Contents
Description
ʻO nā umauma nā lāʻau e ulu i nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi lākou i ka ea a lawelawe ma ke ʻano he hoʻonaninani maoli o nā alanui. Loaʻa i nā kumulāʻau nā lau lau a me nā hua i loko o kahi wahī. I ka wā pua, hoʻopiha ka lewa i kahi ʻala ʻoluʻolu.
Hana pinepine nā kamaliʻi i nā hana o ke kau mai nā hua o ka mea kanu. Eia kekahi, i nā helu he nui o ka ʻāina, hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā ipu like ʻole ma ke kumu o nā chestnuts. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia nā mea hoihoi āpau e pili ana i nā chestnuts. I kēia ʻatikala, e kaʻana like mākou i nā kikoʻī hoihoi loa e pili ana i ka mea kanu.
ʻO nā hua o ka mea kanu Noble Chestnut a i ʻole Chestnut maoli (Castanea sativa Mille). Pili ia i ka ʻohana beech a ulu ʻia i nā aniau subtropical ma ʻEulopa, ʻĀsia, ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me Caucasus.
Hoʻomoʻa nā hua i nā "pahu" āpau i loaʻa nā ʻāpana 2-4.
He mea kūpono ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hua o ka chestnut hanohano mai nā hua o ka chestnut lio, ʻaʻole e ʻai ʻia, a i kekahi mau hihia hiki ke alakaʻi i ka lāʻau make. Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia ka chestnut lio ma Rūsia, hoʻohana ʻia ia no nā kūlanakauhale hoʻokalakupua a ʻike ʻia no kona ʻano "mohala" pua. Hoʻokahi wale nō hua i loko o ka pūpū o ka chestnut lio, ʻono ʻawaʻawa ia, ʻaʻole ʻono, e like me ka nut chestnut hanohano.
Aia kahi Chestnut Festival ma Palani. Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia nut he huahana aupuni o ka Farani.
Ua manaʻo ʻia aia ma Kina 40% o nā pahu pahu i hoʻopau ʻia.
ʻO ka haku mele a me ka ʻike calorie o ka chestnut
Loaʻa i ka Chestnut nā flavonoids, nā aila, nā pectins, nā tannins, starch, nā sugars, nā protein protein. ʻO kēia wale nō ka hua nut i loaʻa ka wikamina C, loaʻa pū nā huaora A a me B, nā mea mineral (iron, potassium).
- Nā Proteins, g: 3.4.
- Nā momona, g: 3.0.
- ʻO nā haʻalula, g: 30.6
- ʻO ka ʻike calorie - 245 kilocalories
Mōʻaukala o nā chestnuts
ʻO Chestnut kahi kumulāʻau o ka ʻohana Beech me nā hua o ka inoa like. ʻO ka pūpū lahilahi ʻili-ʻili o nā hua ke hūnā i ka nati, ka ʻāpana ʻai o ka chestnut. Ua ulu nā Chestnuts ma Helene kahiko a me Roma Roma.
Hoʻohana nā Roma iā lākou no ka meaʻai, a hoʻohana ka poʻe Helene iā lākou i lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua lawe mai ko Roma i nā pahu pahu i Pelekane. Mai ʻEulopa, ua palahalaha nā chestnuts a puni ka honua.
Ke ulu nei nā kumulāʻau Chestnut ma kā mākou honua mai nā wā prehistoric. ʻO ka ʻōlelo mua o nā mea kanu mai ka makahiki 378 BC.
Ua kapa ʻia nā hua o ka mea kanu he "laiki e ulu ana ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau." Loaʻa kēia i nā ʻano meaola. Ua like lākou me ka laiki palaunu. Eia nō naʻe, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe mea like nā mea kanu a pili ʻole. Hiki ke ulu ʻo Chestnuts ma kahi o 500 mau makahiki. A hua i ka hapa nui o kēia manawa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, luku nā kānaka i nā kumulāʻau ma mua. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻolaha ka "chestnut lio". Lawe ʻia ka mea kanu i ʻEulopa mai Turkey. Hoʻohana mua ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he hānai lio. Ma hope iho, ma ke kumu o nā hua, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomākaukau i ka lāʻau kahe no nā holoholona. ʻO ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai ka inoa o ka mea kanu.
I kēia manawa, aia ma kahi o 30 mau ʻano o nā chestnuts. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono lākou āpau no ka meaʻai, a hoʻohana pū ʻia i ka lāʻau. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ʻano.
