ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

ʻO ke kaʻina hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā meaʻai Lūkini i hohola ʻia i mau kenekulia. I kēia manawa a i kēlā manawa, kū mai nā ʻōlelo o ia mea i nā makahiki o nā kenekulia a me nā palapala mōʻaukala like ʻole. Makemake nā mea kahiko e kākau e pili ana i kā lākou hana make ʻole. Ua noʻonoʻo pono nā Ethnographers iā ia. A ʻo nā mea āpau no ka mea he kumu a kūleʻa ia. Ke hōʻike nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana ʻaʻole wale i ke ola o ka poʻe a me nā loina akā ʻo ka mōʻaukala hoʻi. A i nā manawa āpau, hoʻomaikaʻi ia, hoʻopihapiha me nā hōʻaiʻe, a hoʻonui.

I kēia lā ka huaʻōlelo "Kuke Lūkia" e hui pū me ka sup cabbage, nā ʻikena crispy a me nā ʻalalā iʻohi ʻia, "kulebyaka" a me nā pai, a me nā kī ʻokoʻa mai ka Samovar.

Akā ʻo 1000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua akahai iki nā mea āpau ...

Mōʻaukala hoʻomohala

Hoʻomaopopo nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā hanana he 4 o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā meaʻai Lūkini, a he ʻano ponoʻī ko kēlā me kēia. ʻO:

  1. 1 Lūkini kahiko, e hoʻomaka ana mai nā kenekulia IX-XVI;
  2. ʻO Moscow kahiko - ua hāʻule ia i ke kenekulia XVII;
  3. 3 Petrovsky-Ekaterininsky - pili i ke kenekulia XVIII;
  4. 4 Petersburg - hoʻohui i ka hopena o nā kuʻuna o ke kenekulia XVIII a mau a hiki i nā 60 o ka XIX.
ʻO ka wā Lūkini kahiko

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

Ma muli o ka palaoa a me ka palaoa i hoʻomalu ʻia. Ua mahalo nui ka poʻe Lūkini kahiko i ka pancakes, ka palaoa jelly, a me ka rai pies. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā huaʻai, nā huaʻai, nā halo, nā ʻano ʻano ʻiʻo a me nā iʻa, nā porridge i hoʻopiha ʻia. I kēlā manawa, hoʻokipa ka poʻe i nā malihini aloha me ka popo berena a me ka paʻakai.

Ma ke ala, he porridge ia ma Rūsia i manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona o ka pōmaikaʻi. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "porridge" i pili i nā ʻahaʻaina male Lūkini kahiko. Ma nā papa o nā Lūkini, aia mau ka buckwheat, ka bale, ka palaoa momi, ka oatmeal, ka oatmeal, a me ka porridge millet.

Hoʻohui ʻia me ia, ʻo ka papaʻai o ia manawa ka nui o nā mea kanu - kāpiki, turnip, radishes, pī, kukama. Maʻaneʻi makemake lākou e ʻahaʻaina i nā hua a me nā hua. Ma waho o ia mau mea, ua mālama nui ʻia ka meli ma waena o ka niho ʻono, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā kānaka i nā syrup a me nā jam. ʻOiai, ua hoʻomoʻa nā kahu hānai me lākou.

Mai ka kenekulia XI i hoʻohana ai nā Lūkini i nā mea ʻala: ka lau bay a me ka pepa ʻeleʻele, nā koloka, nā ʻōlapa, nā kāleka, a me ka saffron.

A hiki i ka XVII-th kenekulia ma aneʻi, ʻaʻole ʻai lākou i ka ʻiʻo a me ka waiū. A inā lākou i hana, a laila hana lākou i ka sup cabbage a me gruel mai kaʻiʻo. Ua inu lākou i ka waiū i hoʻomoʻa ʻia a maka ʻia paha, hana ʻia i ka holika ʻawaʻawa a me ka tī liʻiliʻi mai laila mai, a ʻike ʻole e pili ana i ka kalima a me ka waiūpaka kokoke a hiki i ka makahiki XVI-th

Ma kahi o ka manawa like, ua kū mai nā inu Lūkini lāhui - kvass, sider, a me nā hops. I ka 1284 hana nā mea hana pia i ka pia no ka manawa mua. A i ke kenekulia XV, ua hana ʻia ka vodka Lūkini maoli mai ka palaoa rai.

