listeriosis

Hōʻike ākea o ka maʻi

ʻO kēia kahi pathology bacterial zoonotic, ka mea causative nona nā listeria microorganisms.^[3]… Hiki i ka Listeriosis ke hoʻopili i nā ʻōnaehana pale a me nā pūnao, a me nā lālā nui. Ma ke ʻano he rula, hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi iā ia iho i nā maʻi kū kaʻawale, akā aia kekahi mau hihia o ka laha ākea ʻana, akā ʻano kākaʻikahi kēia.

Wahi a WHO, 2-3 mau hihia o ka maʻi i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka 1000000 poʻe. Hoʻolahalaha ka maʻi i hōʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia wahi, me ka nānā ʻole i ke aniau a me ke kūlana hoʻokele i ka ʻāina.

ʻO nā ʻano holoholona āpau a me nā manu, e like me nā mea mālama holoholona, ​​maʻalahi i ka listeriosis. I nā mea maʻi immunocompromised, listyrosis e asy asymatic. ʻO nā keiki, nā wahine hāpai, nā ʻelemākule a me nā poʻe HIV-maikaʻi e maʻalahi i ka maʻi.

Kūpaʻa ʻo Listeria i nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o ke kaiapuni, ʻae maikaʻi i nā hau, hiki ke hana hou i ka wai a me nā kupapaʻu holoholona, ​​a noho kūpono ma lalo o ke kū pololei ʻana i nā kukuna o ka lā a 15 mau minuke.

Ma hope o ka hoʻōla hou ʻana, i loko o kahi kanaka i loaʻa i ka listeriosis, hana ʻia nā mea ʻohola kikoʻī i loko o ke kino, no laila ʻaʻole maʻi nā kānaka me kēia maʻi hou.

Nā kumu o listeriosis

Hiki i ka Listeria ke komo i ke kino o ke kanaka ma o nā ʻeha a me nā kaha i ka ʻili, nā tonsil, nā membrane mucous o nā maka a me nā ʻōpū o ka gastrointestinal, ma o ka hanu hanu luna a ma o ka umbilical cord i ka fetus

Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Listeria i loko o nā hunaola i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka a hoʻomaka e hoʻomāhuahua ma laila, a laila, hoʻomaka ke kino e hana i nā phagocytes, a komo ka Listeria i loko o ka lymph a hāpai ʻia i loko o ke kino.

Nā ala e hoʻolaha ai i listeria:

• hematogenous… Inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻōnaehana pale pale kaua e hakakā me ka causative agena o ka maʻi, listeria e hōʻino i nā paia o nā kīʻaha koko, komo i ke kahe o ke koko a hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā sepsis, ma muli o ka hopena o ka ʻōnaehana a me nā ʻōpū o loko.
• ma ka placenta… I loko o kahi makuahine e hiki ana i ka maʻi i loaʻa i ka maʻi, komo ʻo Listeria i ka placenta, ma o lākou komo lākou i ke ake o ke pēpē a laila hohola ma waena o ke kahe o ke koko i loko o ke kino o ka fetus;
• limuhoihoi… Pālahalaha nā koʻohuna ma o ka ʻōnaehana lymphatic a noho i loko o nā lymph node, i hoʻonui ʻia.

Nā ʻano o listeriosis

1. 1 kumulela - hele a maʻi ke keiki mai ka makuahine i ka wā o intrauterine development a i ʻole ka mahina mua o ke ola;
2. 2 angio-septic kū i ka wā o ka maʻi ma o ka waha a i ʻole nā ​​droplets airborne;
3. 3 pale hiki ke hana me kekahi ʻano o ka maʻi;
4. 4 ʻaukā - ke ʻano rarest loa i kū ʻia ke maʻi ʻia e ka hoʻopili ʻana;
5. 5 typhoid maʻamau no nā keiki me ka palekana.

ʻO ke kumu o ka maʻi hiki ke maʻi i nā kānaka, a me nā kiore, nā pōpoki, nā puaʻa, nā ʻīlio, nā iʻa a me nā iʻa iʻa, nā bipi a me nā ruminants liʻiliʻi, nā mōʻī.

Hiki i kekahi kanaka ke lilo i maʻi me ka listeriosis i kēia mau ʻano:

• Hoʻokaʻaʻike - mai kahi mea maʻi, ma o ka lawā ma hope o ka nahu ʻia ʻana e kekahi holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi, ma o ka ʻili poino;
• hoʻopaneʻe - hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hānau hānau, hāʻule ʻole a me ka lohi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Hiki i ke keiki ke lilo i maʻi mai ka makuahine ma o ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū a me nā ʻōmole ea;
• aerogenic - ke mikohukū, kamaʻilio a ʻūlū paha kahi mea maʻi, a i ka wā e ʻaʻahu ana i nā ʻili a i ʻole fluff;
• mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā - i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa paʻakai, ka meaʻai hiki, ka wai mai nā waihona kūlohelohe, nā huahana waiu.

ʻO ka hui pilikia no listeriosis e komo pū me:

1. 1 nā keiki ma lalo o 6 mau makahiki;
2. 2 ka poʻe ʻelemākule ma mua o 60;
3. 3 nā kānaka me nā immunodeficiencies;
4. 4 nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi diabetes a me ka maʻi puʻu;
5. 5 ka poʻe e loaʻa nei i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā maʻi autoimmune;
6. 6 poʻe i, ma muli o kā lākou ʻoihana, hāʻule i loko o kahi hui pōpilikia: nāhelehele, nā lawaiʻa, nā palekeiki, nā kauka holoholona, ​​nā mea hana waiū, nā mea hana hale luku, nā kahu pipi.

Nā ʻōuli o listeriosis

Kūlike nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi i hōʻike ʻia i ka ʻano o ka maʻi.

