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Mai ka wā kahiko, he mea nui ia no ke kanaka ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻohi wale, akā mālama pū kekahi ia. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, he hōʻoia kēia o ka mālama ʻana i ke ola ponoʻī. No laila ua aʻo ke kanaka e hoʻomaloʻo a maloʻo, puhi a paʻa hau. A ma hope - ka paʻakai a me ka pala. Pehea e mālama ai i ka meaʻai i nā meaʻai no nā makahiki i ʻike ʻia wale nō.
ʻAi ʻia ka honua holoʻokoʻa i kahi hana o ka mālama ʻana i ka chef Farani ʻo François Apper, nāna i hoʻohana akamai i ka ʻike o ʻepekema ʻelua e pili ana i ke kumu o nā microbes. Ma ka hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻana i ka hue o ka meaʻai, ma hope o 8 mau mahina, ua ʻike ʻo François i kahi hiʻohiʻona leʻaleʻa o kāna mea ʻai kēne, no ia mea ua loaʻa iā ia he mekala gula mai ka ʻoihana Palani o ka 19 kenekulia, a ua hāʻawi ʻia hoʻi i ka inoa hanohano "Mea Hoʻomaikaʻi o ke Kanaka" . Mai ia manawa, ua haʻaheo ke kō ʻana ma kahi o nā ala ʻē aʻe e mālama ai i ka meaʻai no ka manawa lōʻihi.
ʻO nā mea kanu kō
No ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu (kukama, ʻōmato, zucchini), pono e hoʻomākaukau i nā ipu aniani o ka nui i koi ʻia. No kēia kumu, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā kini lita a me ʻekolu lita. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻelua mau ipu wai i ke ahi, kau ʻia he apo kūikawā me kahi puka o ka ʻāʻī o ka ipu ma luna o kekahi o lākou, ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe no ka hana ʻana i ka brine.
Ma hope o ka baila ʻana o ka wai i loko o ka ipu mua, hiki i ka sterilization ke hoʻomaka. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ipu mālama i loko o ka lua o ke apo me ka ʻāʻī i lalo. Pēlā, sterilized ʻia ka kini ma kahi o ʻumi mau minuke, a laila kau ʻia ka mea aʻe, a pēlā aku.
Nā mea kanu i manaʻo ʻia no ka mālama ʻana a me nā mea ʻala (nā lau cherry, nā pepa ʻeleʻele a me nā allspice, horseradish, nā lau bay, dill, tarragon a i ʻole amaranth - no ka ikaika) i nā ipu i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. Hoʻohui ʻia ka paʻakai a me kahi vīnega liʻiliʻi i ka pā ʻelua. Ma hope o ka paila ʻana, ninini i nā mea kanu i loko o nā hue me ka brine. Haʻalele no 10 mau minuke. I kēia manawa, kau lākou i nā kaula kāpili ma nā poʻi no nā kini a hahao iā lākou i loko o kahi ipu wai e hoʻolapalapa ai.
A laila ninini hou ʻia ka brine mai nā kini i loko o ka pā e hoʻohana ana i nā poʻi kūikawā me nā puka. Lawe ʻia ka brine a hoʻolapalapa ʻia a ninini ʻia nā mea kanu i loko o nā hue. ʻĀwili ʻia nā panakō a kau ʻia i luna i lalo. Ma hope o ke anuanu, hiki ke hoʻohuli i nā hue.
Pākuʻi hua
Ua like ka hana me ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa wale nō ma hope o ka sterilizing ʻana i ka ipu a waiho i nā hua ma laila, ninini ʻia nā mea o nā kini me ka wai paila me ka hoʻohui o ke kō a me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka waikawa citric i mea e pale aku ai i ka ʻai o nā kēpau. ʻO nā ʻanuʻu ʻē aʻe āpau i ka mālama ʻana i nā hua e like me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā mea kanu.
Jam
Nui a hewahewa nā ala e hana ai i ka jam. Hoʻomoʻa mau ʻia me kahi paila liʻiliʻi, e hoʻonui ana i kahi kō o ke kō e like me ka meaʻai. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā hua lahilahi i hoʻokahi manawa, a hoʻolapalapa ʻia nā hua ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a me nā hua i 2 mau manawa me kahi kaʻawale o 1-3 mau hola. Ma hope o ka pailaʻana o ka jam i 20 mau minuke, pono ke nānā ʻia no ka mākaukau.