I nā kenekulia XVI-XVII, waiwai ka meaʻai Lūkini kahiko me nā noodles a me nā dumplings, e hōʻaiʻē iā lākou mai nā lāhui o ʻAsia.

ʻO Moskov-kahiko

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

Ua mahele ʻia ka maʻaʻai i ka kenekulia XVII i loko o kahi i makemake ka poʻe kamaʻāina e ʻike a ʻo ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe maʻamau. A inā ma mua wale nō kēia mau ʻokoʻa i ka helu o nā pā, i kēia manawa ua nānā nui lākou i ka maikaʻi. A ʻo nā mea āpau no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kīʻaha hou a me nā loina culinary e komo i loko o ka meaʻai maʻamau.

Mai ia manawa mai, ua hoʻomaka ka hōʻike ʻana o ka ʻiʻo i hoʻomoʻa ʻia, i manaʻo ʻia he ʻono ʻole ma ka papa ʻaina hanohano. A ʻo ka ham, ka puaʻa, ka pīpī korned, hipa hānai, pāʻani, a me nā moa. I ka manawa like, ʻono ʻia ka hodgepodge, pickle, a me nā mea leʻaleʻa maʻamau e like me ka iʻa iʻa, nā iʻa paʻakai, ka caviar ʻeleʻele.

Ma waho aʻe o kēia, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe Lūkini e hōʻaiʻē ikaika i nā huahana Astrakhan a me Kazan khanates, Siberia a me Bashkiria, i hui pū me ka mokuʻāina. ʻO kēia nā huawaina, nā fiku, nā meloni a me nā meloni, nā apricots, nā lemona, a me ke kī. (ʻOiai ke ʻōlelo nei kekahi mau kumu, ua kaulana nā lemona ma kekahi mau ʻāina mai ka XI-th century.) A hoʻomaka nā mea hoʻokipa hoʻokipa e hoʻohana i nā ʻano meaʻai no nā paʻi ʻono, nā berena, nā ʻano jams a me nā marshmallows apple. Wahi a kekahi mau hōʻike, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka mea hope ma kekahi mau wahi o Rūsia mai ka makahiki XIV.

No laila, he mea kupaianaha ka kenekulia XVII e ka ulu ʻana o nā meaʻai Lūkini kuʻuna a me ka maʻalahi o ka mahiʻai a ka mahiʻai.

ʻO Petrovsko-Ekaterininsky

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

Ma hope o ka wā kahiko o Moscow, ua hoʻomaka kahi au hou - ke au o Peter the Great. He ʻokoʻa ia mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma muli o kāna ʻaiʻē ʻana i nā moʻomeheu kuʻuna Western. A i kēia manawa, lawe pinepine nā aliʻi i nā huahana o nā ʻāina ʻē a me nā meaʻai o nā kīʻaha a "kau inoa" i nā chefs haole. Hoʻonui lākou i ka meaʻai Lūkini me nā pies, casseroles, rolls, a me nā ʻokiʻoki, hoʻohui iā ia me ka waiu ʻike ʻole ʻia, nā mea kanu, a me nā soup mashed a hoʻonani me nā sandwiches, pata, a me nā cheese Dutch a me Farani maoli.

Ua hoʻololi lākou i ka inoa o ka "sup" Lūkini mua me ka "sup" a aʻo pehea e lawelawe pono ai - i nā ipu hao a i nā ipu hao hao.

ʻO ka meaʻai ʻo Petersburg

Ua kūlike kēia wā me ka puka ʻana o ka "puka aniani iā ​​ʻEulopa." Ma o ia mea, ua hoʻomaka nā kīʻaha Palani, Kelemania, ʻItalia a me Hōlani e komo i ka meaʻai Lūkini. I waena o lākou: nā ʻoki a me ka iwi ʻole, nā escalope, ka entrecote, nā steak, kaʻuala a me nā kīʻaha kōmato, i lawe wale ʻia mai i kēlā manawa, a me nā sausages a me nā omelet.

