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Ua hoihoi mau ka lani hōkū i nā kānaka. ʻOiai ma ke kūlana haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka ʻaʻahu ʻana i nā ʻili holoholona a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana pōhaku, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ke kanaka i kona poʻo a nānā i nā mea pohihihi i ʻālohilohi i ka hohonu o ka lani ākea.
Ua lilo na hoku i kumu o ka moolelo o kanaka. Wahi a ka poʻe kahiko, ma laila nā akua i noho ai. He mea laʻa mau nā hōkū no ke kanaka, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i ke kanaka maʻamau. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻepekema kahiko loa o ke kanaka ʻo ia ka ʻike kilokilo, kahi i aʻo ai i ka mana o nā kino lani i ke ola kanaka.
I kēia mau lā, ʻo nā hoku ka mea nui o ko kākou nānā ʻana, akā, he ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua aʻo hou ka poʻe hoku iā lākou, a ua haku ka poʻe kākau moʻolelo moʻolelo ʻepekema i nā moʻolelo e pili ana i ka manawa e hiki ai ke kanaka i nā hōkū. Hoʻokiʻekiʻe pinepine ke kanaka maʻamau i kona poʻo e mahalo i nā hōkū nani i ka pō, e like me kāna mau kūpuna mamao i hana ai i nā miliona makahiki i hala. Ua hōʻuluʻulu mākou i kahi papa inoa no ʻoe nā hōkū ʻālohilohi loa o ka lewa.
10 ʻO ka moʻo kaʻahele
Ma ka ʻumi o kā mākou papa inoa ʻo Betelgeuse, kapa ʻia e ka poʻe hōkū ʻo α Orionis. He mea pohihihi keia hoku i ka poe kilo hoku: ke hoopaapaa mau nei lakou no kona kumu a aole hiki ke hoomaopopo i kona loli pinepine.
Aia kēia hōkū i ka papa o nā pilikua ʻulaʻula a ʻo kona nui he 500-800 ka nui o ko kākou Lā. Inā mākou e hoʻoneʻe iā ia i loko o kā mākou pūnaewele, a laila e hoʻonui kona mau palena i ka orbit o Jupiter. I nā makahiki he 15 i hala iho nei, ua emi ka nui o kēia hōkū ma 15%. ʻAʻole maopopo ka poʻe ʻepekema i ke kumu o kēia hanana.
Aia ʻo Betelgeuse ma kahi lōʻihi o 570 mau makahiki māmā mai ka Lā, no laila ʻaʻole e hele kahi huakaʻi i laila i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
9. Achernar or α Eridani
ʻO ka hōkū mua ma kēia pūʻulu hōkū, ʻeiwa ia ma kā mākou papa inoa. nā hōkū ʻōlinolino o ka lani pō. Aia ʻo Achernar ma ka hope loa o ka hōkū hōkū ʻo Eridani. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia hōkū ma ke ʻano he papa o nā hōkū polū, ʻewalu manawa ʻoi aku kona kaumaha ma mua o ko kākou Lā a ʻoi aku ma mua o kona mālamalama i hoʻokahi kaukani manawa.
ʻO Achernar he 144 mau makahiki māmā mai kā mākou ʻōnaehana solar, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hele i laila i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o kēia hōkū, ʻo ia ka hoʻohuli ʻana i kona axis me ka wikiwiki nui.
8. Procyon a i ʻole α o ka ʻīlio liʻiliʻi
ʻO kēia hōkū ka ʻewalu ma kona olinolino ma ko kakou lewa. Ua unuhi ʻia ka inoa o kēia hōkū mai ka Helene mai "ma mua o ka ʻīlio." Komo ʻo Procyon i ka triangle hoʻoilo, me nā hōkū Sirius a me Betelgeuse.
He hoku binary keia hoku. I ka lani, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka hōkū nui aʻe o ka lua, ʻo ka hōkū ʻelua he dwarf keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi.
Aia kekahi moʻolelo pili i kēia hōkū. ʻO ka constellation Canis Minor ka hōʻailona o ka ʻīlio o ka mea hana waina mua, ʻo Ikaria, ka mea i pepehi ʻia e nā kahu hipa hoʻopunipuni, ma hope o kona inu ʻana i kāna waina ma mua. Ua loaʻa i ka ʻīlio ʻoiaʻiʻo ka lua kupapaʻu o ka mea nona ka hale.
7. Rigel a i ʻole β Orionis
ʻO kēia hōkū ʻO ka hiku o ka mālamalama o ko kākou lani. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka wahi haʻahaʻa loa i ko mākou kūlana ʻo ka mamao loa ma waena o ka Honua a me kēia hōkū. Inā kokoke iki ʻo Rigel (ma kahi mamao o Sirius, no ka laʻana), a laila ma kona ʻōlinolino e ʻoi aku ia ma mua o nā kukui ʻē aʻe.