• maʻi ʻino hōʻike iā ia iho me he kuni hoʻonāwaliwali, ʻeha ʻeha ke poʻo, ʻeha ka ʻeha puʻuwai, luaʻi, ʻulaʻula paha o nā maka a me ka ʻili. Hiki ke hala ma 4 a 21 mau lā a ke ʻano o nā ʻano maʻi āpau.
• nā maʻi dyspeptic… Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā maʻi Digestive e ka diarrhea, ka nele o ka makemake, ʻoi aku, a i ʻole, ʻeha ka ʻeha i ke ake. Hiki ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona like a hiki i 30 mau lā i nā ʻano listeriosis āpau;
• pehu lymph node hiki i ka laulā mai 0,5 a 2 cm. I kēia hihia, hiki i nā lymph node ke ʻeha, akā me ka ʻole o nā mea purulent. Hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona ke hōʻailona o kekahi ʻano o ka maʻi;
• hepatosplenomegaly… Me ka lymph, listeria komo i ke akepaʻa a me ka pelele, a ma hope a laila hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻonui ma laila. No laila, i ka nānā ʻana i kahi mea maʻi, hoʻonui ʻia kēia mau mea i 1-2 cm;
• angina… I ka manawa i loko o nā tonsil, hoʻomaka ʻo Listeria e hoʻonui, hoʻonui nā tonsil a lilo i mea ʻole. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka foci purulent i ke ʻano o nā kiko a i ʻole nā ​​kiʻi ʻoniʻoni hina purulent i hiki. ʻO nā hōʻailona like ke ʻano o ka anginal-septic form, a hiki ke nānā ʻia no 5-15 mau lā;
• pehu o nā lihilihi maka, ʻike ʻia ka conjunctivitis ma ka ocular-glandular form of listeriosis, ma hope o ke komo ʻana o listeria i loko o ka sclera o ka maka. Ke hopohopo nei ka mea hoʻomanawanui e pili ana i ka lacrimation, hoʻemi i ka ʻike maka, photophobia, i kekahi mau manawa purulent hoʻokuʻu mai ka maka;
• maningitis, maningoencephalitis hoʻomohala me kahi ʻano hopohopo o listeriosis. Hoʻopiʻi ka mea hoʻomanawanui i ka maʻi poʻo ʻole me ka luaʻi, paresthesia, ʻike maka ʻole, ptosis, haʻi ʻōlelo, anisocoria;
• sepsis. Ke komo nei i loko o ke kahe o ke koko, listeria hohola i loko o ke kino a hoʻonāukiuki i nā malfunction i ka hana o nā meaola nui. Hoʻopiʻi ka mea hoʻomanawanui no ka hoʻoluhi, ka wela, ka hanu o ka hanu, ka tachycardia, ka hoʻemi ʻia o ka mimi, ka jaundice a me nā ʻili. ʻO kēia mau ʻōuli ke ʻano o ka typhoid form.

Nā pilikia o ka listeriosis

Me ka hana kūpono ʻole a untimely paha o ka listeriosis, hiki i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi. Me kahi ʻano hopohopo, hiki i ka hydrocephalus a me ka dementia ke ulu. Hiki i ka hopena septic ke hopena i ka hanu ʻole a me ka haʻalulu pōpilikia infectious.

Prophylaxis o listeriosis

1. 1 hui pū nā hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā maʻi ahulau: ka mālama ʻana i nā huahana i hoʻohaumia ʻia, ka luku ʻana i nā kupapaʻu o nā holoholona i loaʻa i ka listeriosis, ka mālama ʻana i nā rodents i loko o nā hale kūʻai meaʻai, ka nānā mau ʻana i nā poʻe o nā pūʻulu pilikia ʻoihana, hoʻokaʻawale i nā holoholona maʻi;
2. 2 komo nā ana pākahi: ka mālama wela o ka waiu, ka ʻiʻo a me nā huahana iʻa, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe lima, ka inu ʻana i ka wai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pilina me nā holoholona hele hewa a me nā nūnū, mālama pono i nā nahu holoholona;
3. 3 ana lehulehu: nā hoʻokolohua pale maʻamau, ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai diabetes, ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka meaʻai a me ka wai kiʻekiʻe wale nō.

Ka mālama ʻana i ka listeriosis i ka lāʻau mainstream

ʻO ka therapy o ka maʻi i hōʻike ʻia e koi ai i kahi ala i hoʻohui ʻia. ʻO ka kūleʻa o ka mālama ʻana ma muli o ka ʻike kūpono, ke ʻano o ka maʻi, ka makahiki a me ke kūlana o ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi o ka mea maʻi a me ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka lāʻau. Mālama wale ʻia nā mea maʻi ʻo Listeria ma kahi kaukapila.

Me ka listeriosis, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau antibiotic lōʻihi - mai 14 a 20 mau lā. Eia kekahi, pono ka detoxification therapy, ma muli o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā huahana ʻōpala o Listeria mai ke kino. I ke alo o ka edema, kuhikuhi ʻia nā diuretics.

I kekahi mau hihia, hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hormone no nā mea maʻi me ka listeriosis, a no ka meningitis a me ka encephalitis, pono e kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka lolo. Me ka sepsis, pono pono e lawe ma kahi o 3-5 mau kau o ka plasmaphoresis.

Hoʻohui ʻia, pono e mālama ʻia nā maʻi concomitant a pono e kiaʻi pono ʻia ka glucose koko.

E nānā!

ʻAʻole kuleana ke alakaʻi no nā hoʻāʻo e hoʻohana i ka ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia, a ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohiki ʻaʻole e hōʻeha iā ʻoe iho. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana i nā mea e kuhikuhi ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a hana i kahi kuhi. E nīnau mau i kāu kauka loea.