I ka manawa like, hoʻomaka lākou e nānā kūikawā i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka papa ʻaina a me ka hoʻonaninani ʻana i nā ipu iā lākou iho. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, nui nā salakeke, nā kīʻaha ʻaoʻao, a ʻo vinaigrette nō hoʻi i ʻike ʻia i ke kaʻina hana o ke kāʻei ʻana i kēia mea noʻeau.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia au ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻohana ai nā aliʻi i nā meaʻai māmā like ʻole. ʻO ka iʻa, ka ʻiʻo, ka moa, a me nā kīʻaha mea kanu i hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui i ka meaʻai Lūkini a hana i mea waiwai nui a ʻoi aku ka ʻono.

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini: ko mākou mau lā

I nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, ua waiwai wale ka meaʻai kuʻuna Lūkini. Ua ʻike ʻia nā mea kālena kālena, nona ka inoa i kaulana loa ma ʻō aku o nā palena o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka huakaʻi ʻana a puni ka honua, haku lākou i nā ʻenehana culinary hou loa, mahalo i hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻomākaukau i nā kīʻaha ʻokoʻa a me nā kumu maoli. A hoʻohui i ka incompatible i kēlā me kēia o lākou. ʻO kahi laʻana, ka ʻaikalima mai Borodino berena, foie gras borscht me ka flambé, salakeke cocktail, keiki hipa me ka ʻono kvass, ʻāʻī crayfish me ka caviar mea kanu, a pēlā aku.

ʻO ka zest o ka ʻaina Lūkini

Ua hōʻaiʻē ka meaʻai Lūkini Lūkini i nā kīʻaha hou a me nā kuʻina culinary i nā ʻāina ʻē no nā kenekulia he nui. Akā hoʻi, ʻaʻole kēia i pale iā ia mai ka hoʻokaʻawale kūʻokoʻa a me ke kumu. I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā ʻoki momona, entrecote, a me julienne, ʻaʻole i loli ka poʻe Lūkini i kā lākou ʻano maʻamau.

A ʻaʻole lākou i hāʻawi i nā cereal a me nā sopa, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa i ka manawa. ʻAʻole ia i loli i ke kuʻuna o ka lawelawe ʻana i nā meaʻai. E like me ka mea ma mua, no ka mea mua, lawelawe lākou i nā kīʻaha wela - soups, borscht, hodgepodge, a me ka sup cabbage. No ka lua - kahi ipu ʻaoʻao me kaʻiʻo a iʻa paha. A i ke kolu - kahi mea inu momona - wai, compote, inu hua a kī paha. A noho ʻo ia kekahi o nā lāhui hoʻokipa nui loa ma ka honua.

ʻO nā ala nui o ka kuke ʻana i ka meaʻai Lūkini:

No ka waiwai a me ka ʻano like ʻole o ka meaʻai Lūkini, hoʻokumu ʻia ia i nā ipu kuʻuna i ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia kihi o ka hona, ʻo ia hoʻi:

Kāpena kāpeti.

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

ʻLelo lākou ua ʻike ʻia kēia ipu ma Rūsia i ke kenekulia IX-th, i ka manawa like me ke kāpeti. He hupa kulu maha ia. Kāpena kohu i loko o ka sorrel, hou a sauerkraut paha, ʻiʻo (i kekahi manawa he iʻa a i ʻole mau ʻalalā), nā mea ʻala, a me nā kapa ʻawaʻawa e pili ana i ka kirimona kawa a i ʻole ka cabine. I loko o kona ola ʻana, ʻaʻole i loli ka ʻano o kāna haku ʻana, koe wale nō ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻaʻala o nā mea ʻala no ka cab cabbage.

Kulebyak.

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

ʻOkoʻa ia mai nā pai maʻamau i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi hoʻopihapiha paʻakikī - mai 2 a i 4 mau ʻano o ka ʻiʻo moa, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā pancakes lahilahi. Eia kekahi, ua like kona nui me ka hapa o ka nui o ka palaoa. ʻO nā kulebyaki mua i hana ʻia mai ka palaoa hū a me nā papa o ke kāpena, nā hua manu, ka porridge buckwheat, nā iʻa i hoʻolapalapa ʻia, nā ʻaka, a me nā ʻalalā hoʻi a hoʻonani ʻia i ka hanohano a me ka poʻe papaʻaina maʻamau.

Pahu.

