10 mau mōʻī kahiko kahiko

ʻAʻohe mea a kekahi e ʻōlelo ai, hana mau ka moʻolelo e nā poʻe nui. A no ka manawa lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ke kanaka (me nā neʻe a pau o nā lāhui, nā kaua no nā ʻāina a me ka mana, nā hakakā politika, nā kipi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), ua ʻike kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina i kēia manawa i nā ʻano pilikino.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ko mākou manawa, mahalo nui ʻia ka poʻe e "hoʻolilo i ka honua i wahi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi": nā ʻepekema ʻē aʻe o nā ʻoihana "maluhia", nā mea kūlohelohe, nā mea hana pono kanaka, nā mea hana holoholona, ​​​​nā philanthropists, nā poʻe kālai'āina maluhia, etc.

Akā i ka manawa i manaʻo ʻia ai ka poʻe i mahalo nui ʻia he poʻe koa nui - nā aliʻi, nā alakaʻi, nā mōʻī, nā emepera - hiki ke pale i ko lākou poʻe ponoʻī wale nō, akā, loaʻa pū kekahi i nā ʻāina hou a me nā pono waiwai like ʻole no lākou i ke kaua.

ʻO nā inoa o nā mōʻī kaulana loa o ka Middle Ages i ka wā i lilo i "nui" me nā moʻolelo i kēia mau lā e pono ai nā mea kākau moʻolelo e hoʻoikaika nui e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kanaka semi-mythical mai ka mea i ola maoli.

Eia kekahi mau mea kaao:

10 Ragnar Lodbrok | ? — 865

ʻAe, nā mea aloha o ka Vikings series: He kanaka maoli ʻo Ragnar. ʻAʻole ʻo ia wale nō, ʻo ia ka meʻe aupuni o Scandinavia (he hoʻomaha hoʻomaha hoʻi ma ʻaneʻi - ʻo Ragnar Lothbrok's Day, i hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ma Malaki 28) a he hōʻailona maoli o ka wiwo ʻole a me ka wiwo ʻole o nā kūpuna Viking.

Ma waena o nā mō'ī o kā mākou "ʻumi" ʻo Ragnar Lothbrok ka "mythical" loa. Auwe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i kona ola, nā hoʻolaha a me nā hoʻouka kaua wiwo ʻole i ʻike wale ʻia mai nā sagas: ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua noho ʻo Ragnar i ke kenekulia 9, i ka manawa i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ai ka poʻe noho o Scandinavia i nā hana a kā lākou jarls a me nā mōʻī.

ʻO Ragnar Leatherpants (no laila, e like me kekahi mana, ua unuhi ʻia kona inoa inoa) ke keiki a ke aliʻi Denemaka ʻo Sigurd Ring. Ua lilo ʻo ia i poʻokela koʻikoʻi i ka makahiki 845, a ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻouka i nā ʻāina kokoke ma mua loa (mai ka makahiki 835 a hiki i 865).

Ua luku ʻo ia iā Paris (ma kahi o 845), a ua make maoli ʻo ia i loko o ka lua nahesa (i ka makahiki 865), i hopu ʻia e ka Mōʻī Ella II i kona hoʻāʻo ʻana e lawe iā Northumbria. A ʻae, ua lilo kāna keiki ʻo Bjorn Ironside i mōʻī o Suedena.

9. Matthias I Hunyadi (Mattyash Korvin) | 1443 – 1490

Aia kahi hoʻomanaʻo lōʻihi iā Matthias I Corvinus ma ka hana kiʻi kanaka Hungarian, ʻo ia ke aliʻi kūpono loa, ʻo ka "naita hope" o ʻEulopa medieval, etc.

Pehea i loaʻa ai iā ia ke ʻano pumehana iā ia iho? ʻAe, ʻo ka mea mua, ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma lalo o ke aupuni kūʻokoʻa o Hungary i ola i kona ala hope (a ikaika loa) ma hope o nā makahiki he nui o ka haunaele a me ka "squabbling" o nā haku feudal kūloko no ka mana.

