Kahiki

Description

ʻO ka raiki kekahi o nā kīʻaha ʻaoʻao kaulana loa o ka honua. Hāʻawi ka poʻe he nui i nā kumuwaiwai kūikawā i ka raiki, e noʻonoʻo nei he panacea ia no nā maʻi he nui. Akā pili nā pōmaikaʻi o kēia mau hua i nā kumu he nui, a ʻo kekahi ʻano e hōʻino paha i ke kino.

Ke mahi nei nā kānaka i ka laiki no 9 mau makahiki. Ua ʻike ʻia ma ʻEulopa i hoʻokahi tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a ua kapa ʻia ko mākou kūpuna "Saracen millet." Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea kāna ipu punahele ponoʻī: ka porridge waiū, ka pulukū, ka laiki crumbly me ka meli, pilaf, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. A ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau kīʻaha hiki ke loaʻa i kā mākou mau puke kuke a ke kupunawahine. No laila, ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i ka laiki e pili ana i kahi huahana i aloha nui ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia i ka moʻomeheu ʻEulopa.

Mōʻaukala

ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha i ʻōlelo lākou i kahi ʻāina hānau kahi i hānau ʻia ai a kahi i aloha nui ʻia ai. Hiki i ka mea like ke ʻōlelo ʻia no nā mea kanu a me nā pā. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka ʻāina hānau kuʻina o ka laiki ʻo Kina Kahina. ʻOiai kēia, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua hapakolu o ko ka honua heluna lehulehu i kapa aku i ka raiki kā lākou ipu punahele.

ʻAʻole i hiki koke mai ke aloha a puni ka ʻāina i kēia mau hua. E lanakila i ka minamina o ka lehulehu, ka raiki, e like me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, ua hele mai kahi lōʻihi a lōʻihi hoʻi.

Kaulana ia ma Kina a hiki i ka ʻekolu tausani mau makahiki BC; mai laila mai, hiki i India. Ma ke ala, na nā India mākou ʻaiʻē i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi laiki palaoa lōʻihi. A laila, ʻoiai ma mua o ko mākou au, ua lanakila ka laiki i ka pae ʻāina ʻAsia holoʻokoʻa.

ʻIke ʻia i ʻEulopa. ʻO ka laiki i hope ka inoa o Saracen palaoa, Saracen palaoa. Ma hope ma nā ʻōlelo ʻEulopa, ua like ia me Riis.

Ulu ka raiki ma ʻApelika Waena a me Hikina, Polenekia a me Melanesia, a me ʻEulopa Hema. I Sepania a me ʻItalia, ua kamaʻāina ka laiki mai ka wā mua o ka wā waena, ma Helene a me Albania, Yugoslavia a me Bulgaria - mai nā wā mamao loa hoʻi. Aia na mahiko ma Amerika. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ʻAsia ka mea i koe a nui ka wahi o ka mahi laiki.

Ma loko o ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi o kona hoʻomohala ʻana, ua loli ka laiki.

Ma mua o 20 mau ʻano botanical i ʻike ʻia ma luna o 150 mau ʻano, a me kekahi mau kaukani mahiʻai. Hoʻokaʻawale kēia ʻokoʻa i ʻelua mau hui nui: lōʻihi, lahilahi, cereal ʻikiʻī o nā kumu ʻInia a pōʻaiapuni, laiki pōkole o ko Iāpana kumu.

ʻO ka laiki keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele, poni, ʻulaʻula (ma ke ala, ʻoi loa ka momona), beige, melemele, ʻōpala. Akā exotic nō ia cereal no ko mākou wahi.

Nā ʻano laiki

Aia he ʻekolu ʻano laiki ma kā mākou mākeke i kēia lā: ʻeleʻele, ʻāhiu a ʻeleʻele paha, ʻaʻole i mae ʻia a ʻeleʻele paha, a keʻokeʻo maʻamau. Loaʻa ka nui o nā huaora i ka laiki ʻeleʻele hihiu.

I ka lua, he laiki pau ʻole ʻia; he kala ʻeleʻele kona mai ka mau ʻana o ka palaoa i kahi pūpū i waiwai i ka fiber a me nā wikamina.

