Contents
Cancer (Astacus astacus), a i ʻole iʻa maʻamau, no ka papa o ka decapod crustaceans (Decapoda). Hoʻonui nui ʻia nā lālā o mua a hoʻopau me nā maiuu, kahi e hopu ai ka iʻa i ka ʻai a pale iā ia iho. ʻO nā lālā ʻehā e hiki mai ana o nā lālā liʻiliʻi no ka locomotion. Ma lalo o ka pūpū huelo he ʻelima mau lālā pōkole, atrophied. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lua o mua i nā kāne i loko o nā ʻōpū tubular lōʻihi. I nā wahine, ua aneane pau nā lālā pili. Hiki ke ʻike maka ʻia ke ʻano o ka ʻōliʻi ʻōpio ma ke alo a i ʻole ka ʻole o nā ʻōpū tubular. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kāne o ka iʻa makua ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ko lākou mau maiuu a me nā huelo: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā maiuu kāne, a ʻoi aku ka laulā o ka huelo o ka wahine ma mua o ka huelo o ke kāne. Mālama ka huelo ākea o ka wahine i nā hua i ka wā e ulu ana ma lalo o ka huelo, pili i nā lālā pōkole. ʻO ka weheʻana o ke kino i nā wāhine aia ma ke kumu o ke kolu o nā lālā, a ma nā kāne - ma ke kumu o ka lima o nā lālā.
Noho a me ka nohona
ʻOi aku ka manaʻo o ka maʻi kanesa ma mua o ka manaʻo o ka poʻe he nui. Pono ka wai e noho ai; ʻAʻole hiki i ka ʻulaki ke hanau i loko o ka wai paʻakai a paʻakai paha. Pono like ka ʻike o ka oxygen i loko o ka iʻa wai me ka iʻa salmon. No ke ola maʻamau o ka crayfish i ke kau mahana, pono ka wai i ka oxygen ma luna o 5 mg / l. Hiki ke noho ka i'a i loko o ka wai māmā a me ka wai ʻeleʻele, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i nui ka ʻakika. Pono ka pH o ka wai kūpono no ke ola o ka crayfish ma luna o 6,5. Ke lohi nei ka ulu ʻana o ka iʻa i ka wai lime. Pilikia loa ka crayfish i ka pollution wai. Inā maikaʻi ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana, a laila hiki ke ola i ka ʻuala i nā ʻano wai hou - nā loko, nā muliwai, nā loko oxbow a me nā kahawai. Eia nō naʻe, me he mea lā ʻo nā muliwai ka wahi punahele o ka iʻa.
Ma nā wahi noho o ka crayfish, pono ka lalo o ka waihona i paʻa a ʻaʻohe lepo. Ma kahi lepo lepo, a ma nā kahakai pōhaku a i ʻole ke one, a me ka wai pāpaʻu me kahi lalo palahalaha a maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka crayfish, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa kahi malu no lākou iho a ʻeli paha. Makemake ʻo Crayfish i nā kumu pōhaku kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke loaʻa kahi malu, a i ʻole nā lalo i kūpono no ka ʻeli ʻana. Loaʻa nā lua iʻa ma nā lua kahakai a i ʻole ma nā pali o kahakai. ʻO ka pinepine, aia lākou ma ka palena o ka lalo paʻakikī a palupalu. ʻO ka puka i waho o ka lua, hiki ke ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o hoʻokahi mika ka lōʻihi, ma lalo o ke kumu o kahi lāʻau hāʻule, nā aʻa lāʻau a i ʻole ma lalo o nā pōhaku. Kokoke loa ka lua iʻa, ʻeli ʻia e like me ka nui o ka poʻe e noho ana, kahi e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pale mai ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā kaikunāne nui. He paʻakikī ke huki ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi mai ka lua, pili ʻo ia i kona mau paia me kona mau lālā. Hōʻike ʻia ka noho ʻana o ka lua e ka lepo hou ma ka puka. Noho ka maʻi maʻi ma kahi hohonu o 0,5 a 3,0 m. ʻO nā wahi maikaʻi loa no ka hale i hopu ʻia e nā kāne nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā wahi kūpono no nā kāne nāwaliwali a me nā wahine. Noho nā ʻōpiopio i ka wai pāpaʻu kokoke i ke kahakai ponoʻī, ma lalo o nā pōhaku, nā lau a me nā lālā.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi ma kona ʻano o ke ola he hermit. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka kekahi ʻano puʻuhonua e pale ai mai nā ʻohana. I nā hola o ke ao, aia ka iʻa i loko o kahi malu, e pani ana i ka puka i laila me nā maiuu. ʻIke ʻo ia i ka pōʻino, hoʻihoʻi koke ʻo ia i hope, komo hohonu i loko o ka lua. Hele ka iʻa e ʻimi i ka meaʻai i ke ahiahi, a i ke ao ʻeleʻele - i ke ahiahi. He mea maʻamau ka neʻe ʻana i loko o ka wai i ka pō me ka hohola ʻana o kona mau maiuu i mua a paʻa pololei kona huelo, akā inā makaʻu, ʻauʻau koke ʻo ia i hope me ka puhi ʻana i ka huelo ikaika. Manaʻo nui ʻia ka noho ʻana o ke kanesa ma kahi hoʻokahi. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o kekahi mau pule, hāʻule ka crayfish i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā haneli mau mika mai nā wahi i kau ʻia ai lākou.