ʻAʻole wale ʻo Matthias Hunyadi i hoʻihoʻi i kahi mokuʻāina i kūkulu ʻia ma Hungary (e ʻae i ka poʻe i hānau ʻole ʻia, akā naʻauao a me nā poʻe akamai e hoʻokele i nā hale hoʻokele), ua hōʻoia ʻo ia i kona palekana pili mai ka Ottoman Turks, ua hoʻokumu i kahi pūʻali koa mercenary (kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia 4th infantryman me kahi pūʻali koa. arquebus), hoʻohui i kekahi mau ʻāina kokoke i kona waiwai, etc.

Ua ʻoluʻolu ke aliʻi naʻauao i ka poʻe o ka ʻepekema a me ke akamai, a ʻo kāna hale waihona puke kaulana ʻo ia ka hale waihona puke nui loa ma ʻEulopa ma hope o ka Vatican. ʻAe! Ua hōʻike ʻia kona kapa lima i kahi manu koraka (corvinus a i ʻole korvin).

8. Robert Bruce | 1274 – 1329

ʻO ka poʻe i mamao loa mai ka moʻolelo o Beretania Nui, ua lohe paha lākou i ka inoa ʻo Robert the Bruce – ka meʻe aupuni o Scotland a me kona mōʻī mai ka makahiki 1306. ʻO ka mea mua i hiki i ka naʻau ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo Mel Gibson "Braveheart" ( 1995) me ia ma ke kuleana o William Wallace - ke alakaʻi o nā Scots i ke kaua no ke kūʻokoʻa mai ʻEnelani.

As could be easily understood even from this film (in which, of course, historical truth was not respected too much), Robert the Bruce was a rather ambiguous character. However, like many other historical figures of that time … He betrayed both the British several times (either swearing allegiance to the next English king, then rejoining the uprising against him), and the Scots (well, just think, what a trifle to take and kill his political rival John Comyn right in the church, but after that Bruce became leader of the anti-English movement, and then the king of Scotland).

Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana ma ke kaua ʻo Bannockburn, ka mea i hoʻopaʻa i ke kūʻokoʻa lōʻihi o Scotland, ua lilo ʻo Robert the Bruce, me ke kanalua ʻole, i mea koa nona.

7. Bohemond o Tarentum | 1054 – 1111

Ke lohe ʻia nei nā manawa o nā crusade ma nā kaʻao ʻEulopa e nā inoa o nā naita koa ikaika loa. A ʻo kekahi o lākou ʻo ka Noremana Bohemond o Taranto, ke aliʻi mua o ʻAnetioka, ʻo ia ka luna ʻoi loa o ka ʻĀpana Kuʻuna Mua.

ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i noho aliʻi ʻia ʻo Bohemond e ka manaʻoʻiʻo Kalikiano a me ka hopohopo no nā hoa manaʻoʻiʻo pōʻino i hoʻokaumaha ʻia e ka poʻe Saracens - he kanaka hoʻokalakupua maoli ʻo ia, a me ka makemake nui.

Ua hoihoi nui ʻia ʻo ia e ka mana, kaulana a me ka waiwai. ʻO kahi waiwai liʻiliʻi ma Italia ʻaʻole i hoʻokō i ka makemake o kahi koa koa a me kahi loea akamai, a no laila ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e lanakila i ka ʻāina ma ka Hikina i mea e hoʻokumu ai i kona mokuʻāina.

A no laila ʻo Bohemond o Tarentum, ua hui pū ʻo ia i ke kaua kaua, ua lanakila ʻo ia iā ʻAnetioka mai ka poʻe Mahometa, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ke Aliʻi o ʻAnetioka ma ʻaneʻi a lilo i aliʻi nona (ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa make ʻo ia no kēia me kekahi luna koa crusader, ʻo Raymond o Toulouse, nāna hoʻi i ʻōlelo iā ʻAnetioka). Auwe, i ka hopena, ʻaʻole hiki iā Bohemond ke mālama i kāna loaʻa ...

