ʻO ka anemia ka hao, ka hopena o ka nele o ka hao

Hōʻike ʻia ka anemia e ka emi ʻana o ka helu o nā keʻena koko ʻulaʻula i loko o ke koko a i ʻole ko lākou ʻano hemoglobin. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui, i ka wā e noho nei, he luhi, he ʻili haʻalulu a ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka hanu i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana.

ʻO ka anemia hemahema ka hao ma muli o pauʻa hao. Hoʻopili ka hao i ka puaʻa "heme" o ka hemoglobin e hāʻawi ana i ka oxygen i nā sela o ke kino. He mea nui ka Oxygen no nā cell e hana i ka ikehu a hana i kā lākou mau hana.

ʻO ka maʻi anemia ka hapa nui o ka hao lilo ke koko ʻoʻoleʻa a mau ʻole a i ʻole a nele i ka hao ma ka ai. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kino ke synthesize i ka hao a no laila pono e huki ia mai ka meaʻai. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi, ma muli paha o nā pilikia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hao i ka hana ʻana o ka hemoglobin.

Nā hōʻailona o ka anemia hemahema hao

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe me anemia hemahema hao ʻaʻole ʻike iki. ʻO nā hōʻailona ke hilinaʻi nui i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka anemia.

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Kanaka pilikia

• ʻO nā wāhine hānau keiki i loaʻa menstruation nui loa, no ka mea, ua pau ka hao i loko o ke koko menstrual.
• ka hapai wahine a me ka poʻe i loaʻa i nā ʻōpū he nui a kokoke.
• ka ʻO nā mea'ōpio.
• ka keiki a, mai ka 6 mahina a hiki i 4 makahiki.
• ʻO ka poʻe me kahi maʻi e hoʻoulu ai i ka malabsorption hao: ʻO ka maʻi o Crohn a i ʻole maʻi celiac, no ka laʻana.
• ʻO ka poʻe me ka pilikia olakino e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke koko maʻamau i loko o ka waihona (ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia e ka maka): he maʻi peptic, benign colon polyps or colorectal cancer, no ka laʻana.
• ka kanaka meaʻai, ʻoi loa inā ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai i kekahi huahana kumu holoholona (vegan diet).
• ka keiki ka poe hanau ole ia.
• ʻO ka poʻe e ʻai mau i kekahi nā lāʻauʻona, e like me nā antacids-type inhibitor proton pump no ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka puʻuwai. Hoʻololi ka acidity o ka ʻōpū i ka hao i loko o ka meaʻai i kahi ʻano e hiki ke hoʻomoʻa ʻia e ka ʻōpū. Hiki i ka aspirin a me nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal ke hoʻoulu i ke koko o ka ʻōpū i ka wā lōʻihi.
• Ka poʻe e ʻehaʻeha neinā mālamalama maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoi aku ka poʻe ma ka dialysis.

ʻO ke kuhikuhina

ʻO ka anemia nele ka hao ke ʻano o ka anemia ʻO ka mea maʻamau. ʻOi aku ma mua o 30% o ka heluna o ka honua i loaʻa i ka anemia, e like me ka World Health Organization¹. ʻO ka hapalua o kēia mau hihia i manaʻo ʻia ma muli o ka nele o ka hao, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā ʻāina ulu.

Ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻEulopa, ua manaʻo ʻia he 4% a hiki i ka 8% o nā wahine hānau keiki hemahema i loko Ka hao³. He ʻokoʻa paha nā manaʻo no ka mea ʻaʻole like nā pae i hoʻohana ʻia e wehewehe i ka hemahema o ka hao ma nā wahi āpau. I nā kāne a me nā wahine postmenopausal, ʻaʻole kakaikahi ka hao.

Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, ʻo kekahi mau meaʻai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, e like me ka palaoa palaoa, ka palaoa ʻaina kakahiaka, ka laiki i hoʻomo mua ʻia, a me ka pasta. hao i paa i mea e pale ai i na hemahema.

PalekanaEND_LINK

Mai nā hōʻailona oanemia hemahema hao ma muli paha o kekahi pilikia olakino, pono e hana ʻia ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻana o kahi laʻana koko ma mua o ka hana ʻana i kahi hōʻailona. ʻO ka helu koko piha (helu koko piha) ke kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia e ke kauka.

Pau ana keia 3 ana hiki ke ʻike i ka anemia. Inā loa'a ka anemia nele i ka hao, aia nā hopena ma lalo o nā waiwai ma'amau.