Mālamalama pono ʻia ka cereal o ke kala keʻokeʻo, loaʻa kahi ʻikepili o ka nui o nā mea momona ma mua o kona "kaikuaʻana" ʻeleʻele, a ua parboiled ʻia ke koho "awelika", a he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele kona. Mālama ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea pono. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka nani o kona helehelena a kokoke i ka laiki keʻokeʻo.

Ka haku mele a me ka ʻike calorie

ʻO ka raiki kahi kumu huaola B (B1, B2, B3, B6), he mea nui ia no ka hana maʻamau o ka ʻōnaehana, no laila hiki ke noʻonoʻo pono ʻia ka laiki i meaʻai no ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana Central. Ma waena o nā minelala e waiwai ai kēia cereal, kū i waho ka potassium; i kahi liʻiliʻi, loaʻa i nā hua laiki i ka calcium, iodine, hao, zinc, phosphorus.

• Nā Proteins, 5.92 g,
• Momona, 1.53 g,
• ʻO nā haʻalula, 56.11

ʻO ka ʻike calorie o ka laiki, he 130 calories / 100 g

Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka laiki

Loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi o ka laiki i kāna haku ʻana, i hana ʻia me nā huʻohuhu paʻakikī (a i ka 80 pākēneka); ma kahi o 8 pākēneka o ka laiki hui e noho ʻia e nā pūhui protein (ʻewalu mau amino acid pono no ke kino o ke kanaka). Akā ʻo ka waiwai nui loa o kēia huahana ʻaʻole ia he gluten (kahi protein protein e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i nā hopena maʻi ʻino).

Aia kekahi fiber i loko o kēia mau hua, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi kāna ʻāpana - 3 wale nō pākēneka. ʻAʻole ākea ka vitamina a me ka mineral mineral o ka raiki, akā he mea nui ia no ke olakino.

'Speakslelo ka mea potassium kiʻekiʻe o ka laiki i kāna kuleana nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular. Ma waho aʻe, i ke komo ʻana i ke kino o ke kanaka, hele a pili ka palaoa me ka paʻakai e kū nei a kāpae i kāna mea i ʻoi aku. ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono ke kaulana ka papaʻai laiki no ka hemo ʻana i nā paʻakai mai nā hono i ka poʻeʻelemakule.

He mea maikaʻi nō hoʻi ka raiki i ke alo o nā maʻi puʻupaʻa a me nā ʻōnaehana mimi.

Lapaʻau lāhui

I ka lāʻau lāhui, hoʻohana ʻia ka wort raiki no ka pulumonia, nā maʻi pūpū, ʻeha puʻu, flu, a me kahi agena antipyretic.

ʻO kekahi o nā waiwai maikaʻi loa o ka laiki kona hopena enveloping. I ka manawa o ka ʻōpū, hoʻopuni mālie ia i kona mau paia a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hopena o ka membrane mucous e hoʻopili me ka wai gastric. He mea nui kēia waiwai no ka poʻe me ka acidity kiʻekiʻe o ka wai gastric a me ka poʻe e ʻeha nei i ka gastritis a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi ulcerative o ka mucosa gastric.

ʻO kekahi waiwai maikaʻi o ka laiki ke ʻimi nei i nā toxins i komo i ke kino a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka laiki ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe waiwai, hoʻihoʻi i ka makemake ma hope o ka hoʻolōʻihi a me nā maʻi nui, hoʻonui i ka hiamoe, hoʻonui i ka lactation i nā makuahine hānai, a hoʻopau i ka hanu maikaʻi ʻole.

Ma muli o kāna waiwai kūpono, paipai nā pediatric i ka laiki a puni ka honua e like me ka meaʻai kōkua mua loa no nā pēpē. Hiki ke hoʻolauna i ka porridge i ka papaʻai a ke keiki, e hoʻomaka ana mai nā mahina ʻeono. Loaʻa i kēia mau huaʻai nā waiwai pono a hoʻopōʻino hoʻi i ka manawa like; Loaʻa i kāna mau 'grains nā mea e kāohi i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū. No laila, ʻo ka wai laiki kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau "folk" ʻoi loa o ka lāʻau no ka maʻi diarrhea a me ka diarrhea mau.