Nā ʻano o nā chestnuts
E hoʻomaka kākou me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka umauma mea ʻai i ʻokoʻa loa mai ka mea kanu, nā hua a nā Kievans e kiʻi ai ma Khreshchatyk. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi leʻaleʻa kūikawā i nā kūlanakauhale Ukaraina e ka chestnut lio hoʻonaninani, i loaʻa ka inoa no ka mea o nā hua i like ke kala a me ka ʻālohilohi e like me nā lio bay. ʻO nā inoa ʻē aʻe no kēia mea kanu ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka esculus.
ʻO nā pua, nā huaʻai a me ka ʻili o ka chestnut lio he waiwai waiwai nui kahi e loaʻa ai nā lāʻau no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi vaskular. I ka lāʻau lāhui, hoʻohana ʻia ka wai i ʻono ʻia mai nā pua hou i loko no ka vasodilation ma nā wāwae a no ka hemorrhoids. Mai ka decoction o ka ʻili o nā lālā, hana ʻia nā ʻauʻau no ka hemorrhoids. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻāpana ʻona o nā pua maloʻo i waho no ka rumatika a me ka ʻehaʻeha.
Akā no ka ʻohana ʻokoʻa loa ka lūlū ʻana i ka ʻai. Ke ulu nui nei ia ma ke Kaiwaenahonua, ka ʻĀina ʻEleʻele o ʻAsia Minor a me Caucasus. I our country, loaʻa ka chestnut hihiu ma ka Crimea. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka "civilised" nā ʻano ʻEulopa i ulu ma Italia, Palani a i ʻole Sepania ʻoi aku ka nui - ka nui o ka mandarin.
Pehea ke ʻano o ka umauma ʻai?
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kāna mau lau lōʻihi, niho, i hoʻopili ʻia i ka lima ʻaʻole e kahi asterisk, akā hoʻokahi pākahi. Hiki i nā lāʻau ke 40 mika i ke kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo nā pua he spikelets ke nānā maʻamau o ke kala melemele. Uhi ʻia ka capsule o ka hua me ka nui o nā kakalaioa loloa lahilahi, a ma loko (ʻaʻole like me ka chestnut lio hoʻokahi) aia nā hua 2-4 i ke ʻano o kahi ʻōpuʻu i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
ʻO nā hua ʻai e ʻai ponoʻī ʻia i waho e like iki me nā hua o ka chestnut lio. He hua nunui, pālahalaha (i kekahi manawa aneane pālahalaha) me kahi pūpū eleele ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Ke keʻokeʻo o kēlāʻano chestnut keʻokeʻo me ka pulp momona - ke kālua ʻia, ʻo kona ʻono e like me nā ʻuala maloʻo, crumbly.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: no nā kumulāʻau chestnut, ʻaʻole 500 mau makahiki i kahi moʻolelo. Ua ola kēia mea kanu mai nā wā prehistoric. I ke kenekulia 4 BC. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka Roma i nā chestnuts ma ka wili ʻana i nā nati i ka palaoa no ka palaoa ʻana
Hoʻohana o nā chestnuts
Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o nā tannin, ʻaʻole ia e koi ʻia e hoʻopau i nā chestnuts maka.
ʻO lākou kahi kīʻaha maʻamau i nā kuke o Palani, Iāpana, ʻItalia, Kina, a me nā ʻāina ʻAsia. Hiki iā lākou ke palai, hoʻolapalapa, hoʻomoʻa, hoʻomoʻa.
ʻO ka ipu kīʻaha nui loa i pūlehu ʻia i nā chestnuts. No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, pono e ʻokiʻoki i nā hua i ke keʻa, kahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou ai i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka nut mai ka pūpū. A laila e hoʻokomo i nā nati i loko o ka pā palai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e koi ʻia e hoʻohana iā Teflon, e uhi me nā kāwele mākū i hoʻomaloʻo ʻole ai nā pale umauma, a pani i ka uhi. Ma hope o 20-30 mau minuke, e mākaukau nā pahu umauma.
I ka wā o ka palai ʻana, pono e mālama e mālama i nā ʻūlū a pulu hoʻi i nā manawa o ka pahu pahu. Ma hope o ka palai ʻana, koi ʻia e ihi koke i ka ihi ma nā pahu ʻai, no ka mea, e paʻakikī hou lākou ma hope o ke anuanu.
Paipai ʻia nā Chestnuts e kuke i hoʻokahi manawa ke nalowale koke i ko lākou ʻono.
Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i ka palaoa a hoʻokomo i ka palaoa, ke kanakē, ka ʻaikalima, nā pōpō, nā pā. Hoʻohana ʻia ka palaoa Chestnut ma Corsica no ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i ka berena, i loko o nā hua iho - no ka hana ʻana i ka hānai chestnut me ke kālaki a me nā ʻaka, ma kahi ʻaoʻao no ka ʻai.