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

ʻO kahi kīʻaha hoʻomanaʻo kahi porridge i hana ʻia mai ka palaoa a i ʻole ka laiki me ka meli, nā hua popa, nā hua puaʻa, a me ka waiū. Hoʻomākaukau a lawelawe ʻia i ka pō o ke Kalikimaka a me Epiphany, i kekahi manawa i kahi hoʻomanaʻo. Ua hoʻi ʻo Kutia i kona aʻa i nā lā paganism ke hoʻohanohano ʻia ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o nā kūpuna me kāna kōkua. Ma ke ala, i Rūsia, loaʻa i kekahi porridge ka inoa lua ka "mua" o ka berena.

Noodles

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

He pasta ʻaiʻē lākou i makemake nui ʻia a puni ka honua, e like me Russia. ʻO nā noodles mua loa he Pake. Ua ʻike ʻia lākou i ka makahiki II milenio BC.

kissel

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

ʻO kēia inu ma ka liʻiliʻi he 1000 mau makahiki. I ka mua, hana ʻia mai ka oats a i ʻole ka palaoa, ma hope mai nā hua. Hōʻike pū ʻia kekahi mau mea hoʻomanaʻo nona e pili ana i ka moʻolelo o nā makahiki i hala.

I ke kenekulia X. I ka wā o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana iā Belgorod, ua hoʻomaka ka wī ma ke kūlanakauhale. A i ka manawa i hoʻoholo ai nā kamaʻāina e hāʻawi pio, ua kauoha kekahi lunakahiko e ʻike i nā koena o ka palaoa a me ka palaoa, e hana i nā jelly mai iā lākou a ninini iho i loko o kahi pahu i ʻeli ʻia i kahi pae pono me ka lepo. Ua ninini lākou i ka meli uzvar i loko o kahi paila ʻē aʻe. A laila ua kono lākou i kekahi mau mea lanakila e ʻono i nā mea ʻono mai nā luawai. I kekahi mau lā ma hope, ua hoʻi hope lākou, e hoʻoholo ana ua hānai ʻo Mother Earth i ka poʻe Lūkini.

Ukha

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

He ipu iʻa wela. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia wahi kā lākou papa kuhikuhi ponoʻī no kāna hoʻomākaukau. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma Don, makemake lākou i ka sup iʻa me nā tumato.

Stroganina

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

ʻO kahi kīʻaha i hana ʻia mai nā iʻa maka maka, i hoʻomoʻa wale ʻia, i lawelawe ʻia i nā shavings me ka hui ʻana o ka paʻakai a me ka pepa. Kaulana loa ia ma Siberia.

Salivā Olivier

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

ʻO ia kahi kīʻaha Makahiki Hou i kapa ʻia ma hope o Lucien Olivier, nāna i hana. ʻO ka papa kuʻuna Lūkini kahi o ka sausage o "Doctor's", kaʻuala i hoʻolapalapa ʻia, nā hua hua i kuke ʻia, nā kukama, nā peʻa ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā kāloti paila, ka mayonnaise, a me nā mea kanu.

ʻO Tea mai kahi samovar.

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

ʻLelo lākou he ʻono kūikawā kēlā me kēia inu, a loaʻa iā lāua ʻelua mahalo i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka samovar ponoʻī, mahalo i ka lokahi o ka ʻohana, i ʻākoakoa i ka gazebo a i ka veranda e ʻono ai.

Kāleʻa

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

ʻO nā pai bakena me nā ʻano hoʻopiha like ʻole - iʻa, ʻiʻo, kāloti, hua manu, ʻaka, a me ka laiki a me nā puka liʻiliʻi ma luna.

ʻO nā mushroom pickled a me nā pickles

He mea ʻono lākou i noho ai no nā kenekulia he nui.

ʻO Vinaigrette

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

ʻO ia kahi kīʻaha Lūkini āpau i hana ʻia mai nā beets, kaʻuala, kāloti, peas ʻōmaʻomaʻo, pickles, aniani, aila mea kanu, a me nā mea ʻala, ʻoiai ua noi ʻia.

Mauʻu palaoa

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

ʻO kēia nā huahana palaoa i puka mai i ka wā kahiko o Rūsia.