ka ulu
ʻO ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka crayfish e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka mahana a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka wai, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai a me ka nui o ka crayfish i loko o ka waihona. ʻOkoʻa ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻuʻuku ma nā waihona like ʻole. Akā ʻaʻole pono i loko o hoʻokahi waihona i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hilinaʻi nui i ka mahana o ka wai. I ke kauwela mua a me ka lua o ke ola, ua like ka ulu ʻana o nā kāne a me nā wahine, akā i ka hopena o ke kauwela ʻekolu, a i ʻole ka lua o ka makahiki o ke ola, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. I nā kūlana o Finland hema, hiki i ka crayfish ka lōʻihi o 1,4-2,2 cm ma ka hopena o ke kauwela mua, 2,5-4,0 cm i ka hopena o ke kauwela lua, a me 4,5-6,0, 10 knm ma ka hopena o ke kolu o ke kauwela. ʻO ka nui i ʻae ʻia no ka hopu ʻana (6 cm) hiki ke loaʻa i nā kāne ma 7-1 mau makahiki, nā wahine ma 8-XNUMX mau makahiki. I loko o nā wai me ka lawa o ka ʻai no ka iʻa a ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka iʻa ke hiki i ka nui i ʻae ʻia no ka lawaiʻa ʻelua makahiki ma mua o ka manawa i hōʻike ʻia, akā ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole - he mau makahiki ma hope.
Nīnau pinepine ka poʻe i ka ulu ʻana o ka crayfish. Ua ʻike ʻo Brofeldt, kākāʻōlelo lawaiʻa i ka makahiki 1911, aia ma ke kaona ʻo Kangasala he 16-17 knm ka lōʻihi, ʻoiai ua liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi ka hopu ʻia ʻana o ia mau iʻa. Ua hōʻike ʻo Suomalainen ʻo ka 1908-12,5 cm lōʻihi i hopu ʻia i loko o 13 he mau ʻano ʻano nui. Me he moʻolelo moʻolelo lā kēia mau hōʻikeʻike iā mākou - ʻaʻole pono ka nui o ka crayfish. I ka makahiki 1951, ʻo ka Seura magazine ka mea nāna i hoʻonohonoho i ka hoʻokūkū - nāna e hopu i ka iʻa nui loa i ke kauwela. ʻO ka mea lanakila ka mea hoʻokūkū nāna i hopu i ka crayfish 17,5 knm ka lōʻihi, a hiki i ka piko o ka maiuu - 28,3 knm, ke kaumaha 165 g. Hoʻokahi wale nō maiuu o ka iʻa, e wehewehe ana i kona kaumaha haʻahaʻa. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he mea kupanaha ka lilo ʻana o ka wahine i ka maʻi maʻi nui. ʻO ka lua o ke kāne, ʻo ka lōʻihi he 16,5 cm, a i ka piko o nā maiuu - 29,9 cm. ʻO 225 g ke kaumaha o kēia mea hoʻohālike. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o ka crayfish i hopu ʻia 17,0-17,5 cm lōʻihi i ʻike ʻia mai ka palapala. He mea ʻoluʻolu ke hoʻomaopopo, e like me ka ʻepekema Estonian ʻo Järvekulgin, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa kāne ma luna o 16 knm ka lōʻihi a me ke kaumaha o 150 g, a ʻo ka crayfish wahine ma luna o 12 knm ka lōʻihi a me ke kaupaona ʻana he 80-85 g. ʻIke loa, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia kahi wahine i hopu ʻia ma Finland i ka makahiki 1951 he pilikua.
Pehea ka makahiki o ka pāpaʻi? Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā pāpaʻi? I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe ala kūpono kūpono no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka makahiki o ka iʻa, e like me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka makahiki o ka iʻa. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kēlā me kēia kanaka o ka iʻa ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā pūʻulu makahiki a i ʻole nā pūʻulu o nā iʻa o ka lōʻihi like. Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo pololei i ka makahiki o nā specimens nui hoʻokahi. Aia ka ʻike ma ka palapala e pili ana i nā maʻi maʻi a hiki i 20 mau makahiki.
Molting
Ke ulu nei ka iʻa, me he mea lā, i ka lele a me nā palena - ke hoʻololi i ka pūpū. He manawa koʻikoʻi ka molting i ke ola o ka crayfish, i kēia manawa aia ka hoʻohou hou ʻana o ko lākou mau kino. Ma waho aʻe o ka uhi chitinous, ua hōʻano hou ʻia ka papa luna o ka retina a me nā gills, a me ka papa luna pale o nā appendages waha a me nā ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana digestive. Ma mua o ka molting, peʻe ka iʻa i loko o kona lua no kekahi mau lā. Akā, aia ka molt ma kahi ākea, ʻaʻole ma ka lua. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pūpū ma kahi o 5-10 mau minuke wale nō. A laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka maʻi kanesa pale ʻole no hoʻokahi pule a ʻelua paha, i ka wā o ka paʻakikī o ka pūpū, i loko o kahi malu. I kēia manawa,ʻaʻoleʻo ia eʻai,ʻaʻole e neʻe, a,ʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻaʻole ia e hāʻule i ke kāʻei.