ʻO ka mea mua, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka laiki. ʻO ka poʻe e ʻeha pinepine i ka luhi i nā ʻōpū e makaʻala i kēia cereal.

He mea kūpono nō hoʻi ia e hoʻomanaʻo i ka hōʻino a me nā pono e pili ana i kāna ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana: ʻo ka laiki keʻokeʻo kahi huahana i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, a ʻo ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana e alakaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes, maʻi maʻi maʻi, hypovitaminosis, a me ka kaupaona nui.

ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka huahana i ka wā o ka halihali ʻana i nā paʻa o ka moku kahi kuleana nui i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pōʻino o ka laiki: ua anai ʻia me ka hui ʻana o ka glucose a me ka talc a hoʻonui ʻia me nā huaola synthetic. Hāʻawi ʻo Talc i ka ʻōlinolino a me ka ʻōlinolino o waho, a hoʻomaikaʻi ka glucose i ka ʻono. No laila, e hoʻomālamalama i nā pilikia o ka hālāwai ʻana me ia huahana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koho ʻana i nā lama aloha i ka nohona (me nā mea kūloko)

5 Nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i ka laiki

1. Ua ʻōlelo nā ʻepekema Kepanī e hoʻonui ka cereal pala i ka ʻike a me ka hoʻomanaʻo.
2. I Kina, ua unuhi ʻia ka huaʻōlelo “haki i kahi pola laiki” ma ke ʻano he “haʻalele i ka hana.”
3. ʻO ia ka meaʻai nui o ka hapalua o ka heluna o ka honua, a lawe ʻia he 5,000 liters o ka wai e hana i 1 kilogram o ka cereal i hoʻoinu ʻia.
4. Ua like nā huaʻōlelo "ʻai" a me "raiki" i kekahi mau ʻōlelo ʻAsia, a ma ka ʻōlelo Kina, ua unuhi ʻia nā manaʻo o ka "ʻaina kakahiaka," "ʻaina awakea," a me "pāʻina" "laiki mua," "awakea," "lohi. ”
5. No ka manawa lōʻihi ma Iapana, ua hoʻohana nā wahine i kēia cereal a me ka laiki e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻohou i ka ʻili. ʻO ka palaoa, decoctions, a me ka gruel e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻili mai nā kiko makahiki a me nā freckles.

Ka hōʻino a me nā contraindications

He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i ka nui o nā calorie i ka laiki. A e noʻonoʻo ʻaʻole kēia kahi huahana papaʻai. Hoʻomaopopo i nā mea aloha i kēia cereal: 100 mau gram o ia mea he 350 calories. No laila, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka ʻai ʻana i ka laiki no ka pohō kaumaha.

A inā he mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe o kou kaupaona ma mua o ka maʻamau, contraindicated ka laiki.

Pākuʻi ʻia kēia cereal me ka ʻiʻo ma ka ʻōpū.
Kūkākūkā nā kauka no ka ʻai ʻana i ka laiki no ka colic ʻōpū a me ka paʻa paʻa.

Pehea e kuke ai i ka laiki

Hoʻomākaukau

Inā makemake ʻoe e kuke i ka laiki liʻiliʻi, holoi iā ia ma lalo o ka wai anuanu ma mua o ka kuke ʻana. E hoʻoneʻe kēia i ka starch nāna ke kuleana o ka palapū. E holoi i ka laiki ma kahi o ʻelima mau manawa a ʻoi paha ka holo a ka wai. ʻO ke ala kūpono e hana ai i kēia kaʻina hana me kahi kānana maikaʻi.

ʻO kekahi mau kīʻaha, e like me risotto, koi i ka laiki ʻai e kuke. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e holoi iā ia. Ma ke ʻano he koho hope loa, hiki iā ʻoe ke kaohi iā ʻoe iho i kahi holoi holoi holoi holoi holoʻokoʻa.

E kuke i ka laiki me ka wikiwiki, hiki iā ʻoe ke pulu iā ia no 30-60 mau minuke. A laila e hoʻemi ʻia ka manawa kuke e ʻaneʻane hapalua. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia hihia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka wai i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kuke ʻana.

