10 mau mea e pili ana i ka momona o ke kino

ʻO ka momona momona, a i ʻole "saddle", e like me ka honeycomb me nā ʻōpū. ʻO kēia mau vesicle he mau momona momona (i kapa ʻia ʻo adipocytes). Aia lākou i loko o kahi pēpē 14 mau pule. Ua hānau ʻia mākou me 30 miliona mau adipocytes. I ka hānau ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kiko adipose ma kahi o 13 pakeneka. ke kaumaha o ke kino o ke keiki hou, a ma ka hopena o ka makahiki mua ua 1 pakeneka. Hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o ka ʻiʻo adipose ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā momona momona, e hoʻopiha mālie me nā triglycerides. ʻO kā lākou kumu i loko o ka meaʻai he mea kanu a me nā momona holoholona. Hoʻopuka pū ʻia nā Triglycerides e ke akepaʻa mai ke kō (nā ʻakika maʻalahi) a me nā waikawa momona. - Ma muli o ka ʻai maikaʻi ʻole, ulu nui ka momona momona. Ma kēiaʻano, "hoʻolālā" mākou i ka momona a me ka momona i ka wā makua, wahi a prof. Andrzej Milewicz, endocrinologist, internist, mai ke Kulanui Lapaʻau ma Wrocław. Hiki i nā adipocytes ke hōʻiliʻili i ka nui o ka momona ma ke ʻano o nā triglycerides. No laila, ʻo kēia kā mākou hale kūʻai wahie e hoʻohana ai ke kino i ka wā e pono ai ka ikehu hou ma muli o ka hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole ka wā hoʻomaha lōʻihi ma waena o nā meaʻai.

I ko mākou wā makua, loaʻa iā mākou kekahi helu o nā pūnaʻi momona. He ʻumi miliona o lākou. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, i ka wā e hōʻea ai nā momona momona i kahi nui koʻikoʻi ma kahi o 0,8 micograms, hoʻomaka ka papahana papahana o ka make cell a hoʻokumu ʻia kahi mea hou ma kona wahi. - I kēlā me kēia ʻewalu makahiki, a hiki i ka 50% Fat cell i hoʻololi ʻia, kahi mea paʻakikī iā mākou e lilo i ke kaumaha. ʻO kēia momona ma keʻano "indestructible" - wahi a prof. Andrzej Milewicz. - Ke lilo mākou i ke kaumaha, hoʻokahe ʻia nā mea momona, akā lawa ka manawa nāwaliwali a hoʻopiha hou lākou i nā triglycerides.

Hoʻonui ka ʻiʻo adipose: - ma lalo o ka ʻili (i kapa ʻia ʻo subcutaneous fat), kahi e kōkua ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana o ke kino, - a puni nā ʻāpana i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū (kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo visceral adipose tissue), kahi e hana ai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hana haʻalulu. , e pale ana i na kino o loko mai na eha mechanical.

- Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka momona i loko o nā kāne olakino he 8 a 21 pakeneka. ke kaumaha o ke kino, a i loko o nā wahine ka mea maʻamau mai 23 a 34 pakeneka. - wahi a Hanna Stolińska-Fiedorowicz, meaʻai mai ka Institute of Food and Nutrition. Inā emi ke kaumaha o ka wahine ma mua o 48 kilokani a i ʻole he 22 pākēneka o ka ʻiʻo adipose, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomohala i nā pōʻai menstrual maʻamau, a i nā hihia koʻikoʻi hiki ke hoʻōki i ka menstruation. Hoʻopuka ka ʻiʻo adipose i nā hormones e pili ana i ka huna ʻana o nā hormones sex. Ke nele ke kino i nā momona, hoʻopilikia ʻia ka hana o ka ovary, testes a hypothalamus paha. ʻO ka momona ka mea nui loa o ka calorific i ka meaʻai. Hoʻokahi grama hāʻawi i ʻeiwa kilocalories. Ke hoʻohana ke kino i ka momona mai nā mea momona, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā momona momona manuahi a me ka glycerol i ke kahe koko. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou he mālama o ka ikehu wale nō, akā ʻo nā poloka kūkulu o nā cell a i ʻole epithelium ʻili. ʻO lākou ka mea nui o nā membrane cell. Pono nā ʻakika momona, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hana i ka cholesterol, ka huaora D a me nā hormones he nui. He mea koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi lākou no nā kaʻina metabolic a me nā nerve. Pono nō hoʻi nā momona no ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka protein cellular. Ma nā kūlana pathological (e laʻa i ka poʻe me ka momona o ka ʻōpū) hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ka momona i loko o nā ʻiʻo a me nā ate. ʻO kēia ka hihia i ka maʻi diabetes type 2.