Hele mai nā paʻakai calcium mai ke koko mai i loko o ka pūpū hou a hoʻokomo ʻia. Ma mua o ka molting ʻana, hōʻiliʻili lākou i ʻelua ʻano paʻa oval i loaʻa i loko o ka crayfish i ka ʻōpū. I kekahi manawa i ka ʻai ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa, hiki ke ʻike ʻia.
ʻO ka moulting wale nō i ke kau mahana. I ke kauwela mua o ke ola, ʻo ka maʻi kanesa molts 4-7 mau manawa, e pili ana i nā kūlana ulu, i ka lua o ke kauwela - 3-4 mau manawa, i ke kolu o ke kauwela - 3 mau manawa a i ke kauwela ʻehā - 2 mau manawa. Molt nā kāne makua 1-2 manawa i ka manawa, a me nā wahine i hiki i ka wā ʻōpio, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hoʻokahi. Ma kahi kokoke loa i ka palena ʻākau o ka puʻunaue ʻana i ka ʻuʻuku, mohu kekahi mau wahine i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelua.
ʻO ka molting o nā kāne, a me nā wahine i loaʻa ʻole nā hua ma lalo o ko lākou huelo, hiki i ka hopena o Iune; nā wahine e lawe ana i nā hua - aia wale nō i ka wā e puka mai ai nā larvae mai nā hua a kaʻawale mai ka makuahine. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Finland, hoʻololi pinepine kēlā mau wahine i kā lākou pūpū i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iulai, a ma ka ʻākau o Finland, hele ko lākou molt i ʻAukake.
Inā anu ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela, hiki i ka molt ke lohi i kekahi mau pule. Ma ia mau hihia, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau lawaiʻa (mai Iulai 21), ʻaʻole paha e paʻakikī ka pūpū, a ʻaʻole e hāʻule ka iʻa.
Ka hana hou
Hiki i ka ʻuala kāne ke oʻo ma kahi o 6-7 knm, wahine - 8 knm. I kekahi manawa aia nā wahine he 7 knm ka lōʻihi, e lawe ana i nā hua ma lalo o ko lākou huelo. Hiki i nā kāne ma Finland ke oʻo i ka moekolohe ma 3-4 mau makahiki (e like me nā kau 4-5-makahiki), a me nā wahine ma 4-6 mau makahiki (e like me nā kau 5-7-makahiki).
Hiki ke ho'oholo 'ia ke o'o 'ana o ka i'a ma ka hāpai mālie 'ana i kona pūpū hope. I loko o kahi kāne i hiki i ka wā ʻōpio, ʻike ʻia nā curl o nā tubules keʻokeʻo i ka huelo ma lalo o kahi "ʻili" lahilahi. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu keʻokeʻo o nā tubules, i kuhi hewa ʻia i kekahi manawa he parasites, no ka wai i loko o lākou. Ma lalo o ka pūpū o ka wahine, ʻike ʻia nā hua, mai ka ʻalani pale a hiki i ka ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, ma muli o ke ʻano o ko lākou ulu ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻōpio o ka wahine e nā ʻōniʻoniʻo keʻokeʻo e holo ana ma ka carapace huelo haʻahaʻa. He mau mucous gland keia e huna ana i kahi mea e pili ai na hua i na lala o ka huelo.
Hana ʻia ka male ʻana i ka iʻa i ka hāʻule, i Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa. ʻAʻole hōʻiliʻili ka iʻa, e like me nā iʻa, no nā kahua hoʻopulapula, mālama ʻia kā lākou fertilization ma ko lākou mau wahi maʻamau. Hoʻohuli ke kāne i ka wahine ma kona kua me nā maiuu nui a hoʻopili i nā spermatophores ma ka puka o ka wahine ma ke ʻano he wahi triangular keʻokeʻo. He mau lā ma hope mai, a he mau pule paha, e moe ana ka wahine ma kona kua, e waiho hua. Ma nā kūlana Finnish, waiho pinepine ka wahine mai ka 50 a hiki i ka 1 hua, a i kekahi manawa a hiki i ka 50. ʻAʻole e hoʻokaʻawale nā hua mai ka wahine, akā noho mau i loko o ka gelatinous mass huna ʻia e kona mau glands.
Ma lalo o ka huelo o ka wahine, ulu nā hua a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela e hiki mai ana. I ka wā hoʻoilo, hoʻemi nui ʻia ka nui o nā hua ma muli o ka nalowale mechanical a me ka maʻi fungal. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Finland, hāʻule nā larvae i ka hapa mua o Iulai, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻāina - i ka hapa lua o Iulai, e pili ana i ka mahana o ka wai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela. ʻO 9-11 mm ka lōʻihi o nā ʻōpuʻu i ka wā i puka mai ai lākou mai nā hua a ua like loa me ka ʻili liʻiliʻi. Akā, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aʻe o ko lākou kua a ʻoi aku ka laulā, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka huelo a me nā lālā ma mua o ka iʻa ʻōpiopio. Noho ka larva ma kahi o 10 mau lā ma lalo o ka huelo o ka makuahine a hiki i ka wā e omo ai lākou i ka ʻōpū ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a hiki i ka hopena. Ma hope o kēlā, ua kaʻawale lākou mai ko lākou makuahine a hoʻomaka i ke ola kūʻokoʻa.
ai
Cancer - he omnivore. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā mea kanu, nā mea ola kino, ʻai i nā ʻohana, ʻoi aku ka poʻe molt a i hoʻokahe wale a no laila ʻaʻole pale. Akā ʻo ka meaʻai nui, ʻo ia ka mea kanu, a i ʻole, i nā makahiki mua o ke ola, ʻai nui ka iʻa i nā mea ola lalo a hoʻololi mālie i ke kanu ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka meaʻai nui, ʻo ia nā ʻupena pepeke, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā makika, a me nā ʻū. Makemake nā keiki makahiki mua e ʻai i ka plankton, nā ʻauʻau wai, etc.
