laila, ʻo ka koi o kēlā me kēia lā no ka calcium i nā wahine lactating e like me nā wahine non-lactating.

E noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻai calcium inā:

  • me ka amenorrhea: ma muli o ka nui o ka hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole ka anorexia, amenorrhea ke alakaʻi ʻana i kahi hōʻemi o ka pae o ka calcium i mālama ʻia, kona omo nawaliwali, a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui o ka iwi iwi;
  • Menopausal: pili ka emi ʻana o ka hana estrogen i ka manawa o ka menopause me ka nalo ʻana o ka iwi ma mua o 5 mau makahiki. Hoʻopili pū ʻia nā pae estrogen haʻahaʻa me ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka calcium liʻiliʻi a hoʻonui ʻia ka huli ʻana o ka iwi.
  • no ka lactose intolerance: ʻO ka poʻe i ʻae ʻole i ka lactose a ʻalo i nā huahana waiu e pilikia paha lākou i ka nele o ka calcium. He mea hoihoi ia e ʻike ʻoiai me ka lactose intolerance, ʻo ka calcium i loaʻa i ka waiū e komo maʻamau;
  • me ka meaʻai vegetarian a vegan paha: hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka bioavailability o ka calcium me ka papaʻai vegetarian ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka lawe ʻana o nā oxalic a me nā waikawa phytic, i loaʻa i nā mea kanu a me nā pīni;
  • ke hānai ʻana i nā pēpē he nui: Ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka hana ʻana o ka waiū umauma i ka wā e hānai nei i nā pēpē he nui, noʻonoʻo paha nā kauka i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka calcium a me ka magnesium i ka wā o ka lactation.[2].

Manaʻo mākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻoe iā ʻoe iho me ka laulā o Calcium (Ca) ma ka hale kūʻai pūnaewele nui loa o ka honua no nā huahana kūlohelohe. Aia ma mua o 30,000 mau huahana pili kaiapuni, nā kumukūʻai maikaʻi a me nā hoʻolaha maʻamau, mau 5% hōʻemi me ka code promo CGD4899, manuahi ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i hoʻouna ʻia loaʻa.

Nā waiwai kūpono o ka puna a me kāna hopena ma ke kino

Loaʻa i ke kino o kahi mākua ma kahi o 1200 g o ka calcium, ma kahi o 1-2% o ke kaumaha o ke kino. I loko o kēia mau mea, loaʻa ka 99% i nā aʻa mineralized e like me nā iwi a me nā niho, kahi i loaʻa ʻia e like me ka calcium phosphate a me nā liʻiliʻi o ka calcium carbonate, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka paʻa o ka iwi. Loaʻa ka 1% i ke koko, ka wai extracellular, nā mākala a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hana ia i ka hana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka vascular contraction a me ka hoʻomaha ʻana, ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o nā mākala, ka hōʻailona ʻana o ke aʻa, a me ka huna glandular.[5].

Loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi he nui i ke kino no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka calcium. Kōkua ka pākī:

  • e hōʻoia i ka ulu a mālama ʻana o nā iwi olakino a me nā niho;
  • e kākoʻo i ka hana o nā pūnaewele, nā keena e koi mau i kāna lako - i ka puʻuwai, nā mākala a me nā mea ʻē aʻe;
  • ka hana o nā kīʻaha koko a me nā aʻalolo i ka lawe ʻana o nā impulses;
  • assimilate e like me kumumea hehee wale e like me wikamina D, K, makanekiuma a me ka phosphorus;
  • mālama i nā hana o ka thrombus hoʻokumu ma lalo o ka kaohi;
  • mālama i ka hana maʻamau o nā digestive enzymes[4].

Hoʻopomo ʻia ka kalipona e ka lawe ikaika a me ka diffive passive ma o ka mucosa ʻōpū. Pono ka lawe ʻana i ka calcium hana i kahi ʻano o ka lāʻau D a hāʻawi i ka hapa nui o ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium i ka pae haʻahaʻa a kaulike, a me nā manawa pilikia e like me ka ulu ʻana, hāpai ʻana, a i ʻole ka lactation. Lilo ka diffive passive i mea nui me ka lawa a me ka lawe ʻana i ka puna nui.

Me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium, hoʻonui ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium (a ʻo ka hope). Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa kēia hoʻonui pono ʻana o ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium i ka uku no ka nalo ʻana o ka calcium i lawe ʻia me kahi hōʻemi o ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium. Hoʻoemi ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium i ka makahiki i nā kāne a me nā wahine. Hoʻopau ʻia ke kinikini i ka mimi a me nā feces[2].

Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā meaʻai olakino me ka puna

  • Kalipuna + InulinʻO ka inululu kahi ʻano o ka fiber e kōkua i ke kaulike i nā koʻohune maikaʻi i loko o nā ʻōpū. Hoʻohui ʻia, kōkua ia i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā iwi me ka hāpai ʻana i ka omo calcium. ʻIke ʻia ka inulin i nā meaʻai e like me artichokes, onion, kālika, onion ʻōmaʻomaʻo, chicory, maiʻa, palaoa holoʻokoʻa, a me asparagus.
  • Kalipuna + Wikamina DPili pono kēia mau mea ʻelua i kekahi. Pono ke kino i kahi pae lawa o ka wikamina D i mea e komo ai i ka puna[6].
  • Kalipuna + MakanekiumaKōkua ka magnesium i ka omo ʻana o ka calcium mai ke koko i loko o nā iwi. Me ka ʻole o ka magnesium, hiki ʻole i ka metabolism calcium. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai olakino o ka makanekiuma e komo pū me nā lau lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, broccoli, kukama, pīni ʻōmaʻomaʻo, celery, a me nā ʻanoʻano like ʻole.[7].

ʻO ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka huaola D a me ke kūlana. Pili ka hopena o ka omo ʻana i nā koina physiological no ka calcium a pili i ke ana. ʻO nā mea hoʻopili mea ʻai o ka absorption calcium me nā mea i hana i nā complexes i loko o ka ʻōpū. Hiki i ka protein a me ka sodium ke hoʻololi i ka bioavailability o ka puna, ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pae o ka calcium e hoʻonui i ka excretion urinary. ʻOiai piʻi ka nui o ke komo i loko o ka ʻōpū, ʻo ka hopena e hōʻemi paha i ka mahele o ka calcium i hoʻohana pono ʻia e ke kino. ʻO Lactose, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, paipai i ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium.[8].

Loaʻa ka omo o ka calcium ma o ka membrane ʻōpū ma o ka paukū D-kaukaʻi ʻia a me ke ala vitamin-kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ka duodenum ke kumu nui o ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium, ʻoiai ke koena o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi a nui pū kekahi e hāʻawi. Ma kahi o 60-70% o ka kalipuna e passabs hou ʻia i loko o nā puʻupaʻa ma lalo o ka mana o kahi mea kūikawā i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka reabsorption o ka sodium a me ka wai. Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi 10% i nā hunaola nephron[9].

Rula kuke

Ua mālama ʻia nā noiʻi he nui i mea e ʻike ai pehea ka hopena o ka hoʻomākaukau meaʻai i nā loli o ka nui o nā minelala a me nā huaora i ka meaʻai. E like me nā minelala ʻē aʻe, wāwahi ʻia ka calcium e 30-40 pakeneka ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā meaʻai maka. Ua kiʻekiʻe loa nā poho i nā mea kanu. Ma waena o nā ʻano kuke kuke ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka lilo o nā minelala ka mea nui i ka pīpī ʻana ma hope o ka paila ʻana a me ka pulu ʻana i ka wai ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana, a ukali ʻia e ka palai ʻana, kāwili ʻana, a me ka wī ʻana. Eia kekahi, ua like nā hopena ʻelua no ka kuke ʻana i ka home a no ka hana nui. I mea e hōʻemi ai i ka nalo ʻana o ka calcium i ke kuke ʻana, ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻai i ka meaʻai i hoʻolapalapa ʻia me ka kai, hoʻonui i kahi paʻakai i ka wā o ka kuke ʻana, mai ʻai i ka ʻai, a koho i nā ʻano kuke e mālama ai i nā waiwai kūpono o ka meaʻai i hiki. .[10].

Hoʻohana i ka lāʻau kūhelu

Pono pono ka calcium no ka ulu a mālama ʻana o nā iwi olakino a me nā niho. Hōʻike ka noiʻi, ʻoiai ke hui pū ʻia me ka huaola D, hiki i ka calcium ke hoʻēmi i ka maka o ka osteoporosis. ʻO Osteoporosis kahi maʻi i hoʻohuli ʻia e nā kumu he nui. ʻO ka mea maʻamau i waena o nā wahine i ka wā menopause. Nui a hewahewa nā ala e hōʻemi ai i ka hōʻino ʻia o ka iwi e pili ana i ka osteoporosis, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka iwi a me ka palena ʻana i ka nalo ʻana o ka iwi ma hope o ke ola. No kēia mea, ʻo ka puna ka mea nui loa, a me ka lawa kūpono o ka wikamina D e hōʻoia i ka omo maikaʻi ʻana o ka puna i loko o ke kino.

