Contents
Description
ʻO ka paʻakai ka huahana waiwai loa o ke kai i hana ʻia e ke ʻano, i mālama ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka honua i kona ʻano kumu, aia ma laila no nā miliona mau makahiki, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā huahana o ka hana a ke kanaka a me nā hopena technogenic ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā kumuwaiwai hiki ke loaʻa a momona loa o nā kumumanaʻo ka paʻakai o ke kai a me kāna waihona i ke ʻano o ka paʻakai paʻakai. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā waihona i ke ʻano o ka mineral halite i loko o kahi waiwai inorganic NaCl (sodium chloride) a me nā hoʻokomo ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe maoli, i ʻike maka ʻia e like me nā ʻāpana me nā aka o "hina".
ʻO NaCl kahi mea waiwai i loaʻa i ke koko o ke kanaka. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo 0.9% sodium chloride aqueous solution ma ke ʻano he "solution saline".
ʻO Sodium chloride, i kamaʻāina iā mākou ma ke ʻano he paʻakai, he mea nui ia no ka hana kūpono o ke kino o ke kanaka. ʻO ka pā paʻakai kahi paʻa paʻa o ko mākou kino, e like me ka wai.
Hoʻopili ʻia i loko o nā hana biochemical he nui i ke kino. ʻAʻole hana ʻia ka paʻakai e ko mākou kino a no waho mai. Aia i loko o ko mākou kino ma kahi o 150-300 mau huna o ka paʻakai, kekahi o lākou e excreted i kēlā me kēia lā me nā kaʻina excretion.
I mea e hoʻopiha ai i ke kaulike paʻakai, pono e hoʻopiha i ka nalo o ka paʻakai, ʻo ka helu o kēlā me kēia lā he 4-10 mau gram, e hilinaʻi ana i kēlā me kēia ʻano. ʻO kahi laʻana, me ka hoʻonui i ka sweating (ke pāʻani i nā haʻuki, i ka wela), pono e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka lawe paʻakai, a me kekahi mau maʻi (diarrhea, fever, etc.).
Hoʻolālā paʻakai
ʻO nā keu pono o ka paʻakai
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻole o ka paʻakai i loko o ke kino nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole: kū ka hoʻohou hou a me ka palena o ko lākou ulu ʻana, a laila hiki ke alakaʻi i ka make ʻana o ka cell Hoʻoikaika ka ʻono paʻakai i ka salivation, a he mea nui ia no ka ʻai o ka meaʻai.
Ma waho o ka lawaiʻa, ʻo ka sodium a me ka chlorine kekahi i loko o ka wai pancreatic, bile a pili i ka digestion ma nā pae like ʻole. Paipai ka sodium i ka omo ʻana o nā mea kōpaka, a me ka māʻamaʻā, ma ke ʻano o ka waikawa hydrochloric, e hoʻonui i ka digestion o nā protein.
Eia kekahi, kākoʻo ka sodium chloride i ka metabolism ikehu ma loko o nā hunaola. Hoʻoponopono ka paʻakai i ka holo o nā wai i ke kino, he kuleana no ka lahilahi o ke koko a me ka lymph, a me ka hemo ʻana o carbon dioxide. He mea nui ka paʻakai i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kahe o ke koko, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ia mea e hoʻopiʻi ʻia i ka paʻakai.
ʻOiai ka hana nui o ka sodium chloride no ko mākou kino, loaʻa pū kekahi i nā mea maikaʻi ʻole. He mea nui ka paʻakai i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kahe o ke koko, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ia mea e hoʻopiʻi ʻia i ka paʻakai. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka paʻakai nui i nā hono, i nā puʻupaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka paʻakai i loko o ke koko e kōkua i ka ulu ʻana o atherosclerosis.
Ka hoʻoulu paʻakai
Hana ka ʻoihana i ka paʻakai pākaukau, maikaʻi, crystalline, paila, lepo, lumpy, pala, a me ka palaoa. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakai paʻakai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka sodium chloride i loaʻa a me nā mea liʻiliʻi wai-insoluble. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka paʻakai o ka paʻakai o ka ʻai kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka paʻakai haʻahaʻa.
Akā ʻaʻole pono i ka paʻakai o kēlā ʻano kēia ʻano i nā haumia haole i ʻike maka ʻia e ka maka, a ʻo ka ʻono e paʻakai wale nō, me ka ʻawahia a me ka awahia. ʻO ka paʻakai kai kekahi o nā ʻano paʻakai olakino e waiwai ai nā minelala. Inā ʻoe e mālama i kou olakino, pono ia e ʻai i kēia ʻano laha. ʻO ka paʻakai kūlohelohe ʻole - waiwai i ka iodine, ka luaipele, hao, potasiuma a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Aia kekahi ʻano paʻakai e like me ka papaʻai. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hōʻemi sodium, akā hoʻohui ʻia ka magnesium a me ka potassium, he mea nui ia no ka hana piha o ka naʻau a me nā kīʻaha koko. ʻO ka paʻakai keu kahi ʻano paʻakai "kūpikipiki", no ka mea ʻaʻohe ona mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka sodium chloride paʻa. Pau nā mea kikoʻī āpau e like me ka hopena o ka evaporation o ka wai mai iā ia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka soda.
ʻO ka paʻakai iodised
Pono ka paʻakai iodised i kahi kūkā ʻokoʻa. ʻAʻohe ʻāina ma Lūkia kahi e hōʻike ʻole ʻia ai ka heluna kanaka i ka makaʻu o ka hoʻomōhala ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi iodine. ʻO ka moku ʻo Chelyabinsk kahi wahi endemik (kahi wahi me ka iodine haʻahaʻa i loko o ka lepo, ka wai, nā meaʻai kūloko).