ʻAʻole pepehi a hoʻopaʻa ʻole ka maʻi maʻi i kāna mea pio, akā, paʻa me nā maiuu, nahu ia, nahu ʻāpana ʻāpana me nā ʻāpana ʻoi o ka waha. Hiki i ka ma'i 'a'ai 'ōpio ke 'ai i ka namu he mau kenimika ka loa no 'elua minuke.
Aia kekahi manaʻo ʻo ka maʻi kanesa, ka ʻai ʻana i ka caviar a me ka iʻa, hoʻopilikia i ka ʻoihana iʻa. Akā ʻoi aku kēia ʻike ma luna o nā manaʻo ma mua o nā ʻoiaʻiʻo. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia o kēia manawa, ua hōʻike ʻo TX Yarvi i kēlā mau loko i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka iʻa, ʻaʻole i emi ka nui o nā iʻa, a ma nā waihona i luku ʻia e ka maʻi ʻino, ʻaʻole i piʻi ka nui o nā iʻa. ʻAʻole i ʻai kekahi o nā 1300 crayfish i loaʻa ma ka noiʻi ʻana mai nā muliwai ʻelua, ʻoiai he nui lākou a me nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻAʻole ia ka maʻi kanesa akā hiki ke hopu iʻa. He hoʻopunipuni kāna mau neʻe lohi, hiki iā ia ke hopu koke i ka mea pio me nā maiuu. ʻO kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o ka iʻa i ka ʻai ʻana o ka crayfish ma muli o ka ʻauʻau ʻole o ka iʻa kokoke i nā wahi noho o ka crayfish. ʻO ka iʻa ʻole, maʻi a ʻeha paha, ka maʻi kanesa, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke ʻai i ka nui a hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi i ka lalo o ka waihona mai nā iʻa make.
Nā ʻenemi o ka iʻa
He nui nā ʻenemi i ka maʻi maʻi ma waena o nā iʻa a me nā mammals, ʻoiai ua pale maikaʻi ʻia e ka pūpū. ʻAi ʻoluʻolu ʻo Eel, burbot, perch a me ka pike i ka iʻa, ʻoi loa i ka wā o kā lākou molt. ʻO ka puhi, hiki iā ia ke komo maʻalahi i loko o ka lua iʻa, ʻo ia ka ʻenemi weliweli loa o nā kānaka nui. No nā ʻōpio crustaceans e noho ana ma nā kai kahakai, ʻo ka mea hoʻomake weliweli loa ka perch. ʻAi pū ʻia nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā ʻōpiopio o ka iʻa e ka roach, bream a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e ʻai ana i nā meaola o lalo.
ʻO nā mea momona, ʻo nā ʻenemi kaulana loa o ka iʻa ʻo ka muskrat a me ka mink. Ma nā wahi hānai o kēia mau holoholona, kokoke i nā kahakai o nā waihona, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka nui o kā lākou ʻōpala meaʻai - nā pūpū crustacean. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻaʻole nā iʻa a me nā mea momona e luku ai i ka ʻuala, akā i ka maʻi ʻōpala.
ka lawaiʻa ʻana
Ua ʻike ʻia ua hopu ʻia ka ʻuʻuku i ka wā kahiko. A hiki i ka Middle Ages, ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou no nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka lehu o ka iʻa i puhi ʻia e kāpīpī i nā ʻeha mai ka nahu ʻana o ka ʻīlio huhū, ka nahesa a me ka moʻo huelo ʻawa. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia nō hoʻi ka crayfish no ka lāʻau lapaʻau, no ka laʻana, me ka luhi.
Mai ka moʻolelo moʻolelo i ʻike ʻia ma ka hale aliʻi o Suedena i ka makahiki XNUMX. ua hāʻawi mai i kahi loiloi kūpono o ka ʻono o ka crayfish. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua hoʻomaka nā aliʻi ma Finland e hoʻohālike i ka hanohano aliʻi. Ua hopu ka poʻe mahiʻai a hāʻawi i ka ʻuala i nā aliʻi, akā naʻe lākou i mālama i ka "holoholona pale kaua" me ka hilinaʻi nui.