Nui a hewahewa nā ala e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i ka nui o ka iwi piko, e like me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā haʻuki e like me ka holo ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ikaika i hui pū ʻia me ka calcium kūpono (1200 mg / lā) a me ka wikamina D (600 IU / lā) i ka wā ʻōpio. ʻOiai ka hoʻoikaika kino e like me ka hele wāwae, ʻauʻau ʻana, a me ke kaʻa paikikala i nā hopena maikaʻi i ke olakino, maikaʻi ʻole ka hopena o ka nalo ʻana o ka iwi.

ʻO ka kalipuna, e like me nā micronutrients ʻē aʻe, i kahi hopena i ka maʻi ʻaʻai kolona. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 1200-2000 mg o ka calcium i kēlā lā i kēia lā i ka papaʻai, ua hōʻike ʻia i ka hopena o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa i ka hanana o ka maʻi ʻōpū i loko o nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kāohi ʻia. ʻO nā mea komo me nā kiʻekiʻe o ka calcium i lawe ʻia (1087 mg / lā mai ka meaʻai a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha) he 22% ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea i loaʻa ka haʻahaʻa (732 mg / lā). I ka hapanui o nā noi ʻana, ʻike ʻia kahi hōʻemi liʻiliʻi o ka makaʻu me ka supplement calcium. Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia kēia e nā ʻano ʻokoʻa i ka calcium i nā poʻe like ʻole.[4].

Hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi e lawe i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka calcium i mea e pale aku ai i ke koko kiʻekiʻe i nā wahine hāpai a me ka preeclampsia. He kūlana koʻikoʻi kēia e hana mau ma hope o ka hebedoma 20 o ka hāpai ʻana, kahi e ulu ai ka wahine hāpai i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka protein i loko o ka mimi. ʻO ia ke kumu nui o nā maʻi makuahine a me nā neonatal a me ka make ʻana, e loli ana ma kahi o 5-8% o nā hāpai keiki ma United States a hiki i ka 14% o nā hāpai hānau ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Hōʻike ka noiʻi i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi calcium i ka wā hāpai hāpai e hoʻemi i ka makaʻi o ka preeclampsia, akā ʻike wale ʻia kēia mau pōmaikaʻi i nā hui nele i ka calcium. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kaulike ʻole o 524 mau wahine olakino ma India me ka awelika o ka helu calcium o 314 mg / lā wale nō, 2000 mg i kēlā me kēia lā calcium supplement mai 12-25 mau pule o ka hāpai ʻana i ka lawe ʻana e hoʻemi loa i ka makaʻi o ka preeclampsia a me ka hana mua. hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka placebo. … Ma ka huli ʻana, kahi noiʻi like i loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (kahi i maʻa mau ai ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium i kēlā me kēia lā) ʻaʻole hopena. ʻO nā hopena nui loa i loko o nā wahine me ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium ma lalo o 900 mg i kēlā me kēia lā.[11].

Manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā wahine e hoʻohana ana i nā mea hoʻopiha calcium a koho i kahi papaʻai kaulike e loaʻa ka haʻahaʻa o ka hahau ma mua o 14 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ke aʻo nei nā kauka a laila piʻi ka makaʻu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi ʻōpū.[4].