ʻO Apple marshmallow i ka meaʻai Russia

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

He mea ʻono ia i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ka XIV-th kenekulia me ka meli a me nā ʻāpala. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou ʻia nā loina hou a loaʻa paha i ka kinamona, nā hua, a pēlā aku.

Mālama ʻia ka palaoa a me ka paʻakai.

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

He ʻano hōʻailona o ka meaʻai Russia. I kēia lā kū no ka hoʻokipa. A i ka wā kahiko, pili ia i ke ʻano kilokilo. Hoʻomaopopo ka berena i ka waiwai a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻohana, a pale ka paʻakai iā ia mai nā pilikia a me nā wā maikaʻi ʻole. 

Pā.

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he kīʻaha aupuni kēia o ka meaʻai Russia. Ma mua, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea kanu; ma hope, ua hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻohui i kaʻiʻo iā ia. I kēia lā, nui ka nui o nā soups no kēlā me kēia ʻono.

Mele Mele

ʻO ka meaʻai Lūkini

He ʻano pickles homemade kēia. Kaulana lākou i nā kenekulia i hala.

ʻO Sauerkraut kahi ipu i loaʻa mai ka fermentation o kāpī. Manaʻo ka poʻe ua mālama ʻia nā mea pono āpau i loko.

Nā waiwai kūpono o ka meaʻai Russia

No ka nui o nā soup a me nā cereals, ua manaʻo ʻia ka meaʻai Lūkini kekahi o nā mea olakino. He kūpono ia no nā mea ʻai meaʻai a mahalo ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ma waho aʻe, hoʻohana nui ʻo ia i nā makana āpau o ke ʻano - nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai, aia kēlā me kēia mea i ka nui o nā mea pono. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi wahi kūikawā i nā huahana waiū fermented a me nā mea inu ʻono - compotes, jelly, a me nā wai.

I kēia lā ka 71 mau makahiki ke ola o nā Lūkini he XNUMX mau makahiki, a, e like me ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo o nā sociologists, hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana.

Hoihoi e ʻike:

  • Ua ʻike ʻia nā papa i Lūkia i ke kenekulia XNUMXth. Ma mua o kēlā, hāʻawi ʻia nā meaʻai wai i loko o hoʻokahi pola nui, kahi i ʻai ai ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka meaʻai mānoanoa, a me ka ʻiʻo a me ka iʻa, aia ma ka piko o nā ʻāpana berena nui.
  • Ua ukali maoli lākou i nā lula o ka noho ʻana ma ka papa ʻaina
  • . I ka wā o ka pāʻina ʻai, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke ʻakaʻaka a ʻōlelo nui a kiola i ka meaʻai. Ma hope aku, aia hoʻokahi wehewehe - ka mahalo o ka Lūkini no ka meaʻai.
  • Noho kahi umu Lūkini maoli i kahi wahi kūikawā i ka meaʻai Russia. Loaʻa iā ma kahi o 3000 mau makahiki, ua hoʻokele ia i nā hana he nui. Hoʻomoʻa lākou i ka meaʻai i loko, hoʻomoʻa i ka pia a me kvass, nā hua maloʻo no ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomoana nā hale me ia, hiamoe ma luna, a i kekahi manawa pū kekahi i ka pahuahi nui, e like me ka ʻauʻau.
  • ʻO ka umu ka mea i hāʻawi i nā pā o nā meaʻai Lūkini i kahi ʻono ʻokoʻa. Ua nānā lākou i kahi hoʻomehana wela i loko o ia a me ka hoʻomehana like ʻana mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau. E nānā pono i ke ʻano o nā pā - nā ipu lepo pālolo a me ka hao hao, ʻokoʻa ia i ka sizek lalo a me ka ʻāʻī. Hāʻawi ka mea hope loa i ka ʻono maikaʻi loa, ʻala kupaianaha, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā mea pono āpau i kuke ʻia.
  • I nā lā kahiko, uhi mau ʻia ka papa ʻaina Lūkia me ka papa keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a hoʻonani ʻia me ka berena a me ka paʻakai. He ʻano hōʻailona ia e hoʻokipa ana nā malihini i ka hale.
ʻO nā meaʻai Lūkini Lūkini he 15 e pono ai e hoʻāʻo

E ʻike pū i ka meaʻai o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe:

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