Hoʻomaka ka wā lawaiʻa crayfish ma Finland ma Iulai 21 a hoʻomau a hiki i ka hopena o ʻOkakopa. E hoʻomaka ana mai ka hapa ʻelua o Kepakemapa, hoʻemi ʻia nā hopu. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ua hoʻōki ʻia ka hopu ʻana i ka iʻa i kekahi mau pule ma mua o ka pāpā ʻana, no ka mea i ka hopena o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka ʻiʻo o ka iʻa e pau ka ʻono, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka pūpū.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka mahana o ka wai. Inā mahana ka Mei a me Iune a kiʻekiʻe ka mahana o ka wai, a laila pau ka molting o nā kāne a me nā wahine ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau lawaiʻa. I kēia hihia, maikaʻi nā hopu mai ka hoʻomaka. I ke kau anuanu, hiki i ka molting ke lohi, a hoʻomaka ka crayfish e neʻe ma hope o ka paʻakikī o ka pūpū wale nō i ka hopena o Iulai. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ma ka hema o Finland i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopu ʻana i ka crayfish ma mua o ka ʻākau, kahi e hana ai ka molting o ka crayfish ma hope.
Nā ʻano lawaiʻa a me nā mea hana
E pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka lawaiʻa me ka ʻupena, ʻo nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe o ka hopu ʻana i ka iʻa e waiho ʻia ma hope a poina loa. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hopu ʻia ka crayfish ma nā ʻano he nui, ʻaʻole maʻalahi, akā he mea hoihoi no nā amateurs.
Hopu lima
ʻO ka hopu ʻana i ka iʻa me kou mau lima, ʻo ia ke ala kahiko loa. Ke neʻe akahele ka mea hopu i ka wai a nānā ma lalo o nā pōhaku, nā kumu lāʻau, hāpai i nā lālā ma lalo o ka peʻe iʻa i ke ao. ʻIke ʻo ia i ka maʻi kanesa, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hopu iā ia me ka neʻe wikiwiki a hiki i kona peʻe ʻana i kahi malu a holo. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻole kūpono kēia ʻano lawaiʻa no ka poʻe makaʻu i ka maiuu. ʻO ka iʻa nui loa e loaʻa i ka pōʻeleʻele, i ka wā e hopu ʻia ai ka crayfish i haʻalele i ko lākou mau hale ma ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i ka lalo o ka waihona me ke kukui. I ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻā ʻia ke ahi ma kahakai no ka hoʻowalewale ʻana i ka iʻa. Ma ke ala maʻalahi, ma kahi kokoke i kahakai ma lalo o ka pōhaku, kahi e nui ai ka crayfish, hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i nā haneli o lākou.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i ka crayfish me kou mau lima inā ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka hohonu o ka wai ma mua o 1,5 m. No ka hopu ʻana i ka iʻa i nā wai hohonu, a i loko o nā waihona me ka wai maʻemaʻe ma kahi hohonu o kekahi mau mika, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo crayfish mites ma Finland. Hoʻopaʻa maʻalahi kēia mau paʻi lāʻau i ka ʻuala mai ka wai. Hiki ke lōʻihi mai ka hoʻokahi a hiki i kekahi mau mika. No ka pale ʻana i nā mite mai ka hōʻino ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa, hiki ke hana ʻia lākou i ʻā.
ʻO kahi mea maʻalahi he lāʻau lōʻihi, ma ka hopena e hanaʻia ai ka māhele, a hoʻonuiʻia me kahi pōhaku liʻiliʻi a lāʻau lāʻau paha. ʻAʻole hiki ke huki i ka ʻili mai loko mai o ka wai me kēlā lāʻau, kaomi wale ia i lalo a hāpai ʻia e ka lima. ʻO ka hopu ʻana me ka ʻaʻa e pono ai ke akamai nui, ʻoiai ʻo ka crayfish, ke ʻike koke lākou i ka pōʻino, holo wikiwiki. Ma muli o ko lākou lohi ponoʻī, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ka poʻe Finns i nā ticks i mea lawaiʻa, ʻaʻole hoʻohana nui ʻia. ʻO ke kaulana ʻole o kēia ʻano lawaiʻa,. ʻike ʻia, pili pū me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i loko o nā wai ʻeleʻele o nā waihona Finnish he paʻakikī ke ʻike i ka maʻi kanesa, a inā ʻoi aku ka hohonu o kahi waihona ma mua o kahi pāpaʻu loa, a laila hiki ʻole ke ʻike.
ʻO ka lawaiʻa ma lalo o ka wai kekahi i kēia ʻano o ka ʻohi iʻa. Pono ia i nā maka aniani kūikawā a me kahi paipu hanu. Hiki ke huki ʻia ka iʻa mai loko mai o nā lua me nā lima lima lima a ʻohi ʻia mai lalo i ka pō. I ka luʻu ʻana i ka pō, pono e loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kukui uila, a i ʻole e hoʻomālamalama ka hoa i lalo mai ke kahakai a i ʻole ka moku. ʻOiai e hopu ana ka luʻu ma kahi kokoke i kahakai, e kali mau ana nā pōʻino like ʻole iā ia. No laila, ʻōlelo ʻia e hana kekahi hoa ma kahakai a nānā i ka holomua o ka lawaiʻa.
He laʻana o ka hopu lima ma lalo o ka wai — Video
ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana ma lalo o ka wai no ka iʻa. Ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma Сrayfish.
Iʻa lawaiʻa
Me nā ʻano lawaiʻa i manaʻo ʻia, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā maunu. ʻO ka iʻa i ka lawaiʻa ʻole me ka maunu e hilinaʻi mau ʻia i ka manawa kūpono, a ʻaʻohe mea hōʻoia e hopu ʻoe i ka crayfish. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā maunu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawaiʻa. Hoʻopili ka maunu i ka ʻuʻuku i ka mea hana a mālama i nā wahi hopu.