Manaʻo nui ʻia ʻo ke kuke ʻana i kēia mau kumulāʻau pono ʻelua mau manawa i ka nui o ka wai. Akā he ʻāpana like kēia. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e ana i ka nui o ka wai ma muli o ke ʻano:

• palaoa loloa - 1: 1.5-2;
• palaoa waena - 1: 2-2.5;
• hua palaoa - 1: 2.5-3;
• māhu - 1: 2;
• palaunu - 1: 2.5-3;
• ka nahelehele - 1: 3.5.

E heluhelu pono i nā ʻōkuhi ma ka ʻōpala. ʻIke pololei ka mea hana i ka mea i hana ʻia ai ka laiki a hōʻike i ka nui o ka wai kūpono.

Pāʻina

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kuke i ka laiki i loko o ka ipu kuke me kahi lalo mānoanoa: kaʻana like ʻia kona mahana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kuke iā ia i kahi kōkō nui. Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia kahi ipu hao no ka pilaf.

Rula kuke

Inā kuke ʻoe i ka laiki i loko o ka ipu, lawe mai i ka wai paʻakai i kahi pala, a laila ninini i ka palaoa i loko. E hoʻowali iā ia i hoʻokahi manawa e pale aku i nā lūlū mai ka paʻa ʻana i lalo. A laila kali a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ipu e hoʻolapalapa, hoʻemi i ka wela i haʻahaʻa, a uhi i ka pā me kahi uhi.

Mai hāpai i ka poʻi i ka wā o ka kuke ʻana. Inā ʻole, e hoʻolōʻihi ka laiki i ka kuke ʻana. Inā makemake ʻoe e palupalu ka laiki, mai hoʻonāukiuki (koe wale nō ka manawa mua). Inā ʻole, e haki nā kīʻaha a hoʻokuʻu i ka starch.

ʻO ka manawa maʻamau no ka kuke ʻana, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano,

• keʻokeʻo - 20 mau minuke;
• parboiled - 30 mau minuke;
• palaunu - 40 minuke;
• hihiu - 40-60 minuke.

Ke mākaukau ka porridge, hemo iā ia mai ka wela a kū no 10 mau minuke. Inā loaʻa ka wai i ka laiki i hoʻopau ʻia, hoʻokahe iā ia a uhi paha i ka pā me kahi kāwele maloʻo: e komo ana ia i ka nui o ka wai.

Pehea e koho ai i ka raiki

Keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, a me nā holoholona hihiu - ʻano like me nā ʻano cereala ke ʻano o ka laiki wale nō. Pili pono ka hopena o ka pā i hoʻolālā ʻia i kona ʻano, ka lōʻihi, a me ke kala. Hoʻohālikelike kahi ʻano i koho pololei ʻia he 90% o ka kūleʻa i ka kuke ʻana i ka pilaf, sushi, a, ʻoiai, he porridge maʻamau. Inā, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻohe nīnau a ka poʻe maʻamau e pili ana i ka kuke ʻana i ka palaoa palaoa, ke hoʻohana nei kekahi mau mea kūʻai i nā inoa exotic e like me "arborio," "jasmine," a me "indica." Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā intricacies o ke koho raiki.

Lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi

Kūpono ka laiki hua liʻiliʻi (indica) no ka poʻe e kākoʻo i ka maʻalahi. ʻAʻole pili kēlā mau hua i ka wā o ka kuke ʻana a huli i nā ʻāpana. ʻOi aku ka pōkole a me ka ākea o ka palaoa waena ma mua o ka palaoa lōʻihi, a i ka wā o ka kuke ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai o ka wai, no laila pili pono kāna mau hua liʻiliʻi, akā i ka manawa like, ua palupalu ka pā. Kūpono kēia ʻano no nā hupa, pilaf, risotto, a me paella. ʻO ka lāhui i makemake nui ʻia i waena o ka poʻe kūloko ka palaoa āpau. Loaʻa i loko o kēia ka nui o ka starch, no laila he momona momona ke pau. Kūpono ka laiki āpau no ka hana sushi, pai, porridge viscous, puddings, casseroles.