Kalipuna i ka wā hāpai

Paipai kekahi mau ʻoihana ʻoihana i nā mea hoʻopiha calcium i ka wā hāpai no nā wahine me ka lawe ʻana i ka calcium liʻiliʻi e hōʻemi i ka makaʻi o ka preeclampsia. ʻO kahi laʻana, ke Kulanui ʻAmelika o Obstetrics a me Gynecology (ACOG) ʻōlelo i kēlā me kēia lā o nā calcium supplement o 1500-2000 mg hiki ke hoʻēmi i ka nui o ka preeclampsia i nā wahine hāpai i loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 600 mg / lā o ka calcium. Pēlā nō hoʻi, koi ka World Health Organization (WHO) iā 1500-2000 mg o ka calcium no nā wahine hāpai me ka lawe ʻana i ka calcium liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea me ka nui o ka makaʻu o ke kiʻekiʻe hypertension. Paipai ʻo WHO e hoʻokaʻawale i ka nui o nā mahele lāʻau i kēlā me kēia lā i ʻekolu, kahi mea pono e lawe ʻia me nā meaʻai, mai ka wiki 20 o ka hāpai ʻana a hiki i ka hānau ʻana. Paipai pū ʻo WHO i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea hoʻopili a me nā mea hao no nā wahine hāpai i nā lāʻau he nui e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hopena kaohi o ka calcium ma ka lawe hao. Akā hoʻopaʻapaʻa kekahi mau kānaka noiʻi he pili iki kā ka pilina me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa no ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali nā mea hana i nā mea maʻi mai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea hoʻopiha i mea e maʻalahi ai ke regimen a kōkua i ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ka hui hana ʻo Kanada e pili ana i nā maʻi hypertensive i ka hāpai ʻana, ʻo ka International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Women Wahine a me ka Society of Obstetric Medicine o Australia a me New Zealand i hāʻawi i nā kulekele like.[11].

Kalipuna i ka lāʻau kuʻuna

Hoʻomaopopo ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna i ka calcium he mineral koʻikoʻi loa no ke olakino o nā iwi, nā ʻiʻo, nā niho a me ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular. Hoʻohana ʻia ka nui o nā ʻano meaʻai no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka iwi - i waena o lākou ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hua manu, nā huahana lactic acid (no ka laʻana, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "kefir diet", kahi e ʻai ai ka mea maʻi i 6 mau aniani o ka kefir momona haʻahaʻa i kēlā me kēia lā e pale i ka hypertension. , diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis). Hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻai calcium no nā poʻe maʻi me kekahi ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi. Eia kekahi, noʻonoʻo nā loina o ka poʻe i nā hopena o ka lawe ʻana i ka calcium nui, e like me, no ka laʻana, nā pōhaku maʻi. Me kēlāʻano hōʻailona, ​​ua'ōleloʻia hoʻi, ma waho o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e hoʻololi i kaʻai. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokomo i ka palaoa wholemeal i loko o ka meaʻai, e pale i nā carbohydrate i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, ke kō a me ka waiū[12].

Kalipuna i ka noiʻi ʻepekema hou loa

  • Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi ʻo ka nui o ke kalipuna i loko o nā lolo i hiki ke alakaʻi i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā pūʻulu ʻino he hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻo Parkinson. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi hui kūloko e alakaʻi ʻia e ke Kulanui o Cambridge e hiki i ka calcium ke kūkākūkā me ka pilina ma waena o nā hale membrane liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā aʻa aʻa i mea nui no ka hōʻailona neuronal i ka lolo a me ka alpha-synuclein, kahi protein pili i ka maʻi o Parkinson. Hiki i nā pae keu o ka calcium a i ʻole alpha-synuclein ke kumu o kahi kaulahao e alakaʻi i ka make o nā hunaola lolo. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kuleana o ka alpha synuclein i ke ʻano physiological a i ʻole nā ​​hanana pathological hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau hou no ka maʻi o Parkinson. ʻO kahi laʻana, aia hiki i nā lāʻau i hoʻolālā ʻia e ālai i ka calcium i loko o nā maʻi puʻuwai e hiki paha ke kūʻē i ka maʻi o Parkinson.[15].
  • ʻO kahi noiʻi ʻepekema hou i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kulanui ʻAmelika o Cardiac Science Session o ka Intermountain Institute of Public Health ma Salt Lake City e hōʻike ana i ka ʻike ʻana i ke alo a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻole o ka calcium i loko o nā aʻa coronary hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka pilikia o ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kēia aʻo ʻana ʻaʻole wale no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā maʻi o ka wā e hiki mai ana, akā i ka wā i loaʻa ai nā ʻōuli. ʻO ka hoʻokolohua e pili ana i nā maʻi 5547 me ka mōʻaukala ʻole o ka maʻi puʻuwai nāna i hōʻike i kahi kikowaena olakino me ka ʻeha o ka umauma ma waena o ʻApelila 2013 a me Iune 2016. Ua ʻike lākou ʻo nā mea maʻi i loaʻa i ka calcium coronary on scans ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi puʻuwai ma loko o 90 mau lā ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia. nā mea maʻi i loaʻa ʻole ka calcium ma CT. Ua ʻike pū kekahi nā kānaka noiʻi me nā maʻi me ka calcium i ʻike ʻia he maʻi ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ākea ākea, revascularization, a me / a i ʻole nā ​​hanana cardiac koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.[14].
  • ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i kahi papaʻai waiwai i loko o ka kalipuna a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana iā ia i ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻopihapiha papaʻai ʻaʻole ia e hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka degeneration macular e pili ana i ka makahiki, e like me kahi noiʻi a ka US National Eye Institute. ʻO kēia kumu ke kumu nui o ka nalo ʻana o ka hihiʻo a me ka makapō ma waena o ka poʻe nona ka makahiki 65 a ʻoi i ka United States. Ua paʻi ʻia nā hopena ma ka puke pai ʻo JAMA Ophthalmology. Kūʻē kēia mau ʻike i ka noiʻi ma mua e hōʻike ana i ka pili ʻana o nā pae calcium kiʻekiʻe me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi macular e pili ana i ka makahiki, a ma ka manawa like e hōʻoia ai he calcium ka hana a ka calcium i kēia hihia.[13].

Ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka puna i ka cosmetology

Ma waho o kāna kuleana nui i ke olakino o nā iwi, nā niho a me nā kino o ke kino, he mea nui ka calcium no ka ʻili. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o ia i ka papa waho loa o ka ʻili (epidermis), kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai ke kuleana o ka calcium no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka hana ālai a me ka homeostasis (kahi hana hoʻōla ponoʻī kahi e uku ai ka helu o nā mahele o ka ʻili i ka ʻili no ka helu. o nā huna huna). ʻO Keratinocytes - nā hunaola o ka epidermis - pono i nā kolamu calcium i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻOiai ka hoʻololi mau (ʻaneʻane i kēlā me kēia 60 mau lā, ua hoʻohou hou ʻia ka epidermis, e hoʻololi ana ma mua o 80 biliona keratinocytes i ke kino o kahi kanaka makua), lilo ka ʻili o mākou ʻelemakule i ka ʻelemakule, ʻoiai ka lohi o ka huli o nā keratinocytes e lohi nui ai. Pili ka ʻelemakule me ka lahilahi o nā epidermis, elastosis, hoʻemi i ka hana pale, a me ka nalo ʻana o nā melanocytes. ʻOiai ke hilinaʻi nui nei ka ʻokoʻa o nā keratinocytes i ka calcium, pili pū ia i ka ʻelemakule o ka ʻili. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka gradient calcium epidermal i loko o ka ʻili, kahi e paipai ai i ka ulu ʻana o keratinocytes a ʻae i ko lākou ʻokoʻa, nalo i ka wā ʻelemakule o ka ʻili.[16].

Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia ka calcium oxide i ka cosmetology ma ke ʻano he regulator o ka acidity a me ka absorbent. Loaʻa ia i loko o nā huahana e like me ka make-up, nā paʻakai ʻauʻau, nā huʻa ʻū, nā waha a me nā huahana mālama lauoho.[17].

Kalepona no ka pohō kaumaha

Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau haʻawina e hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka calcium i ka hakakā ʻana i ka momona. Ua hoʻokumuʻia kēia kuhiakau ma kaʻoiaʻiʻo e hiki i ka laweʻana i ka calcium kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻemi i ka nui o ka calcium i loko o nā pūnaewele momona, e hoʻemi ana i ka hanaʻana o ka hormone parathyroid a me keʻano hana o ka huaʻa D. ʻO ka emiʻana o ka calcium intracellular, ma ka huliʻana, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka haʻihaʻi. momona a keʻakeʻa i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka momona i loko o kēia mau cell. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka calcium mai ka meaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻohui ke hoʻopaʻa i nā liʻiliʻi o ka momona meaʻai i loko o ka digestive tract a keʻakeʻa i ka absorption o kēlā momona. ʻO nā huahana dairy, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaumaha o ke kino ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia mai kā lākou mea calcium. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka protein a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o nā huahana waiū ke hoʻololi i nā hormones e hoʻoponopono ai i ka ʻai.

A 2014 randomized crossover study o 15 mau kāne ʻōpio olakino i ʻike i nā papaʻai kiʻekiʻe i ka waiū a i ka tī (e hāʻawi ana i ka nui o 1700 mg / lā o ka calcium) hoʻonui nui i ka exection momona fecal i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka papaʻai hoʻomalu i hāʻawi ʻia i ka puna mg 500 / lā. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā hopena o nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua i nānā i nā hopena o ka calcium ma ke kaupaona o ke kino he maikaʻi ʻole. Eia kekahi laʻana, ua noiʻi ʻia ka mea hoʻoliʻiliʻi 1500 mg / lā i ka 340 overweight a i ʻole nā ​​mākua momona me ka nui o nā kumu calcium i loaʻa i 878 mg / lā (hui lapaʻau) a me 887 mg / lā (placebo group). Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me placebo, ʻaʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi o ke kaupaona i ka supplementation calcium no 2 mau makahiki.