Hiki ke lawe ʻia ka iʻa a puni ka maunu me kou mau lima a i ʻole me ka ʻupena. Akā, ʻo ke ʻano o ka lawaiʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ʻo ia ka lawaiʻa, ʻo ia ka mea e pipili ai ka ʻili i ka maunu i nakiʻi ʻia i ka wēlau o kahi aho a i ʻole ke kumu o kahi lāʻau, a paʻa i ka maunu a hiki i ka ʻohi ʻana me ka ʻupena. huki ʻia mai loko mai o ka wai. 'Oko'a ka lawai'a i'a me ka lawai'a i'a no ka mea 'a'ole ho'ohana i ka makau a hiki i ka i'a ke wehe i ka makau i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi aho lawaiʻa i kahi lāʻau 1-2 m ka lōʻihi, a nakinaki ʻia kahi maunu i ke aho lawaiʻa. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka wēlau o ka lāʻau i lalo o ka loko a i ʻole ka muliwai kokoke i kahakai a i ʻole i ka pali kahakai. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka maunu ma kahi kūpono e kālai ai i ka maʻi kanesa.
Hiki i ka mea hopu ke hoʻohana i nā koʻokoʻo lawaiʻa i ka manawa like. ʻO kā lākou helu e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka nui o ka crayfish i loko o ka waihona, ka hana o kā lākou zhora a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā nozzles. Wahi a ka mea noiʻi Suedena ʻo S. Abrahamsson, hoʻopili ka mea hoʻopili i ka crayfish i loko o ka wai kūpaʻa mai kahi wahi o 13 sq.m. No laila, ʻaʻole kūpono ke kau ʻana i nā mea hana ma mua o ka mamao o 5 m mai kēlā me kēia a ʻaʻole kokoke i 2,5 m mai ke kahakai. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā koʻokoʻo ma kahi mamao o 5-10 m mai kekahi i kekahi, ma nā wahi ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopu ʻana, ma nā wahi hopu liʻiliʻi - liʻiliʻi pinepine.
I ke ahiahi a me ka pō, e pili ana i ka zhor, nānā ʻia nā koʻokoʻo lawaiʻa i nā manawa he nui, i kekahi manawa ʻo 3-4 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia hola. ʻAʻole pono ka nui o ka lawaiʻa ma mua o 100-200 m ka lōʻihi, i hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i nā koʻokoʻo lawaiʻa i ka manawa, a hiki i ka wā e ʻai ai ka iʻa i ka maunu. Inā i ke ahiahi e emi iho ka iʻa, pono ʻoe e neʻe i kahi hou. I ka nānā ʻana i nā lāʻau lawaiʻa, huki pono ʻia ka lāʻau mai lalo a hāpai ʻia ke koʻokoʻo me ka mālie a me ka mālie i ʻole e wehe ka ʻili e pili ana i ka maunu, akā e piʻi aʻe me ia a kokoke i ka ʻili o ka wai. ʻohi pono ʻia ka mea pio mai lalo mai me ka ʻupena i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka wai. Hiki ke hoʻohua nui ka lawaiʻa. I kekahi manawa, hiki ke huki ʻia he 10-12 mau iʻa i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻO ka wēlau o ka lāʻau i nakinaki ʻia ai ke aho lawaiʻa, e hōʻike ana ua hoʻouka ka pāpaʻi i ka maunu.
ʻO Zakidushka a me zherlitsa keʻano like o ka paʻi me ke koʻokoʻo. Nakinaki maʻa lākou i ka maunu i kahi aho lawaiʻa 1,5 mika ka lōʻihi, a me ka lana ma kekahi ʻaoʻao. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi ʻūhā ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka maunu.
He ʻokoʻa ka lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo crayfish mai ka lāʻau lawaiʻa, no ka mea, ua nakinaki ʻia kahi ʻāpana kaula i ka lāʻau a i ʻole hoʻohana ʻia ke aho lawaiʻa. I kēia hihia, pili pono ka maunu i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka lāʻau. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lāʻau i lalo ma kahi o ka lawaiʻa e moe wale ai ka maunu ma lalo.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hopu ʻana me ka makau, zherlitse a me ka lāʻau crayfish ua like ia me ka hopu ʻana me ke koʻokoʻo. He lawaiʻa like lākou me ka iʻa me kēia mau mea hana a pau. Hoʻopaʻa mau ka mea lawaiʻa i ke koʻokoʻo ma kona mau lima a me ka manaʻo ua hopu ka iʻa i ka maunu, huki pono ʻo ia me ka maunu i ka ʻili o ka wai, kokoke i kahakai, a me kona lima ʻē aʻe e kau i ka ʻupena ma lalo. ka ʻuʻuku. Ma kēia ala e hopu ai lākou, no ka laʻana, ma Farani - aia ke apo i nakinaki ʻia i ka hope o ke aho lawaiʻa e hoʻopaʻa i ka maunu i loko.