Hiki i ka laiki ke lilo i ʻelua mau ʻano, anai ʻia a i ʻole ka paʻi ʻia. ʻO ka laiki i hoʻonani ʻia he palaoa i ihi ʻia. ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono ʻole ke kāʻili ʻana o nā mea pā o kahi ola olakino i kēia ʻano cereal. I ka ʻōlelo o ka ʻike o nā wikamina a me nā microelement, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā ʻano i hana ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka palaʻai kele ʻole, kahi e mālama ʻia ai ka pūpū, manaʻo ʻia he papaʻai papaʻai pono. Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia he ʻelua mau lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kuke ʻana i ka raiki i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia, a ʻoiai ma hope o ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ka wela, e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.

No nā mea āpau kona ʻano iho

I ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia ma mua o 20 ʻano nui o ka laiki a ʻoi aku ma mua o 150 mau ʻano. I ke kala, ʻo nā groats he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, a i ke ʻano; aia kekahi ʻulaʻula, poni, melemele, a me nā hua ʻeleʻele pū kekahi. E kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻano kaulana loa.

Basmati. Ma ka ʻōlelo Hindi, ka huaʻōlelo "basmati" ʻo ia hoʻi "ʻaʻala". He ʻano laiki laiki kēia e ulu ana ma India a me Pakistan. He ʻono momona momona ʻo Basmati, ʻaʻole pili pū i ka wā o ka kuke ʻana, a lilo ia i crumbly. ʻO kahi kīʻaha ʻaoʻao kūpono no ka hapanui o nā pā.

ʻO Jasmine. He ʻala ʻoluʻolu kēia ʻano cereal Thai e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā pua jasmine. Ua palupalu ka laiki keʻokeʻo, akā i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole e hoʻolapalapa kāna mau hua lōʻihi a mālama i ko lākou ʻano. Maikaʻi kēia mau groats no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā salakeke, nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao, a me nā meaʻai meaʻai.

Ulaʻula. I Palani, kahi e ulu ai kēia cereal, ua pili lōʻihi ia me kahi nāhelehele. Akā ma ʻAsia, he ʻano ʻokoʻa loa nā ʻano hua ʻulaʻula. Ma laila, waiwai kēia ʻano mai ka wā kahiko a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea pono loa. ʻAʻole hoʻolapalapa ka laiki ʻulaʻula a lawe i kahi ʻono momona i ka hopena o ka paila.

Tibeta ʻEleʻele. ʻO ka nāhelehele maoli (ʻeleʻele) he mauʻu bog maoli ia o ka ʻohana cereal. ʻO ʻAmelika ʻAmelika kona 'homeland, akā i kēia manawa ua makemake nui ʻia ka laiki ʻāhiu ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Ma waho aʻe o ka pae maʻamau o nā wikamina i ke ʻano o nā groats, waiwai nui kēia cereal i ka magnesium a me ka zinc, ka potassium, a me ka waikawa folic.

arborium. He waiwai kūikawā kā ka raiki arborio medium-grais: i ka wā o ka kuke ʻana, loaʻa iā ia kahi kūpaʻa momona a lawe i ka ʻono a me ka ʻala o nā mea āpau i loko o ka pā.

Camolino. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hua ʻAigupita nui a pōʻai me ka aila mea kanu, no laila loaʻa iā lākou kahi pale momi-cream. Ma hope o ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana, hoʻomau ka laiki i kona palupalu a me ka palapū, akā ʻaʻole pili pono nā hua. ʻO Sushi, porridge, a me nā mea ʻono lahilahi e hoʻohana i ka camolino.

Nā ʻano ʻē aʻe

Kepania. ʻO Bomba, Valencia, a me Calasparra nā ʻano maikaʻi loa. Hoʻomoʻa maikaʻi ʻo Пкфшты i ka wai a hoʻomau i ka crumbly. Hana ka laiki Sepania i ka paella ono a me ka pilaf.

Krasnodar. ʻO kēia palaʻai palaʻai ka mea akau o ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Maikaʻi ka laiki ʻo Krasnodar no ka hana ʻana i nā soups, sushi, puddings, a me nā sereala.

Uzbek no pilaf. Kaulana nā ʻano kaʻao o chungara, devzira, a me dastar-saryk no ka hana ʻana i pila pila maoli no ʻAsia. ʻO nā mānoanoa a me nā kaumaha o ka kirimalu, ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻulaʻula, ma muli o ka hana kūikawā ʻana, komo i ka nui o ka wai o ka momona a momona, a pala ka ipu.