Nui nā ʻano o ka ʻiʻo momona i loko o ke kanaka: ʻO ka ʻiʻo adipose keʻokeʻo (WAT), e hōʻiliʻili ma lalo o ka ʻili a ma waena paha o nā kino. ʻO kāna kuleana ke mālama i ka ikehu. Huna ia i nā protein he nui a me nā hormones ikaika. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻiʻo momona keʻokeʻo i loko o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne a ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā ʻūhā a me nā ʻūhā. I loko o nā kāne, hōʻiliʻili nui ka ʻiʻo adipose i loko o ka ʻōpū. Brunatna- "Dobra" (ʻulaʻula adipose tissue - BAT). Hāʻawi ia iā ʻoe e hana i ka nui o ka wela a mālama i ka mahana mau i loko o ke kino. Hoʻopau koke kēia momona a hāʻawi i ka ikehu. ʻO ka hōʻailona no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka BAT he mahana waho ma lalo o 20-22 ° C. I ke anuanu, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ke koko e kahe ana ma o ka ʻiʻo brown a hiki i 100 mau manawa. Loaʻa iā mākou ka nui o ka ʻiʻo adipose brown ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Aia ia ma waena o nā ʻūhā poʻohiwi, ma ke kuamoʻo, a puni ka ʻāʻī a ma nā puʻupaʻa. Ke emi nei ka nui o ka ʻiʻo adipose brown me ka makahiki a me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaumaha o ke kino (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka momona). He mea minamina, no ka mea, ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki i kēia ʻiʻo i loko o nā pākeke ke pale i ka momona a me ka pale ʻana i ka insulin. ʻO ka ʻiʻo adipose brown he vascular nui a innervated. He ʻeleʻele maoli kona kala ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka nui o ka mitochondria i loko. Loaʻa ka momona ʻeleʻele makua ma nā ʻāpana, ʻoi loa ma ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī a ma waena o nā ʻūhā poʻohiwi, akā ma ke kuamoʻo pū kekahi, ma ka mediastinum (kokoke i ka aorta) a puni ka puʻuwai (ma ka piko o ka puʻuwai). Beige - i manaʻo ʻia he ʻano waena ma waena o nā keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻeleʻele. ʻO Pink - hiki i nā wāhine hāpai a i ka wā e hānai ai. ʻO kāna kuleana ke komo i ka hana ʻana i ka waiū.

Mālama ke kino i ka ikehu ma ke ʻano he glycogen (ma kahi o 84%). Hoʻohana ʻia nā lako hope ma hope o kekahi mau hola o ka hoʻokē ʻai ʻana ma waena o nā meaʻai, ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻohana nui ʻia ai e mālama i kahi pae glucose koko maikaʻi loa. Inā mākou e ʻai nui i ke kō, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka nui i loko o nā pūhui momona e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka insulin. ʻO nā momona i hana ʻia mai ka glucose i loko o ke ake e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ma o ke koko i nā mea momona, kahi e mālama ʻia ai. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui o nā meaʻai momona e alakaʻi i kā lākou mālama ʻana ma ke ʻano he triglycerides i loko o ke kiko adipose. I ka pōkole, hoʻomaka ka momona e hōʻiliʻili i ka wā e ʻai ai mākou i nā calorie ʻoi aku ma mua o ko mākou kino e hoʻohana ai. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kā lākou keu i loko o ka ʻiʻo adipose. Pono kēlā me kēia o mākou i ka nui o nā calorie i kēlā me kēia lā. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka metabolism maʻamau i ka poʻe olakino a hānai pono ʻia he 1 a 45 pakeneka. huina hoonui ikehu. ʻO kēia ka nui o ka ikehu e "puhi" ai ke kino no ka hoʻouluʻana, ka hanuʻana, ka hana o ka naʻau, ka mālamaʻana i ka mahana kūpono, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. 75 pakeneka Aia i loko o ka loko calorie ka protein kahi i hana ʻia ai nā ʻiʻo a me nā ʻiʻo kino ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, pale ke kino i nā protein a me nā waikawa amino mai ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana no nā kumu ikehu. Hoʻohana ʻo ia iā ia inā ʻaʻohe ona kumu ikehu ʻē aʻe, e laʻa i ka wā hoʻokē ʻai loa. A laila "ʻai ke kino iā ia iho", e hoʻomaka pinepine me nā ʻiʻo.

I ka wā o ka pohō kaumaha, hoʻokē ʻai lōʻihi, a i ʻole no ka nele o nā calorie i ka meaʻai, i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻoikaika kino kiʻekiʻe - a laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā momona i mālama ʻia i loko o ke koko. ʻO ka hōʻailona no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana (ma kahi kaʻina i kapa ʻia he lipolysis) he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa glucose koko.

Hoʻopuka ka ʻiʻo adipose keʻokeʻo i nā hormones he nui. Hoʻopili lākou, i waena o nā hormones e pili ana i ka huna ʻana o ka insulin a me ka hana, e like me adipokines, apelin, a me visfatin. ʻO ka pōloli kahi mea e pale ai i ka huna ʻana o ka apelin, a piʻi aʻe nā pae apelin, e like me ka nui o ka insulin, ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana. Hoʻopuka pū ʻo ia i kahi lectin e ʻaʻa i ka pale koko-lolo a hiki i ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka satiety hormone. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka huna ʻana o Leptin ma waena o 22 pm a me 3 am, i kekahi manawa i wehewehe ʻia ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka ʻai i ka wā hiamoe.

Aia nā cytokines i loko o ka ʻiʻo adipose, nā protein i ʻike ʻia i ka mumū. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka mumū i loko o ia mea i loaʻa nui ʻia mai nā cell tissue connective a me macrophages ("koa" nāna e hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ia mai nā maʻi bacteria, nā maʻi maʻi, ka nui o ka cholesterol a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana o nā cell i hōʻino ʻia), i hōʻike ʻia i nā helu nui ma laila. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā cytokines inflammatory a me nā hormones adipose tissue e hoʻololi ana i nā hopena o ka insulin e hana nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hoʻopiʻi vascular i ka wā o ka metabolic syndrome a me ka maʻi diabetes type 2.

Hōʻike ka noiʻi ʻepekema ʻo nā cannabinoids i hana ʻia e ka adipose tissue, hiki ke wehewehe i ke kumu o ka poʻe obese, a no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ia mea, ʻoi aku ka hauʻoli ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. E hoʻomanaʻo i nā cannabinoids he mau mea kūlohelohe maoli, me ka cannabis. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, lawe lākou i kahi kanaka i kahi kūlana o ka euphoria liʻiliʻi. Akā kakaikahi ka poʻe i ʻike ua hana ʻia kēia mau mea e ke kino kanaka.