Racevni
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Rachevni i kēia manawa. ʻO Rachevnya kahi ʻānaʻi ʻōniʻoniʻo i hohola ʻia ma luna o kahi puʻupuʻu metala. Ua hana ʻia nā hoops mai ka uwea galvanized. I ka wā ma mua, ua hana ʻia lākou mai ka willow a i ʻole nā lālā cherry manu, a ua nakinaki ʻia kahi pōhaku, ʻāpana hao a i ʻole ʻeke one ma waenakonu o ka pahu no ka huki ʻana. He 50 knm ke anawaena o ka hoop. ʻEkolu a ʻehā mau kaula lahilahi o ka lōʻihi like e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka puʻupuʻu ma kahi mamao like i mea e pale ʻole ai i ke kuʻekuʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpala, a hoʻohui iā lākou me kahi puʻupuʻu maʻamau, i loko o ka loop kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai kahi kaula ikaika no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana i ke kaʻa. . Inā hopu ʻia mai ke kahakai, pili ke kaula i ka pou. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka maunu i ka ʻupena, i ke kaula i hohola ʻia ma ke anawaena o ka puʻupuʻu a i ʻole ka lāʻau lahilahi, i hoʻopili pū ʻia i ka puʻupuʻu, a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka pahele i lalo. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kaula no ka huki ʻana i ka crustacean i ka buoy a i ʻole ka pou i paʻa i ka pali o kahakai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka pāpaʻi ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻuala, e pili ana i ka maunu, ʻaʻole hiki ke puka i waho o ka pahele ke hāpai ʻia mai ka wai. ʻAʻole pono ʻo Rachevny e hoʻokaʻulua e hāpai. I ka manawa like, hiki ke lawaiʻa me kekahi mau rachovni, waiho ʻia mai kēlā me kēia ma kahi mamao o 5-10 m.
Pehea a me kahi e hopu ai i ka crayfish
No ka maikaʻi o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, pono ʻoe e ʻike pehea a me kahi e hopu ai. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka crayfish ma muli o ka mālamalama o ka wai. I loko o nā wai ʻeleʻele ʻaʻole e hoʻouna maikaʻi i ka mālamalama, hiki ke kau ʻia ke kī i ke ahiahi, i kekahi manawa ma kahi o 15-16 mau hola. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka waiwai i loko o ia mau wai, aia i ke ahiahi, a i ke aumoe e emi iho ana, no ka emi ʻana o ka hana o ka crayfish. I ka wai maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka i ka hopu ʻana i ka iʻa ma mua o ke ahiahi, e ulu mau ana ka iʻa a hiki i ke aumoe a ma hope o ke aumoe. Ma hope o ka pōʻeleʻele o ka pō, ʻike ʻia kahi zhor hou, akā ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali ma mua o ke ahiahi.
Nui nā kumu ʻē aʻe e hoʻopili i ka hana o ka neʻe ʻana o ka crayfish. I ka wā ao, hiki ke hoʻomaka ka lawaiʻa ma mua o ka wā maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka ʻai maikaʻi loa o ka iʻa i nā pō mahana, pōʻeleʻele, a me ka wā ua. ʻOi aku ka ʻilihune o nā hopu i nā pō anuanu a me nā pō mālamalama, a ma lalo o ka mahina. Hoʻopilikia i ka lawaiʻa a me ka hekili.
Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā pahele ma kahi hohonu o 1-XNUMXm, akā inā ʻo nā mea kanu i ʻai ʻia e ka crayfish a me ka lalo kūpono no ko lākou wahi noho i nā wahi hohonu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo e hopu i kahi hohonu o kekahi mau mika. Noho hohonu ka crayfish i ka wai māmā ma mua o ka wai ʻeleʻele. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopu ʻana iā lākou i loko o nā pūnāwai me kahi pōhaku a i ʻole ka ʻiliʻili, ma nā uʻi pōhaku i haʻalele ʻia, nā alahaka, ma lalo o nā snags, ma nā pali pali a ma lalo o nā pali o ke kahakai mai lalo, kūpono no ka ʻeli ʻana i nā lua.
I ka pō, i ka wā o ka hopu ʻana, ʻaʻole i ana ʻia a ʻano ʻano ʻia ka crayfish, no ka mea, i ka pōʻeleʻele e lōʻihi ka manawa a lohi i ka hopu ʻana. ʻOhi ʻia ka iʻa i loko o nā kīʻaha me nā ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa, pali a me kahi ākea ākea i ʻole e waiho ʻia i kahi papa mānoanoa. ʻAʻole pono ka wai ma lalo o ka pā.
He mea maʻalahi loa ke ana ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka ʻaʻa me kahi lāʻau ana, aia kahi hoʻomaha i ke ʻano o ke kua o ka iʻa. ʻO 10 knm ka lōʻihi o ka lāʻau. Koho ʻia nā ʻuala ʻōpiopio ma lalo o 10 knm ka nui a hoʻokuʻu hou ʻia i loko o ka wai. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka wai ma kahi mamao o kahi lawaiʻa, i ʻole e hopu hou ʻia a hōʻeha ʻole ʻia.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana i ka crayfish
ʻO ka pinepine, pono e mālama ʻia ka crayfish no kekahi manawa ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana. Mālama ʻia lākou i loko o nā hīnaʻi. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo i mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, pono e mālama ʻia ka crayfish i loko o nā hale wai i hopu ʻia ai lākou. ʻO nā pahu haʻahaʻa i hana ʻia i nā papa, i loko o nā paia kahi i wili ʻia ai nā lua, a i ʻole nā pahu me nā pahu, ua hōʻike maikaʻi iā lākou iho e like me nā hīnaʻi. Mālama maikaʻi ʻia ka iʻa i loko o nā hīnaʻi i hana ʻia me nā papa lāʻau a i ʻole ka metala.