• Hemoglobin pae : ke kuʻina o ka hemoglobin i loko o ke koko, i hōʻike ʻia i ka grams o ka hemoglobin no ka lita o ke koko (g / l) a i ʻole 100 ml o ke koko (g / 100 ml a i ʻole g / dl).
• ʻO ka pae hematocrit : ka ratio, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pākēneka, o ka leo i noho ʻia e nā keʻena koko ʻulaʻula o kahi laʻana koko (i hele ma ka centrifuge) i ka nui o ke koko holoʻokoʻa i loko o kēia hāpana.
• Ka helu ʻulaʻula : ka heluna o ke koko ʻulaʻula i loko o ke koko i hāʻawi ʻia, i hōʻike maʻamau ʻia i loko o nā miliona o ke koko ʻulaʻula ma ka microliter o ke koko.

Nā waiwai maʻamau

hoʻopuka. Hoʻopili kēia mau waiwai i ka maʻamau no 95% o nā kānaka. ʻO kēia ke ʻano he 5% o ka poʻe i loaʻa nā waiwai "non-standard" i ke olakino maikaʻi. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā hopena ma nā palena haʻahaʻa o ka maʻamau ke hōʻike i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka anemia inā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe.

Hiki i nā ho'āʻo koko ʻē aʻe hōʻoia i ka hōʻailona o ka iron deficiency anemia:

• ʻO ka helu o transferrin : ʻO ka transferrin he protein hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka hao. Lawe ʻo ia i nā ʻiʻo a me nā kino. Hiki i nā mea like ʻole ke hoʻopili i ka pae transferrin. Inā nele ka hao, piʻi ka pae transferrin.
• ʻO ka helu o hao serum : hiki i kēia ana ke nānā i ka piʻi ʻana o ka pae transferrin ma muli o kahi hemahema hao. ʻIke pololei ia i ka nui o ka hao e holo ana i loko o ke koko.
• ʻO ka helu o ferritin : hāʻawi i ka manaʻo o nā mea hao. ʻO Ferritin kahi pūmua i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka hao i loko o ke akepaʻa, ka spleen a me ka iwi iwi. Inā nele ka hao, e emi ana kona waiwai.
• Ka nana ana a kāʻili koko e ka mea hematologist, e nānā i ka nui a me ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana koko ʻulaʻula. I loko o ka anemia nele i ka hao, liʻiliʻi kēia mau mea, ʻeleʻele a ʻano loli loa ke ʻano.

hoʻopuka. pae hemoglobin maʻamau ʻokoʻa paha kēlā me kēia kanaka a me kēlā me kēia lāhui. ʻO ke kūlana hilinaʻi loa ʻo ia ka mea o kēlā me kēia kanaka, wahi a Marc Zaffran, kauka. No laila, inā ʻike mākou i ka manawa like i kahi ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hoʻokolohua 2 i hana ʻia i nā manawa like ʻole et ke alo o nā hōʻailona (ʻulaʻula, pōkole o ka hanu, wikiwiki ka puʻuwai, luhi, hoʻokahe koko, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), pono e loaʻa kēia i ke kauka. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke kanaka i ʻike ʻia he anemia haʻahaʻa ma muli o ke ana ʻana o ka hemoglobin koko akā ʻaʻohe ona hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻaʻole pono ia e lawe i ka hao, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā hopena koko no kekahi mau pule, ʻōlelo ʻo Marc Zaffran.

Nā pilikia i hiki

ʻAʻohe hopena olakino koʻikoʻi i ka anemia haʻahaʻa. Inā ʻaʻohe pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe, ʻike wale ʻia nā hōʻailona kino i ka wā hoʻomaha no ka waiwai hemoglobin ma lalo o 80 g / l (inā ua hoʻokomo mālie ka anemia).

Eia nō naʻe, inā haʻalele ʻole ʻia, hiki i kona ʻino ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi:

• o ka popilikia puʻuwai : koi nui ka hooikaika ana o ka puuwai puuwai, ka nui o ka hookiekie ana; ʻO ke kanaka me ka maʻi ʻaʻaʻa coronary e piʻi aʻe ka pilikia o ka angina pectoris.
• no ka mea, hapai wahine : piʻi aʻe ka pilikia o ka hānau mua ʻana a me nā pēpē kaumaha haʻahaʻa.