Nā Mea Hoʻohanohano

  • I kona kūlana kumumea maʻemaʻe, ʻo ka calcium he aila silali keʻokeʻo ʻāpana keʻokeʻo silvery. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo, eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka calcium ma kēia ʻano kaʻawale i ke kūlohelohe, akā aia nō i loko o nā mea hoʻohui. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā pūnina kalipuna ma nā ʻano minelala like ʻole me ka limestone (calcium carbonate), gypsum (calcium sulfate), a me fluorite (calcium fluoride). Hana ʻo Kalipona ma kahi o 4,2 pākēneka o ka honua honua ma ke kaupaona.
  • No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka kalipona maʻemaʻe, hana ʻia ka electrolysis, kahi hana e hoʻohana ai i ke au uila pololei e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea mai kā lākou kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe. Ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, lilo ka calcium i mea hana hou a ma ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā ea e hana i kahi oxide-keʻokeʻo a me ka uhi nitride.
  • ʻO ke kalipunaʻokena, i kapaʻia he lime, hana i ke kukui mālamalama a ikaika ke hōʻike ʻia i kahi ahi oxygen-hydrogen. I nā makahiki 1800, ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka uila, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia hui e hoʻomālamalama i nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Mai kēia ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania ka huaʻōlelo “i ka limelight” - “e lilo i kahi nānā.”
  • Paipai nā mea hānai he nui i ka lakio 2: 1 i ka lakio magnesium. Akā ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka calcium i ko mākou kino, ʻoi aku mākou i ka hemahema o ka magnesium. ʻO kēia no ka mālama ʻana o ko mākou kino a mālama i ka calcium, ʻoiai e hoʻohana ʻia a lawe ʻia aku ka magnesium mai ke kino a pono e hoʻopiha i kēlā me kēia lā.[19].

Nā Contraindications a me nā akahele

Nā hōʻailona o ka lawa ʻole o ka calcium

Hiki ke hopena i ka nele o ka calcium ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka lawe ʻana a i ʻole ka omo maikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻōpū. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ʻole i ke kōpaʻa kīnā ʻole mau, ka lawa ʻole o ka wikamina D a me nā pae magnesium haʻahaʻa ke kumu. I ka wā o ka hemahema calcium mau, lawe ʻia ka mineral mai ka iwi iwi e mālama ai i nā pae maʻamau o ka holo ʻana o ka calcium, a laila hōʻino i ka olakino iwi. A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻo ka nele o ka calcium mau loa e alakaʻi ai i ka hōʻemi ʻia ʻana o ka iwi a me ka osteoporosis. ʻO ka hopena o ka nele o ka calcium he osteopenia, osteoporosis a me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka maka o nā iwi haʻi.[2].

ʻO nā ʻōuli o ka hypocalcemia e komo pū me ka helu o ka manamana lima, nā puʻupuʻu o nā puʻupuʻu, nā haunaele, nā lethargy, nā makemake maikaʻi ʻole, a me nā puʻuwai puʻuwai maikaʻi ʻole. Inā ʻaʻole e mālama koke ʻia, hiki i ka nele o ka calcium ke make. No laila, he mea nui e nīnau aku i kāu kauka inā manaʻo ʻoe i ka nele o ka calcium.[4].

Nā hōʻailona o ka nui o ka kalipuna

ʻO ka ʻikepili e pili ana i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka nui o ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium i nā kānaka ke hele mua ʻia mai nā haʻawina supplementation. Ma waena o nā hopena ʻē aʻe o ka nui o ka calcium i loko o ke kino, ʻo nā mea ʻekolu i aʻo ʻia a me nā meaola biologically nui:

  • nā pōhaku i nā puʻupaʻa;
  • hypercalcemia a me nā kōpaʻa kō;
  • ka launa pū ʻana o ka calcium me ka omo ʻana o nā kumu ʻē aʻe[2].

ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe o ka nui o ka calcium e komo pū me ka nalo o ka makemake, kahoʻi, luaʻi, huikau, a me ke koma.