Nā hōʻailona o ka mākaukau jam:
- ʻAʻole hoʻolaha ʻia kahi kulu jam i waiho ʻia ma kahi kīʻaha anu. Pono e kahe ka syrup mai ka puna i kahi kahawai mānoanoa.
- ʻO ke kiko paila o ka jam i hoʻopau ʻia a hōʻea i ka 106,5 kekelē Celsius.
- Ke hoʻoluliluli nei i ka ipu me ka jam, ʻaʻole e hoʻopuehu nā hua i nā lihi, akā e ʻohiʻohi i ka waena o ka ipu.
- I ka jam, ʻaʻole lana nā hua i luna, akā hāʻawi like ʻia i ka syrup.
Ka mālama ʻana i ka jam:
Ninini ʻia Jam i loko o nā hue i hoʻomākaukau mua ʻia a ʻolokaʻa ʻia me nā poʻi. Huli ʻia nā hue me nā poʻi i lalo, a anuanu lākou.
Iʻa kēpau
ʻOkiʻoki ʻia ka iʻa i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, kālua ʻia, waiho ʻia i loko o nā hue mālama mua. E ninini i ka wai kōmato a i ʻole ka aila mea kanu, e hoʻomoʻi i ka paʻakai, nā mea ʻala, kokoke me nā poʻi metala a hoʻokomo i loko o kahi kōpena kuke me kahi wai liʻiliʻi ma lalo (ma kahi o 4-5 mau kenimika). Ma hope o 30 - 60 mau minuke, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka iʻa a me ka ikaika o kona mau iwi, pio ka mea kuke kuke. I ka manawa like, pono e palupalu nā iwi i loko o ka iʻa e like me ka meaʻai i hiki ke hana i nā ʻoihana. ʻĀwili ʻia nā meaʻai kēla a huli ʻia me nā poʻi i lalo.
ʻIʻo kini
I loko o kahi kuke kuke kuke, kuke ʻia kaʻiʻo e like me ka meaʻai kuke. A laila kau ʻia ka ʻiʻo i loko o nā ipu i hoʻāhu ʻia i mua o ka mahu, a sterilized. A laila hana lākou e like me ke ʻano ma luna aʻe no ka iʻa kē kēa. ʻO ka manawa kuke kuke i ka mea kuke kuke mai 1,5 a 2 mau hola, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻiʻo a me nā iwi.
ʻO nā waiwai kūpono o ka meaʻai kēpau
ʻO nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai kēpau, ke kuke pono ʻia, ʻono a ʻono hoʻi. Mālama ka iʻa kēpau i nā waikawa momona momona pono āpau, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole ia wale ka ʻono, akā momona pū kekahi. A he waiwai nui ko ka stew me ka waiwai o ke kino.
No Jam, no nā mea aloha he nui, he mea maikaʻi loa kēia e hiki ke kūleʻa maikaʻi i nā mea momona a me ka kokoleka. Hoʻohui, palekana ke ʻōlelo ʻana ʻo ka jamem homemade kahi huahana olakino ma mua o ka nui o nā mea momona supermarket.
Hoʻohui ʻia, kōkua nui ka meaʻai i ka kēpau ke nui ka manawa, pono lākou i nā huakaʻi, kōkua lākou i nā mahiʻai hui i nā manawa o ka hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi ʻole, he kōkua maikaʻi loa lākou no kēlā me kēia wahine hale, e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i ka meaʻai a ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. A ʻo ka mea ʻai kēpau kahi hāʻawi maikaʻi loa i ka waihona kālā ʻohana.
ʻO nā mea weliweli o ka meaʻai kēpau
ʻO ka mea mua, ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, waiho ʻia ka liʻiliʻi o nā huaora i loko o nā huahana.
ʻO ka lua, me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai mai ka lepo, a me ka hiki ʻole o ka canning a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻiʻo canned, aia ka pilikia o ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o nā huahana me nā spores botulism, e ulu ana i loko o ka meaʻai canned ma kahi o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau mahina. Hoʻokomo koke ʻia ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka botulism.
ʻO ke kolu, he nui ka paʻakai a me ke kō i nā meaʻai i kēkū. I ka hihia mua, me ka hoʻomāinoino, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka hypertension, a i ka lua o ka hihia - i ka nele o ka calcium i ke kino, me nā hopena āpau e hiki mai ana; a me nā pilikia me ka pancreas a me ka hōʻiliʻili o ke kaupaona nui.