6. Saladin (Salah ad-Din) | 1138 – 1193

ʻO kekahi koa o nā Crusades (akā ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā hoa kūʻē ʻo Saracen) - ʻo ke Sultan o ʻAigupita a me Suria, ka luna nui o ka pūʻali Muslim i kūʻē i ka poʻe Crusaders - ua loaʻa ka mahalo nui i waena o kona mau ʻenemi Karistiano no kona noʻonoʻo ʻoi, wiwo ʻole. a me ka lokomaikaʻi i ka ʻenemi.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua like kona inoa piha: Al-Malik an-Nasir Salah ad-Duniya wa-d-Din Abul-Muzaffar Yusuf ibn Ayyub. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe ʻEulopa e hiki ke haʻi. No laila, ma ka moʻomeheu ʻEulopa, ua kapa ʻia ka ʻenemi hoʻonani ʻia ʻo Saladin a i ʻole Salah ad-Din.

I ka wā o ka Crusade ʻekolu, ʻo Saladin ka mea nāna i hāʻawi i ka "kaumaha" nui loa i nā naita Kalikiano, a lanakila loa i ko lākou pūʻali koa i ka makahiki 1187 ma ke kaua ʻo Hattin (a i ka manawa hoʻokahi e hopu ana i nā alakaʻi āpau o nā crusaders - mai ka Grand Master. o ke Temepela Gerard de Ridefort i ke Alii o Ierusalema Guy de Lusignan), a lawe hou mai ia lakou mai ka hapa nui o na aina kahi i noho ai ka poe crusaders: aneane pau loa o Palesetine, Acre a me Ierusalema. Ma ke ala, ua mahalo ʻo Richard the Lionheart iā Saladin a ua manaʻo ʻo ia he hoaaloha.

5. Harald I Ka Makani | 850 – 933

ʻO kekahi kanaka'ākau'ākau (e hoʻomanaʻo hou mākou i nā "Vikings" - ma hope o nā mea a pau,ʻo ke keiki, aʻaʻoleʻo ke kaikunāne o Halfdan ka Black) kaulana no ka mea ma lalo ona i lilo aiʻo Norewai i Norewai.

I kona lilo ʻana i mōʻī i ka makahiki 10, ua hui ʻo Harald, i ka makahiki 22, i ka hapa nui o nā waiwai kaʻawale o nā ipu nui a me nā liʻiliʻi a me nā hevdings ma lalo o kona noho aliʻi ʻana (he pūʻulu o kāna mau lanakila i hoʻopau ʻia i ke kaua nui ʻo Hafrsfjord i 872), a laila hoʻokomo i nā ʻauhau mau ma ka ʻāina a hoʻopaʻa i nā pahu pio i holo i ka ʻāina, noho ma ka Shetland a me Orkney Islands a mai laila aku i hoʻouka ai i nā ʻāina ʻo Harald.

ʻOiai he kanaka 80 makahiki (no ia manawa he moʻolelo ʻike ʻole kēia!) Ua hoʻoili ʻo Harald i ka mana i kāna keiki aloha ʻo Eirik the Bloody Ax - ua noho aliʻi kāna mau mamo hanohano i ka ʻāina a hiki i ke kenekulia XIV.

Ma ke ala, no hea mai kahi inoa inoa hoihoi - Fair-Haired? Wahi a ka moʻolelo, i kona wā ʻōpiopio, ua hoʻohiwahiwa ʻo Harald i kahi kaikamahine i kapa ʻia ʻo Gyuda. Akā, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e mare ʻo ia iā ia ke lilo ʻo ia i mōʻī o Norewai a pau. A laila - pēlā nō!

Ua lilo ʻo Harald i mōʻī ma luna o nā aliʻi, a i ka manawa like ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻoki i kona lauoho a ʻaʻole i hui i kona lauoho no 9 mau makahiki (a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Harald the Shaggy). Akā, ma hope o ke kaua ʻo Hafrsfjord, ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻo ia i kona lauoho ('ōlelo lākou he lauoho mānoanoa nani kona), a lilo ʻo ia i Uʻi lauoho.