ʻO ka palena no ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium he 1000-1500 mg / lā i loko o nā pēpē, 2,500 mg / lā i nā keiki 1 a 8 mau makahiki, 3000 mg / lā i nā keiki 9 makahiki a me nā ʻōpio ma o 18 mau makahiki. I nā mākua, ʻo ka maʻamau he 2,500 mg / lā, a ma hope o 51 mau makahiki - 2,000 mg / lā.[4].

Ka launa pū me nā mea ʻē aʻe

  • Kāleka. Hiki i ka cafe ke hoʻonui i ka nalowale o ka puna urinary a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia e mau ana ka hopena o ka caffeine i ke ʻano kaulike; ua nānā nui ʻia kēia hopena i nā wahine i hoʻopau ʻole i ka nui o ka calcium i ka manawa o ka menopause.
  • Makanekiuma Hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hypocalcemia i ka hemahema a i ʻole ka nui o ka magnesium deficit. Eia nō naʻe, e like me kahi noi he 3 mau pule kahi i hoʻopau ʻino ʻia ai ka magnesium mai ka papaʻai, ua ʻike ʻia ʻoiai ʻo kahi hōʻemi liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka magnesium i hoʻopau ʻia e hiki ai ke hōʻemi nui i ka nui o ka nui o ka calcium.
  • ʻAkika ʻākela hoʻopilikia paha i ka omo calcium. ʻO nā mea ʻai ʻākoukino e hoʻopili pū me ka milo, kaʻuala, rhubarb, a me nā pī.
  • Phosphorus. ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka phosphorus hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka absorption calcium. Eia nō naʻe, inā lawa ka nui o ka calcium i hoʻopau ʻia, a laila e emi ka likelike o kēia. Loaʻa ka Phosphorus i nā huahana waiu, cola a me nā mea inu ʻē aʻe, a me ka ʻiʻo.
  • ʻAikika Phytic. Hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium. Loaʻa i loko o ka berena hū ʻole, nā pī maka, nā nati, nā kīʻaha, a me nā huahana soy.
  • Pūkohu. Manaʻo ʻia he hiki i ka protein protein ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka excretion o ka calcium i ka mimi. Ke noiʻi ʻia nei kēia hihia e nā ʻepekema.
  • Sodoma. ʻO ke kūpono a me ka lawe kiʻekiʻe o ka sodium chloride (paʻakai) e alakaʻi i kahi hoʻonui i ka nui o ka calcium i lawe ʻia mai ke kino i ka mimi. Aia kekahi hōʻike hōʻike ʻole e hiki i ka paʻakai ke hoʻopili maikaʻi i nā iwi. A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i paʻi ʻia ka lāʻau i koi ʻia o ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium ma muli o ka paʻakai.
  • Kiniki Hoʻokomo ʻia ka puna a me ka zinc i ka ʻāpana like o ka ʻōpū, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi i ka hana metabolic. Hiki i nā lā nui o ka zinc i hoʻopau ʻia ke hoʻopilikia i ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium. Pono e nānā pono i kēia i nā wahine ʻelemākule, nona ka pae o ka calcium i loko o ke kino e hoʻohaʻahaʻa iā ia iho, a me ka loaʻa hou ʻana o nā zinc supplement, hiki ke hōʻemi hou aku.
  • Mea hao. Hiki i ke kalepona ke hoʻopōʻino i ka lawe ʻana o ka hao i ke kino[3].

Ka launa pū ʻana me nā lāʻau

Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻopilikia i ka punaewele calcium, ʻo ka mea nui ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pae calcium urinary a pēlā e alakaʻi ai i ka maʻi calcium. Hoʻomaopopo nui ʻia, no ka laʻana, ka hopena o nā glucocortisoids i ka hanana osteoporosis a me ka nalo ʻana o ka iwi, me ka nānā ʻole i ka makahiki a me ke kāne. Hoʻonui ka Corticosteroids i ka nui o ka calcium ʻaʻole wale i ka mimi, akā i ka pahu, a ʻo ka hopena, hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole i ka pae o ka puna.

Ua hōʻiliʻili mākou i nā mea nui e pili ana i ka calcium i kēia kiʻi a mahalo mākou inā ʻoe e kaʻana i ke kiʻi ma kahi pūnaewele a blog paha, me ka loulou i kēia ʻaoʻao.