ʻIʻike ʻia ʻo Palani no kāna kuʻuna o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i nā chestnuts ma nā alanui. Aia kekahi lā nui Palani i kapa ʻia ʻo "Taste Week", i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka "Festival of chestnuts".
Hele maikaʻi nā Chestnuts me ka waina mulled, Norman cider, shrimp, orange mousse, asparagus, scallops.
I Iapana, hoʻomākaukau lākou me ka moa a me ka laiki, a i ʻole lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he meaʻai meaʻai pia. I Kina, makemake nui ʻia nā chestnuts ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui i kaʻiʻo. Eia kekahi, mahalo nui ʻia nā pā i hana ʻia mai ka ʻiʻo o nā puaʻa i hānai ʻia me nā pahu ʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi
Loaʻa i nā Chestnuts kahi nui o nā mea waiwai i ke kino, kahi e kōkua ai e hoʻonui i ka palekana, ka hoʻoikaika ākea o ke kino.
No nā kumu lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohana decoctions, infusions a i ʻole ʻona ʻona o ka chestnut. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka atherosclerosis, hypertension, nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular, nā maʻi ate, artumat rheumatism, varicose veins, gynecological maʻi, hemorrhoids, thrombophlebitis, stagnation o ke koko i ka pelvis liʻiliʻi.
Kū'ē
Horse chestnut huahana ua contraindicated i na keiki, wahine me ka menstrual irregularities, hapai a me ka lactation, kanaka e loaʻa ana i ke koko haʻahaʻa, atonic constipation, hypoacid gastritis, ilihune koko clotting.
ʻO nā mea maʻi me ka lawa ʻole o ke kōpaʻa e lawe ana i nā lāʻau chestnut e pono ai ka mālama olakino mau. Pono nā poʻe āpau e makemake e mālama ʻia me kēia mea kanu e hōʻoia i ke koko no prothrombin, a inā e emi ka heluhelu ʻana o kēia protein, a laila pono ʻoe e hoʻopau koke i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole pono e ʻoi aku i ke ana i koi ʻia o ka lāʻau lapaʻau infusion a i ʻole nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike ʻia nā holoholona e ʻānai i nā hua o ka chestnut, a ʻo ka hopena he lāʻau make nui. Pono pono ke kiaʻi i nā keiki, ʻoiai nā hua o kēia lāʻau e ʻai ʻole ʻia.
Nā Mea Hoʻohanohano
ʻO ka lāʻau chestnut kahiko kahi kumulāʻau e ulu ana ma Sisilia. ʻO ia nō hoʻi ka momona o ka honua. 58 kenimika ke anapuni o ka barela. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻepekema ke hoʻoholo i ka makahiki o ka lāʻau. Maliʻa he 2000-4000 kona mau makahiki. ʻO ka mea kanu kahiko a mānoanoa hoʻi i helu ʻia i ka puke Guinness.
Mālama ʻia ka ʻaha chestnut i Italia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I ka wā hoʻomaha, mālama ʻia nā mea kipa i nā kīʻaha i hana ʻia mai nā hua o ka mea kanu. I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei ua hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi o lākou i ka Guinness Book.
ʻO ka mea kuke o kekahi o nā hale ʻaina ʻItalia kaulana i hana i nā noodle palaoa chestnut 100 mau mika ka lōʻihi. Ua hana ka loea i ka lā holoʻokoʻa ma ka moʻolelo. Ua kāwili ponoʻī ʻo ia i ka palaoa a hana i nā noodles me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mīkini pasta kūikawā.
Ma hope iho, ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā noodles a hoʻolapalapa ʻia a hiki i al dente. ʻO nā mea kipa a pau o ka hoʻolauleʻa i mālama ʻia i ka pā. Ua makemake nui ka poʻe kipa a me nā luna kānāwai i ka noodle chestnut ʻai koke lākou i nā mea āpau me ka ʻole o ke kuhi.
Ma Geneva, no 2 mau kenekulia, aia kahi kuʻuna e haʻi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna e kahi palapala kūikawā ke pua ka lau mua ma ka "chestnut official" e ulu ana ma lalo o nā puka aniani o ka hale aupuni cantonal.
Wahi a nā helu helu, hoʻolaha pinepine ʻia ka puna ma Malaki, ʻoiai pinepine ma mua, a i ka makahiki 2002 ua pua ka chestnut ma Kēkēmapa 29. ʻO ka makahiki nui loa o ka makahiki 2006: ʻo ka mua, ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka puna ma Malaki, a laila hoʻi i ʻOkakopa, ʻoiai ka lāʻau pua hou.
I ka makahiki 1969, ua lilo ka chestnut i hōʻailona o Kiev - ma muli o ka ʻoluʻolu ke nānā aku, a me nā lau a me ka pua i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ke ʻano.