4. William I ka Na'i Aupuni | OK. 1027/1028 – 1087

A ke hoʻi hou nei mākou i ka moʻo Vikings: ʻike anei ʻoe ʻo Guillaume Bastard - ke aliʻi o ʻEnelani e hiki mai ana ʻo William I the Conqueror - he mamo ia na ke Duke mua o Normandy Rollo (a ʻo Rollon paha)?

ʻAʻole, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo Rollo (a i ʻole, ke alakaʻi maoli o ka Vikings Hrolf the Pedestrian - ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia no ka mea nui a kaumaha, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i kahi lio ke lawe iā ia) ʻaʻole ia ke kaikaina o Ragnar Lothbrok ma pau loa .

Akā ua hopu maoli ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o Normandy i ka hopena o XNUMXth - hoʻomaka i ke kenekulia XNUMXth a lilo i aliʻi nona (a ua mare maoli ʻo ia iā Princess Gisela, ke kaikamahine a Charles III the Simple).

E hoʻi kāua iā Wilhelm: ʻo ia ke keiki kāne ʻole a ke Duke o Normandy Robert I, akā naʻe, i ka 8 o kona mau makahiki, ua hoʻoili ʻo ia i ka inoa o kona makuakāne, a laila hiki iā ia ke noho ma ka noho aliʻi.

ʻO ke kanaka mai ka wā ʻōpiopio mai, he mau manaʻo nui loa ia - ma Normandy, ua ʻuʻuku ʻo ia. A laila, ua hoʻoholo ʻo William e kiʻi i ka noho aliʻi Pelekāne, ʻoiai ʻoiai e ulu ana ka pilikia dynastic ma ʻEnelani: ʻAʻohe hoʻoilina ʻo Edward the Confessor, a ʻoiai ʻo kona makuahine (ʻoi loa ka pōmaikaʻi!) ʻO William ke kupuna wahine, hiki iā ia ke koi maʻalahi i ka noho aliʻi Pelekane. Auē, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō nā ala diplomatic i ka pahuhopu ...

Pono wau e hoʻohana i ka pūʻali koa. Ua ʻike ʻia nā hanana hou aʻe e nā mea a pau: ʻo ke aliʻi hou o ʻEnelani ʻo Harold, ua lanakila ʻo ia mai ka pūʻali koa o William ma ke kaua ʻo Hastings i ka makahiki 1066, a i ka makahiki 1072, waiho pū ʻo Sekotia iā William the Conqueror.

3. Frederick I Barbarossa | 1122 – 1190

ʻO Frederick I o Hohenstaufen, i kapa ʻia ʻo Barbarossa (Redbeard), ʻo ia kekahi o nā mōʻī kaulana loa o ka Middle Ages. I loko o kona ola lōʻihi, ua loaʻa iā ia ke kaulana o ke aliʻi naʻauao, pololei (a me ka charismatic) a me ke koa nui.

Ua ikaika loa ʻo ia i ke kino, pili paʻa i nā canon naita - ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o Barbarossa i mōʻī o ka Emepera Roma Hemolele i ka makahiki 1155, ua ʻike ka poʻe koa Kelemania i kahi pua i ʻike ʻole ʻia (a ma lalo ona i hana ʻia ai ka pūʻali koa ikaika loa ma ʻEulopa mai nā mea kaua nui. lio).

Ua ʻimi ʻo Barbarossa e hoʻāla hou i ka hanohano kahiko o ke aupuni o ka wā o Charlemagne, a no kēia mea pono ʻo ia e hele i ke kaua 5 mau manawa me Italia i mea e hoʻopaʻa ai i kona mau kūlanakauhale i lilo i mea hoʻopaneʻe loa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o kona ola ma nā hoʻolaha.

