ʻO ka spermocytogram kekahi o nā hōʻike koʻikoʻi i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ke kāne. ʻO kahi hapa nui o ka loiloi sperm, aia i ka nānā ʻana ma lalo o kahi microscope i ka morphology o 3 ʻekolu mau mea o ka spermatozoa: ke poʻo, ka hapa waena a me ka flagellum.

ʻO ka spermocytogram kahi hoʻokolokolo e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka morphology o ka sperm, kekahi o nā ʻāpana sperm i aʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana i ka momona. Hiki iā ia ke wehewehe i ka pakeneka o nā ʻano maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi ka spermatozoa o ka morphology maʻamau, kahi ʻikepili prognostic koʻikoʻi e wehewehe i nā manawa o ka fertilization. I loko o ka ola (hapu kūlohelohe) a I loko o ka ola. No laila, ʻo ka spermocytogram kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi e alakaʻi i ka hoʻokele ʻana o nā kāne i ka insemination, maʻamau in vitro fertilization (IVF) a i ʻole. i loko o ka intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Hana ʻia ka spermocytogram ma kahi laʻana o ka hua mai ke kāne. I mea e loaʻa ai nā hopena hilinaʻi, pono e hana ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka semen ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi:

• ua nānā i kahi manawa o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka moekolohe o 2 a 7 mau lā, e like me nā ʻōlelo a WHO o 2010 (1);
• inā he kuni, lāʻau lapaʻau, X-ray, ʻoki, hōʻiliʻili e hoʻopanee ʻia no ka mea hiki i kēia mau hanana ke hoʻololi i ka spermatogenesis.

Hana ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i loko o ka hale hana. I loko o kahi lumi kaʻawale i hoʻolaʻa ʻia, ma hope o ka holoi ʻana i nā lima a me nā glans, e hōʻiliʻili ke kāne i kāna sperm i loko o kahi hue sterile, ma hope o ka masturbation.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka sperm i loko o ka umu ma 37 ° C no 30 mau minuke, a laila ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana sperm like ʻole: ka ʻike ʻana o ka sperm, ko lākou mobility, ko lākou ola a me kā lākou morphology.

ʻO kēia palena hope, a i ʻole spermocytogram, ʻo ia ka pae lōʻihi a paʻakikī loa o ka spermogram. Ma lalo o ka microscope X1000, ma nā smears paʻa a paʻa ʻia, e aʻo ka mea olaola i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka spermatozoa i mea e ʻike ai i nā mea ʻino.

• nā mea ʻino o ke poʻo;
• anomalies o ka hapa waena;
• nā mea ʻino o ka flagellum, a i ʻole ka hapa nui.

Mai kēia heluhelu ʻana, e wehewehe ka mea olaola i ka pākēneka o ka morphologically typical or atypical spermatozoa, a me ke ʻano o nā mea ʻino i ʻike ʻia. 

Lawe ʻia ka spermocytogram ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka spermogram (semen analysis), kahi hoʻokolokolo i kuhikuhi ʻia i nā kāne i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā kāne e kūkākūkā ana no nā pilikia i ka hāpai ʻana.

Aia ʻelua papa helu no nā hopena o ka spermocytogram: ka hoʻololi ʻia ʻana o David classification (2), Farani, a me ka Kruger classification, international, i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO). E hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā hopena.

Hoʻopaʻa nā ʻōnaehana ʻelua i nā mea ʻino i loaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi o 100 spermatozoa, akā me kahi ʻōnaehana ʻokoʻa:

• ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o Kruger ʻike ʻia 4 papa o nā anomalies ma ke ʻano koʻikoʻi: nā anomalies e pili ana i ka acrosome (ma ke alo o ke poʻo), nā poʻo, nā ʻaoʻao waena a me nā flagellum. Hoʻokahi wale nō anomaly i loko o kekahi o nā papa 4 no ka spermatozoon e helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he "atypical form";
• ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o David ʻike i 7 anomalies o ke poʻo (elongated, thinned, microcephalic, macrocephalic, multiple head, presenting a abnormal or absent acrosome, presenting a abnormal base), 3 anomalies of the intermediate part (ke alo o ka cytoplasmic koena, ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, angulated) a me 5 anomalies flagellum (ʻaʻole, ʻoki pōkole, anana ʻokoʻa, ʻōwili a lehulehu) i loko o kahi papa helu pālua.

ʻOkoʻa ka paepae o nā ʻano maʻamau e like me nā papa ʻelua. Wahi a ka Kruger classification, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka sperm morphology he mea maʻamau ke ʻike kekahi i ke alo o 4% o ka spermatozoa maʻamau, kūʻē i ka 15% e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana o David classification. Ma lalo nei, kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka teratospermia (a i ʻole teratozoospermia), kahi mea ʻino o ka sperm hiki ke hōʻemi i ka manawa o ka hāpai ʻana.

Eia nō naʻe, koi mau ka spermogram maʻamau i ka nānā ʻelua ma 3 mau mahina (ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka pōʻai spermatogenesis he 74 mau lā), no ka mea, hiki i nā kumu he nui (koʻikoʻi, maʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ke hoʻololi i nā ʻāpana spermatic.

I ka hopena o ka teratozoospermia i hōʻoia ʻia, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka IVF-ICSI (in vitro fertilization me intracytoplasmic injection) i nā kāne. ʻO kēia ʻenehana AMP ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi sperm hoʻokahi, i koho mua ʻia a hoʻomākaukau ʻia, pololei i loko o ka cytoplasm o ka oocyte makua.