Nā Punawai ʻIke
  1. Mea ulana CM, Peacock M. Nā holomua i ka meaʻai (Bethesda Md.), 2 (3), 290-292. hana: 10.3945 / an.111.000463
  2. ʻO Jennifer J. Otten, ʻo Jennifer Pitzi Hellwig, a me Linda D. Meyers. "Kalipuna". Nā Papa Kuhikuhi Meaʻai Meaʻai: Ke Alakai Pono i nā Pono Nutrient. 2006. 286-95.
  3. ʻO Kipple, Kenneth F, a me Orneals, Kriemhild Conee. "Kalipuna". ʻO ka History History o ka Meaʻai ʻo Cambridge. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2012. 785-97. ʻO ka Cambridge History History o ka Meaʻai.
  4. Puna Nutri-ʻoiaʻiʻo
  5. Cashman, K. (2002). ʻO ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium, ka bioavailability calcium a me ka olakino iwi. Ka Nūpepa Pelekānia o nā Mea Nānā, 87 (S2), S169-S177. hana: 10.1079 / BJN / 2002534
  6. 7 Pākuʻi ʻAi Mea Mana Loa, kumu
  7. ʻO nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me nā meaʻai kūpono no nā wahine,
  8. SJ Fairweather-Tait, S. Southon. ʻO Encyclopedia o ka ʻepekema Meaʻai a me ka meaʻai (Hoʻolua ʻelua), 2003.
  9. ʻO MR Clarkson, CN Magee, BM Brenner. ʻO Pocket Companion iā Brenner a me Rector's The Kidney. ʻAoʻao 2, 2011.
  10. Kimura M., Itokawa Y. Ke kuke ʻana i ka nalo o nā minelala i nā meaʻai a me kona ʻano nui pono. Pai o Nutritional Science Vitaminol. 1990; 36. Pākuʻi 1: S25-32; kūkā S33.
  11. Nā Kula Nui o ke Aupuni. Keena o nā Mea Hoʻohui Meaʻai. Kalipuna. Pepa ʻ Factslelo no nā ʻOihana Ola. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheers/Calcium-HealthProfessional/#h7
  12. Uzhegov, G. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna: ka puke noiʻi piha piha. 2007 makahiki.
  13. Alanna K. Tisdale, Elvira Agrón, Sarah B. Sunshine, Traci E. Clemons, Frederick L. Ferris, Emily Y. Chew. Ka Hui o kaʻai a me ka mea hoʻowaiwai ʻaʻano Kaumake me ka degeneration Macular e pili ana i ka makahiki. ʻO JAMA Ophthalmology, 2019; https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.0292
  14. Hale Lapaʻau ʻo Intermountain. "Hōʻike ʻia ke kalepona i nā aʻa e hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o nā maʻi i ka hōʻeha puʻuwai." ʻEpekema. 16 Malaki 2019. www.sciencingaily.com/releases/2019/03/190316162159.htm
  15. Janin Lautenschläger, Amberley D. Stephens, Giuliana Fusco, Florian Ströhl, Nathan Curry, Maria Zacharopoulou, Claire H. Michel, Romain Laine, Nadezhda Nespovitaya, Marcus Fantham, Dorothea Pinotsi, Wagner Zago, Paul Fraser, Anurag Tandon, Peter St George- Hyslop, Eric Rees, Jonathan J. Phillips, Alfonso De Simone, Clemens F. Kaminski, Gabriele S. Kaminski Schierle. ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o ka calcium C-terminal o ka α-synuclein e hoʻololi i ka pilina vesicle synaptic. Nā kamaʻilio kūlohelohe, 2018; 9 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03111-4
  16. Nā Pōmaikaʻi Huahana Kalinika
  17. CalciumʻOxide, kumu
  18. Hoʻopiha Meaʻai no ka Loss Lilo. Pepa ʻoiaʻiʻo no nā ʻoihana Ola,
  19. Nā mea e pili ana i ka puna, kumu
Ka paʻi hou o nā pono

Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea āpau me ka ʻole o kā mākou ʻae palapala mua ʻia.

Nā kānāwai palekana

ʻAʻole kuleana ke alakaʻi no nā hoʻāʻo ʻana e noi i kahi papa kuhikuhi, ʻōlelo aʻo a papaʻai paha, a ʻaʻole nō hoʻi e hoʻohiki i ka ʻike i kuhikuhi ʻia e kōkua a hōʻeha paha iā ʻoe iho. E akahele a nīnau mau i ke kauka kūpono.

Heluhelu pū kekahi e pili ana i nā minelala ʻē aʻe:

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