I ka makahiki 25, ua komo ʻo Frederick i ka lua Crusade. A i ka wā i lanakila ai ʻo Saladin i nā waiwai nui a pau o ka poʻe crusaders ma ka Hikina Hikina, ʻo Friedrich Hohenstaufen, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hōʻiliʻili i kahi nui (e like me nā kumu - 100 tausani!) Koa a hele pū me ia i ka Crusade ʻekolu.

A ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o nā hanana inā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hāʻule i ka muliwai Selif ma Tureke, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hāʻule mai kona lio a ʻoki ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke puka i waho o ka wai me ke kapa kila. ʻO Barbarossa i kēlā manawa he 68 mau makahiki (he makahiki hanohano loa!).

2. Richard I ka Puuwai Liona | 1157 – 1199

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole he mōʻī maoli e like me ka moʻolelo! Ua ʻike mākou a pau iā Richard the Lionheart mai nā puke a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni (e hoʻomaka me ka puke moʻolelo a Walter Scott "Ivanhoe" a hoʻopau me ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni 2010 "Robin Hood" me Russell Crowe).

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻo Richard he "naita makaʻu ʻole a hoʻowahāwahā ʻia." ʻAe, ua loaʻa iā ia ka nani o ke koa maikaʻi loa, e pili ana i nā hanana weliweli, akā i ka manawa hoʻokahi ua hoʻohanohano ʻia ʻo ia e ka hoʻopunipuni a me ka lokoino; he u'i ('ōni'oni'o me nā maka uliuli), akā, 'o ia ka moe kolohe i ka momona o kona mau iwi; Ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā ʻōlelo he nui, ʻaʻole naʻe i kāna ʻōlelo Pelekane, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hele i ʻEnelani.

Ua kumakaia ʻo ia i kona mau hoa aloha (a ʻo kona makuakāne hoʻi) ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa, loaʻa iā ia kahi inoa inoa ʻē aʻe - ʻo Richard ʻAe-a-ʻAʻole - no ka mea ua maʻalahi ʻo ia i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.

No na manawa a pau o kona noho alii ana ma Enelani, aole i oi aku mamua o hookahi makahiki ma ka aina. Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka waihona no ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka pūʻali koa a me ka navy, ua haʻalele maoli ʻo ia no ka crusade (e ʻike ana iā ia iho ma laila me ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana i nā Mahometa), a ma ke ala hoʻi ua hopu ʻia ʻo ia e kona ʻenemi ʻo Leopold o Austria a noho i kekahi mau makahiki ma Dürstein. pā kaua. No ke kūʻai ʻana i ke aliʻi, pono i kāna mau makaʻāinana e hōʻiliʻili i nā hōʻailona kālā he 150.

Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kona mau makahiki hope i nā kaua me ka Mōʻī Philippe II o Farani, e make ana i ka ʻona koko ma hope o ka ʻeha ʻana i ka pua.

1. Charles I ka Nui | 747/748-814

ʻO ke aliʻi kaulana loa o ka ʻumi ʻo Carolus Magnus, Carloman, Charlemagne, etc.

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he mea nui i kona wā e ola ana - ʻaʻole kēia he mea kupanaha: ʻo ke aliʻi o ka poʻe Franks mai 768, ke aliʻi o nā Lombards mai 774, ke Duke o Bavaria mai 788 a, ʻo ka hope, ka Emepera o ke Komohana mai 800, ka ʻO ke keiki hiapo a Pepin ka Pōkole no ka manawa mua i hoʻohui iā ʻEulopa ma lalo o hoʻokahi lula a hoʻokumu i kahi mokuʻāina kikowaena nui, ʻo ka nani a me ka hanohano o ka hekili a puni ka honua civili.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka inoa ʻo Charlemagne ma nā kaʻao ʻEulopa (e laʻa, ma ka "Song of Roland"). Ma ke ala, ua lilo ʻo ia i hoʻokahi o nā mōʻī mua i hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo i ka poʻe o ka ʻepekema a me ka noʻonoʻo a wehe i nā kula ʻaʻole wale no nā keiki o nā aliʻi.