Aia ʻo Rigel i ka papa o nā supergiants uliuli-keʻokeʻo. He mea kupanaha ka nui o keia hoku: he 74 manawa ka nui o ko kakou La. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻo Rigel hoʻokahi hōkū, akā ʻekolu: ma waho aʻe o ka pilikua, aia kēia hui stellar i ʻelua mau hōkū liʻiliʻi.
Aia ʻo Rigel ma kahi mamao o 870 mau makahiki māmā mai ka Lā, ʻo ia ka nui.
Unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo ʻAlapia, ʻo ka inoa o kēia hōkū ʻo ia ka "wāwae". Ua ʻike ka poʻe i kēia hōkū no ka manawa lōʻihi, ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo o nā lāhui he nui, e hoʻomaka ana me ko ʻAigupita kahiko. Ua manaʻo lākou ʻo Rigel ka incarnation o Osiris, kekahi o nā akua ikaika loa i kā lākou pantheon.
6. Chapel a i ʻole α Aurigae
kekahi o nā hōkū nani loa o ko kākou lani. He hōkū ʻelua kēia, i ka wā kahiko he constellation kūʻokoʻa a hōʻailona i ke kao me nā keiki. He hōkū ʻelua ʻo Capella me nā pilikua melemele ʻelua e hoʻopuni ana i kahi kikowaena maʻamau. ʻO kēlā me kēia o kēia mau hōkū he 2,5 manawa ke kaumaha ma mua o ko mākou Lā a aia lākou ma kahi mamao o 42 mau makahiki māmā mai kā mākou papa honua. ʻOi aku ka mālamalama o kēia mau hōkū ma mua o ko kākou lā.
ʻO kahi moʻolelo Helene kahiko e pili ana i ka Chapel, e like me kā Zeus i hānai ʻia e ke kao ʻo Amalthea. I kekahi lā, ua haki ʻole ʻo Zeus i kekahi o nā pepeiaohao o ka holoholona, a no laila ua ʻike ʻia kahi cornucopia ma ka honua.
5. ʻO Vega a i ʻole α Lyra
kekahi o nā hōkū ʻālohilohi a nani loa o ko kākou lani. Aia ia ma kahi mamao o 25 mau makahiki māmā mai ko mākou Lā (ʻo ia kahi mamao liʻiliʻi). No ka hui hōkū ʻo Lyra ʻo Vega, ʻaneʻane ʻekolu manawa ka nui o kēia hōkū i ko kākou Lā.
Kaʻapuni kēia hōkū a puni kona axis me ka wikiwiki o ka ʻāʻī.
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Vega kekahi o nā hōkū i aʻo nui ʻia. Aia ia ma kahi mamao a kūpono loa no ka noiʻi.
Nui nā moʻolelo o nā lāhui like ʻole o ko kākou honua i pili i kēia hōkū. Ma ko mākou latitu, ʻo Vega kekahi o na hoku malamalama loa o ka lewa a ʻo ka lua wale nō iā Sirius a me Arcturus.
4. ʻO Arcturus a i ʻole α Bootes
kekahi o nā hōkū ʻālohilohi a nani loa o ka lewahiki ke ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi a pau o ka honua. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻōlinolino ʻo ia ka nui o ka hōkū a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka mamao mai ia a i ko kākou honua.
Aia ʻo Arcturus i ka papa o nā pilikua ʻulaʻula a he nui kona nui. ʻO ka mamao mai ko mākou ʻōnaehana solar a hiki i kēia hōkū "wale nō" 36,7 mau makahiki māmā. ʻOi aku ma mua o 25 mau manawa ka nui ma mua o ko mākou hōkū. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka mālamalama o Arcturus he 110 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka Lā.
Ua aie keia hoku i kona inoa i ka constellation Ursa Major. Unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Helene, ʻo kona inoa ʻo ia ke ʻano "ke kahu o ka bea." He mea maʻalahi loa ʻo Arcturus i ka lani hōkū, pono ʻoe e kaha kiʻi i kahi arc noʻonoʻo ma o ka lima o ka Bākeke Big Dipper.
3. ʻO Toliman a i ʻole α Centauri
Aia ma kahi lua o kā mākou papa inoa he hōkū ʻekolu, no ka constellation Centaurus. Aia i loko o kēia ʻōnaehana hoku ʻekolu mau hōkū: ʻelua o lākou e pili kokoke ana i ko mākou Lā a me ke kolu o ka hōkū, ʻo ia ka ʻulaʻula i kapa ʻia ʻo Proxima Centauri.
