Contents
Description
Waina (lat. ʻO Vinum) he mea inu lama i hana ʻia e ka fermentation kūlohelohe o nā hua waina a i ʻole nā wai huaʻai ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ikaika o ka inu ma hope o ka fermentation ma kahi o 9-16.
I nā ʻano ikaika, loaʻa ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe iā lākou e ka hoʻowī ʻana i ka waina me ka waiʻona i ka pākēneka i makemake ʻia.
ʻO ka waina ka mea inu lama mua loa. Nui nā kaʻao o ka mea inu o ka mea inu, i hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā moʻolelo o Greek Greek, Ancient Roman, a me Persian mitology. Manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema he nui ka pili ʻana o ka winemaking a me ka ulu ʻana o ka nohona kanaka.
ʻO ka mea inu kahiko i ola i ke ʻano o nā koena fossilized mai ka makahiki 5400-5000 BC. Loaʻa iā ia e nā archeologists i ka panalāʻau hou o Caucasus.
ʻEnehana hana
Hoʻololi ka ʻenehana o ka inu i nā manawa āpau. Ua hana ʻia a hiki i ka wehewehe pono ʻana o nā mea hana i nā pae nui. ʻOkoʻa ke kaʻina hana o ka waina keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻulaʻula.
ʻulaʻula
No laila hana nā mea hana waina ʻulaʻula mai nā hua waina ʻulaʻula. Hōʻiliʻili lākou i nā hua waina makua a hele i waena o ka crusher, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai nā kualono kūikawā i nā hua a me nā lālā. I kēia ʻoki ʻana, pono e paʻa ka iwi. Inā ʻole, e tart loa ka inu. A laila nā hua waina ʻāpala a me ka hū e waiho ai lākou i nā ipu kūikawā kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka fermentation. Ma hope o 2-3 mau pule, hoʻemi ka ikaika o ka fermentation, a hōʻea ka waiʻona i ka nui. I ka lawa ʻole o ke kō kūlohelohe i nā hua waina - hoʻohui nā mea hana i ke kō maoli. I ka hopena o ka fermentation, ninini lākou i ka waina, kaomi a kānana i ka pōpō.
Hiki i nā mea hana waina ʻōpio ke ʻōmole i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻO ka hopena kahi inoa liʻiliʻi o ka waina. ʻO nā momi ʻoi aku pipiʻi, lilo lākou i ʻelemakule i nā pahu lāʻau ʻoka i loko o ke keʻena ma kahi o 1-2 mau makahiki. I loko o kēia wā, hoʻopau ka waina a kū i ka lalo o ka sediment. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā mea inu maikaʻi maikaʻi loa i nā barela, hoʻonui mau lākou a hoʻololi i kahi pahu hou e hoʻomaʻemaʻe mai ka sediment. ʻO kahi mea inu waina i hiki i ka kānana hope loa a me ka ʻōmole ʻana.
Keʻokeʻo
No ka hana ʻana o ka waina keʻokeʻo, ʻili lākou i nā hua o nā hua waina ma mua o ke kaʻina fermentation, a no ka hoʻokomo ʻana, hoʻohana wale lākou i ka wai decanted me ka ʻānai ʻole. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻelemakule o ka waina keʻokeʻo ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1.5 mau makahiki.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kō i loko o ka waina a me kona ikaika, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau mea inu i ka papa, ikaika, ʻono, a me nā sparkling.
Hana nā kānaka i nā waina ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua, akā ʻo nā mea kūʻai aku i ʻelima o ka waina me Farani, Italia, Sepania, USA, Argentina.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēlā me kēia ʻano mea inu e lawelawe i kahi mahana a i kekahi mau kīʻaha.
Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka waina
Manaʻo ka nui o nā kauka he mea maikaʻi loa ka inu ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā o ka nui o ka waina no ka olakino o ke kino holoʻokoʻa (ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i hoʻokahi aniani o ka lā). Loaʻa iā ia kahi helu nui o nā enzymes, acid (malic, tartaric), nā wikamina (B1, B2, C, P), nā minelala (calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium), a me nā mea hana biologically ʻē aʻe.
No laila waiwai nui ka waina ʻulaʻula i kēia antioxidant, e like me resveratrol. ʻO kāna wahi kūpono he 10-20 mau manawa i ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka vitamina E. Loaʻa i ka waina ka hao a me nā mea i hāʻawi i ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana e hoʻonui i ka pae o hemoglobin. ʻO nā hopena maikaʻi o ka iwi iwi ʻulaʻula e kōkua i ka hana ʻana i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula (erythrocytes).
Hoʻoikaika ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waina i ka ʻai ʻana, ka makemake, a me ka hūnā ʻana o nā galani salivary. Loaʻa iā ia he antiseptic a me nā pono antibacterial, ke kāohi nei i nā ʻākena causative o cholera, malaria, a me ka tuberculosis. Kau kekahi mau kauka i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻano ʻulaʻula no ka maʻi ulcer peptic. Hāʻawi ke alo o nā tannins i ka hoʻōla wikiwiki ʻana o nā ulcer.
ʻO ka waina keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻulaʻula e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā pae kolesterol i loko o ke koko, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka metabolism, a paipai i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o nā toxins. Hoʻopilikia lākou i ka pae paʻakai; Paipai mākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waina e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā waihona paʻakai i nā hono.
Hāʻawi ka ʻike i ka waina, nā paʻakai, a me kekahi ʻano o nā protein i ke kino i ka ikaika hou. Hoʻonohonoho ka waikawa Tartaric i ka assimilation o nā protein protein o ka kumu holoholona.
ʻO ka ʻino o ka waina a me nā contraindications
ʻO ka mea mua, he mau mea inu maoli wale nō nā waiwai kūpono me ka ʻole o nā mea hoʻohui a me nā kala.
ʻO ka ʻai nui ʻana i ka waina hiki ke alakaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi puʻuwau coronary, cirrhosis ate, a me ka maʻi kō. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka nui o ka waiʻona ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi ʻaʻai.
I ka hopena, pono e kāpae ʻia mai ka papaʻai wahine i ka wā hāpai a me ka lactation. ʻO ka poʻe me nā maʻi o ke akepaʻa a me ka pancreas me ka cystitis koʻikoʻi a me ka mālama ʻana he lāʻau antibiotic a me nā papa inoa o nā keiki.