Pono e mālama ʻia ka iʻa i loko o nā hīnaʻi no ka manawa liʻiliʻi, no ka mea, ʻai lākou i kekahi i kekahi, ʻoi aku ka poʻe nele. I ka mālama ʻana i ka crayfish no nā lā ʻoi aku ma mua o 1-2 mau lā i loko o nā hīnaʻi, pono lākou e hānai ʻia i mea e mālama maikaʻi ʻia ai lākou a hoʻouka ʻole kekahi i kekahi. ʻO ka meaʻai maʻamau he iʻa hou. Hiki ke hānai ʻia ka iʻa i nā ʻupena, nā lau alder, nā ʻuala, nā ʻōpala pī, a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻike ʻia ua ʻoi aku ka hakakā ʻana o ka crayfish no ka iʻa ma mua o ka ʻai mea kanu. I kēia mau hakakā, nalowale ko lākou mau maiuu a loaʻa nā ʻeha ʻē aʻe. No ka pale ʻana i kēia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hānai ʻana i ka crayfish me ka meaʻai meaʻai i loko o nā hīnaʻi.
Lawe ʻia ka iʻa me ka wai ʻole, i loko o nā pahu ākea. Maikaʻi loa nā hīnaʻi wicker, e like me nā pahu lāʻau, pahu pahu a me nā pahu plastik, ʻoiai he nui nā lua ea.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka iʻa i loko o nā pahu ma kahi o 15 knm ke kiʻekiʻe ma hoʻokahi lālani. Ma ka lalo o nā pahu, a ma luna o ka crayfish, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e waiho i kahi papa o ka moss pulu, mauʻu, nettles, nā mea kanu wai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻaʻole pili pono kekahi i kekahi. Hiki ke lawe ʻia me ka palekana a me ka ʻole o nā ʻāpana waena, me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā papa o ka moss pulu. E hoʻokomo i ka iʻa i loko o nā pahu a uhi iā lākou me ka limu i ka hikiwawe ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e neʻe. Inā hoʻomaka ka iʻa e hōʻike i ka hana, e puʻupuʻu koke lākou ma nā kihi o ka pahu. Pono e mālama ʻia ʻaʻole uhi ʻia ka iʻa i ka wai i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma lalo o ka pahu.
I ka lawe ʻana i ka crayfish i ka wela o ke kauwela, pono e mālama i ka piʻi ʻole o ka mahana i loko o nā pahu. No ka hanaʻana i kēia, ponoʻoe e uhi i nā pahu mai ka lā pololei, e kau i nāʻeke hau a puni nā pahu, a pēlā aku. No ka mālamaʻana i ka mahana i makemakeʻia i loko, hiki ke hoʻopiliʻia nā pahu ma waho me nā mea maloʻo.
Ma ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe Kelemania, pono e maloʻo ka crayfish no ka hapalua lā ma hope o ka hopu ʻia ʻana ma mua o ka waiho ʻana i loko o nā pahu. Aia kekahi manaʻo ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawaiʻa inā ʻaʻole lākou i loaʻa ka meaʻai no kekahi manawa ma mua.
ʻO nā hana nui no ka mālama ʻana i ka crayfish i loko o nā waihona wai maoli: - ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi kanesa, ʻoi aku ka maʻi maʻi maʻi; - ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā ʻōlelo paipai no ka hopu ʻana i ka iʻa; - ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka crayfish; - hoʻemi i ka nui o nā ʻano nahele i loko o ka waihona; - hoʻomaikaʻi i ka noho ʻana o ka crayfish.
ʻO ke kuleana o kēlā me kēia mea aloha crayfish ʻo ke kōkua ʻana i ka localization o ka maʻi maʻi, e pale aku i ka laha ākea, e hahai i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i kūkulu ʻia no kēia mau hihia.
ʻO ka lawaiʻa koʻikoʻi kekahi o nā ala maikaʻi e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o nā iʻa i loko o ka loko. No ka hiki ʻana o ka crayfish i ke oʻo wahine i ka lōʻihi o 7-8 cm, a ʻo ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ʻae ʻia no ka hopu ʻana he 10 knm, ʻaʻole e hōʻino ka nui o ka hopu ʻana i kā lākou holoholona i loko o ka waihona. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka poʻe nui a lohi e noho ana i nā wahi noho maikaʻi loa mai ka waihona, e wikiwiki ka hana hou ʻana o ka iʻa. Pono e hoʻokuʻu koke ʻia nā wahine me nā hua manu a me nā crustaceans i ka wai.
ʻO nā kānaka 8-9 cm ka lōʻihi, i hiki i ka wā ʻōpio, kūpono no ka hoʻonoho hou ʻana. Pono e hana ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma mua o ʻAukake, i loaʻa i ka crayfish ka manawa e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kahi noho hou ma mua o ka male ʻana a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo.
Hopu i'a — Video
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