Kāhea ka poʻe Astronomers i ka hōkū ʻelua i hiki iā mākou ke ʻike me ka maka ʻōlohelohe ʻo Toliban. Kokoke loa kēia mau hōkū i ko kākou ʻōnaehana honua, a no laila, ua ʻālohilohi loa iā kākou. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he haʻahaʻa loa ko lākou kukui a me ka nui. ʻO ka mamao mai ka Lā a i kēia mau hōkū he 4,36 mau makahiki māmā. Ma nā kūlana astronomical, kokoke i laila. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Proxima Centauri i ka makahiki 1915 wale nō, he ʻano ʻē kona ʻano, hoʻololi ʻia kona kukui i kēlā me kēia manawa.
2. Canopus a i ʻole α Carinae
ʻo kēia ka lua o ka hoku malamalama loa o ko kakou lani. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike, no ka mea, ʻike ʻia ʻo Canopus ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ko mākou honua. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, ʻike ʻia ia ma nā latitu tropical.
ʻO kēia ka hōkū ʻālohilohi loa ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, ʻo ia hoʻi, hana ia i ka hana like ma ka hoʻokele ʻana e like me ka Hōkū ʻĀkau ma ka ʻāpana ʻākau.
He hōkū nui ʻo Canopus, ʻewalu mau manawa ka nui ma mua o ko mākou kukui. Aia kēia hōkū i ka papa o nā mea nunui, a ʻo ia ka lua o ka wahi ma ke ʻano o ka mālamalama wale nō no ka nui loa o ka mamao. ʻO ka mamao mai ka Lā a i Canopus ma kahi o 319 mau makahiki māmā. ʻO Canopus ka hōkū mālamalama loa i loko o ka radius o 700 mau makahiki māmā.
ʻAʻohe manaʻo kuʻikahi i ke kumu o ka inoa o ka hōkū. ʻO ka mea nui paha, ua loaʻa kona inoa i ka hanohano o ka helmsman ma luna o ka moku o Menelaus (he ʻano kēia ma ka epic Helene e pili ana i ke kaua Trojan).
1. Sirius a i ʻole α Canis Major
ʻO ka hōkū ʻālohilohi loa o ko kākou lani, no ka hui hōkū ʻo Canis Major. Hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia hōkū ʻo ka mea nui loa no ka honua, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma hope o ko mākou Lā. Mai ka wā kahiko mai, mahalo nui nā kānaka i kēia kukui. Nui nā moʻolelo a me nā kaʻao e pili ana iā ia. Ua kau ko ʻAigupita kahiko i ko lākou mau akua ma luna o Sirius. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia hōkū mai nā wahi a pau o ka ili o ka honua.
Ua nānā ka poʻe Sumerians kahiko iā Sirius a manaʻoʻiʻo aia ma luna o laila nā akua i hana i ke ola ma kā mākou honua. Ua nānā pono ka poʻe ʻAigupita i kēia hōkū, ua pili pū me kā lākou hoʻomana hoʻomana o Osiris a me Isis. Eia kekahi, e like me Sirius, ua hoʻoholo lākou i ka manawa o ke kahawai ʻo Nile, kahi mea nui no ka mahiʻai.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana iā Sirius mai ka manaʻo o ka astronomy, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he hōkū pālua kēia, aia kahi hōkū o ka papa spectral A1 a me kahi dwarf keʻokeʻo (Sirius B). ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka hōkū ʻelua me ka maka. ʻO nā hōkū ʻelua e hoʻopuni ana i kahi kikowaena hoʻokahi me ka manawa o 50 mau makahiki. ʻO Sirius A he ʻelua paha ka nui o ko mākou Lā.
ʻO Sirius he 8,6 mau makahiki māmā mai iā mākou.
Ua manaʻo ka poʻe Helene kahiko ʻo Sirius ka ʻīlio a ka mea hahai holoholona ʻo Orion, nāna i alualu i kāna pio. Aia kekahi ʻohana ʻApelika Dogon e hoʻomana iā Sirius. Akā ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha. ʻO ka poʻe ʻApelika, ʻaʻole ʻike i ke kākau ʻana, loaʻa ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ola ʻana o Sirius B, i ʻike ʻia ma ka waena o ke kenekulia XNUMX me ke kōkua o nā telescopes holomua. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka kalena Dogon i nā manawa o ka hoʻololi ʻana o Sirius B a puni Sirius A. A ua hōʻuluʻulu pololei ʻia. He mea pohihihi ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia ʻike a kahi ʻohana ʻApelika kahiko.