No nā makahiki he ʻumi, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hanana o ka iodine hemahema. I kēia lā, ʻo ke ala hilinaʻi a maʻalahi hoʻi e pale pono ai i ka hemahema o ke iodine ka iodization o ka paʻakai paʻakai. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o kēia ʻano hana ʻo ka mea kokoke i nā poʻe āpau ke hoʻopau i ka paʻakai ma loko o ka makahiki. Eia kekahi, he huahana liʻiliʻi ka paʻakai i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka heluna kānaka.
Maʻalahi ke kiʻi ʻana i ka paʻakai iodized: hoʻohui i ka potassium iodide i ka paʻakai meaʻai maʻamau i ka lakio paʻa. Me ka mālama ʻana, e emi mālie ka ʻike iodine i ka paʻakai iodised. ʻO ke ola o kēia paʻakai he ʻeono mahina. Ma hope o kēlā, lilo ia i paʻakai pākaukau maʻamau. E mālama i ka paʻakai iodized i kahi maloʻo a i loko o kahi ipu paʻa paʻa.
mō'aukala
Ua hoʻomālamalama ka lapalapa o ke ahi i ka puka o ke ana, nā pōhaku a me nā lālā o nā lāʻau e kau ana ma luna ona. E noho ana nā poʻe a puni ke ahi. Ua uhi ʻia ko lākou kino i ka ʻili holoholona. ʻO nā kakaka, nā pua lūlū a me nā koʻi pōhaku e moe kokoke ana i nā kāne. Ua hōʻiliʻili nā keiki i nā lālā a hoʻolei iā lākou i loko o ke ahi. Hoʻomaʻa nā wahine i ka pāʻani ʻili hou ma luna o ke ahi, a luhi nā kāne i ka hopu holoholona, ʻai i kēia ʻiʻo kālua ʻia, kāpī ʻia me ka lehu, me nā lānahu e pili ana iā ia.
ʻAʻole ʻike ka poʻe i ka paʻakai, a makemake lākou i ka lehu, kahi i ʻono ai a ʻono hoʻi i ka ʻiʻo.
ʻAʻole nō i ʻike ka poʻe i ka hana ʻana i ke ahi i kēia manawa: hiki wale mai ia iā lākou mai kahi lāʻau i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka uila a i ʻole mai ka pele ʻulaʻula o kahi lua pele. Ma ka lohi, ua aʻo lākou i ka mālama ʻana i nā lānahu, nā peahi peahi, a aʻo ʻia e kālua i ka ʻiʻo ma ke kau ʻana ma ka lāʻau a paʻa i ke ahi. Ua huli ʻaʻole hoʻopōʻino koke ka ʻiʻo inā maloʻo ʻo ia i ke ahi, a lōʻihi nō ke lōʻihi inā kau ʻia i ka uahi no kekahi manawa.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka paʻakai a me ka hoʻomaka o kāna hoʻohana ʻana he au ia o ke ʻano like me ka ʻike o ke kanaka me ka mahiʻai. ʻAneʻane like me ka unuhi ʻana o ka paʻakai, ua aʻo ka poʻe e ʻohiʻohi palaoa, lūlū i nā wahi o ka ʻāina a ʻohi i ka hua mua ...
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻeli ʻana e pili ana nā mines paʻakai kahiko ma nā kūlanakauhale Slavic o ka ʻāina Galician a me Armenia. Ma aneʻi, i nā hoʻolaha kahiko, ʻaʻole wale nā hamare pōhaku, nā koʻi lipi a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe i ola a hiki i kēia lā, akā me nā kākoʻo lāʻau o nā mines a me nā ʻeke ʻili, kahi i lawe ʻia ai ka paʻakai 4-5 tausani mau makahiki i hala. Hoʻopiha ʻia kēia mau mea āpau me ka paʻakai a no laila hiki ke ola a hiki i kēia lā.
I ka lanakila ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale, ka ʻāina, ka poʻe, pāpā aku ka poʻe Roma i nā koa, ma ka ʻeha o ka make, e kūʻai aku i ka paʻakai, nā mea kaua, kahi pōhaku a me ka palaoa i ka ʻenemi pio.
Heʻuʻuku ka paʻakai maʻEulopa i mahalo nui ʻia ka poʻe paʻakai e ka lehulehu a kapa ʻia lākou he "hānau hānau", a ʻo ka hana paʻakai i manaʻo ʻia he hana "laʻa"
Ua kāhea ʻo "paʻakai" i ka uku o nā koa Roma, a mai kēia mai ka inoa o ke kālā liʻiliʻi: ma Italia "soldi", ma Palani "paʻa" a me ka huaʻōlelo Farani "saler" - "uku"
I ka 1318, hoʻolauna ka Mōʻī Philip V i kahi ʻauhau paʻakai i nā kūlanakauhale nui he ʻumikūmālua ma Palani. Mai ia manawa mai, ʻae ʻia e kūʻai i ka paʻakai wale nō i nā hale kūʻai o ka mokuʻāina i hoʻonui ʻia ke kumukūʻai. Ua pāpā ʻia ka poʻe noho kahakai mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai kai ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka uku. Ua pāpā ʻia ka poʻe kamaʻāina o nā wahi saline e hōʻiliʻili i nā mea kanu paʻakai a paʻakai.