10 mau mea hoihoi e pili ana iā Alexander Radishchev a me kāna mau manaʻo kipi

He haku mele kaulana ʻo Alexander Radishchev, he mea kākau moʻolelo Lūkini, a he ʻakamai nō hoʻi. I ka makahiki 1790, ua kaulana ʻo ia i ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma hope o kahi hana i paʻi ʻia ʻo "Ka huakaʻi mai St. Petersburg a i Moscow». ʻO ka hapa nui o kāna mau kākau ʻana he poema a me ka jurisprudence. Akā ua pāpā ʻia kekahi ma Rusia. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia i pale i ka mea kākau mai ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kāna mau hana ma ke ʻano kākau lima.

ʻO kahi haʻawina waiwai nui i ka kākau ʻana i ka moʻolelo o Radishchev i hana ʻia e kāna mau keikikāne. ʻO lākou ka mea i hiki ke hana i kahi ʻatikala piha e wehewehe ana i ke ola o ko lākou makuakāne.

Hāʻawi mākou iā ʻoe i 10 mau mea hoihoi e pili ana iā Radishchev: kahi moʻolelo pōkole o ka mea kākau a me nā moʻolelo kupaianaha o kahi kanaka me nā manaʻo kipi.

10 He haipule kona makuakane, he akamai i ka olelo

Ua kokoke ke keiki i kona wā kamaliʻi ma ka waiwai o kona makuakāne ma ka moku ʻo Kaluga. I ka wā mua, ua aʻo ʻia ʻo Sasha i ka home.

He kanaka haipule ko Alexander makuakane, ua ike pono i na olelo he nui. I kēlā manawa, ua aʻo ʻia nā mea a pau e like me ka Buke o nā hola a me nā Halelu, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me nā puke liturgical. I ka piha ʻana o ke keiki i ʻeono makahiki, ua hoʻomaka ke kumu Farani e kipa iā ia. ʻAʻole naʻe i koho ka makua kāne i kumu mākaukau. Ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻia he koa mahuka kēia kanaka.

I ka wehe ʻana o ke kulanui ma Moscow, ua hoʻoholo kona makuakāne e lawe iā Alexander ma laila no ka hoʻonaʻauao hou. Noho ka ʻanakala makuahine o ke keiki ma ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO ia ka mea i ʻae e hoʻomalu iā Sasha no kēia manawa.

Maanei ua hoonohoia nona he kakaolelo mua, i mahuka mai ka hoomaau ana o kona aupuni. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e aʻo iā ia i ka ʻōlelo Farani.

He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i ke kaikunāne o ka makua kāne makuahine ʻo Alexander Radishchev ke keiki kaulana kaulana o Count Matveev. Ua hele mau ʻia ko lākou hale e nā polopeka a me nā kumu o nā hale haʻuki. Ua aʻo lākou i nā keiki. Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo Alexander, ʻoiai ʻo ia ke alakaʻi ma ʻaneʻi, ua loaʻa pū kekahi i ka hoʻonaʻauao mai kēia poʻe.

9. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi ʻaoʻao

I ka makahiki 1762, ua poni ʻia ʻo Catherine II. Ma hope koke iho o kēia hanana Ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Alexander i ka Corps of Pages ma St. Petersburg. Ua hoʻomākaukau kēia ʻoihana i nā poʻe i lawelawe ma hope aku i ka Empress ma nā wahi ākea, ma nā pōlele, ma nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

8. Ua aʻo ʻia ma ke Kulanui o Leipzig

Ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana i ka Corps of Pages, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Alexander me nā aliʻi ʻē aʻe i ke Kulanui o Leipzig.. All the time while he spent there, allowed him to learn a lot of new things, and thereby expand his horizons. Fedor Ushakov, who wrote the “life”, had a great influence.

He kanaka makua a akamai. Nui ka poʻe i ʻike koke i kona mana. No nā haumāna he nui, ua lilo ʻo ia i kumu hoʻohālike. Ua kōkua ʻo ia i kona mau hoa e aʻo i ka poʻe naʻauao Farani a me ko lākou mau manaʻo.

Akā, ua pōʻino loa kona olakino. Ua ʻai maikaʻi ʻo ia, noho pinepine i luna no ka manawa lōʻihi me nā puke. Ma mua o kona make ʻana, haʻi aku ʻo Ushakov i kāna mau hoaaloha. Hāʻawi ʻo Alexandru i kāna mau pepa, kahi i kākau ʻia ai kona mau manaʻo nui.

Ma hope o ka puka ʻana, ua hoʻi ʻo Sasha i St. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ia i noho lōʻihi ma laila.

After that, he decided to go to the headquarters of General-in-Chief (military rank) Bruce. Here he was able to prove himself as a brave and conscientious worker. In 1775 he retired. Subsequently, for a long time he worked at the customs in St. Petersburg, where he was able to rise to the rank of chief.

7. ʻaneʻane hoʻopau loa ʻia ka paʻi mua o Journey mai ke kūʻai aku.

ʻAʻole nui ka poʻe i ʻike ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka paʻi mua o ka hana "Journey" mai ke kūʻai aku, no ka mea, ua hoʻonāukiuki loa ia i ka empress iā ia iho..

Ma hope o ka hopu ʻana, ua luku ʻia. Akā ua ʻike ʻia ua ola ke kope a Empress Catherine II i heluhelu ai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻōlelo a ka Empress i kākau ʻia ma nā wahi āpau.

6. Ma ke kauoha a Catherine, ua hopu ʻia ʻo ia no "Hōʻike"

A hiki i ka manawa i hoʻokuʻu ai ʻo Radishchev i ka hana "Hōʻike", ua hele maikaʻi nā mea a pau iā ia. Ua komo ʻo ia i ka lawelawe, nona ke kuleana no ke kālepa a me ka ʻoihana.

Ua kākau ʻo ia i ka puke i ka wā o ka hakakā ʻana o ʻAmelika no ke kūʻokoʻa, a i ka wā i ulu nui ai ka hoʻokahuli Farani. Ua waiho kēia mau mea i kāna hōʻailona ma kāna hana. Ua wehewehe ʻo Radishchev i ke kūʻai ʻana o nā mahiʻai no nā aie o ko lākou mau mea ʻāina.

Aia ka puke i nā ki'i kumu o ke ola a me nā loina o nā 'elele o nā papa like 'ole. Akā, ua nānā ʻo ia i ka poʻe mahiʻai maʻamau a me ke kūlana o lākou.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka mea kākau ma nā kope. Akā ua hiki iā Catherine II ke ʻike iā ia. Ma hope o ka manawa pōkole loa, Ua hopu ʻia ʻo Radishchev. Ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia i ka pā kaua ʻo Peter lāua ʻo Paul. Ua hoʻomau ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana no hoʻokahi mahina, a ma hope iho ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ka mea kākau i ka make.

Ua kākau ʻo Radishchev i kēlā manawa i kahi palapala kauoha, a hoʻomaka hoʻi e hana i kahi haku hana hou. ʻAʻole naʻe i hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻōlelo hoʻoholo, ʻoiai ua hoʻopau ʻo Suedena i kahi kuʻikahi maluhia me ka Empress. ʻO ia ka mea nāna i hoʻopau ka hoʻopaʻi make.

5. Ua hoʻihoʻi ʻo Paul I i ka mea kākau mai Siberia

Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā Catherine ke haʻalele wale i nā mea āpau. Ua aloha ʻo ia i ka mea kākau, akā naʻe, hoʻouna ʻo ia iā ia i Siberia. Ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ia e pono ai ke ola no kahi o ʻumi makahiki, ʻaʻole emi.

Akā i ka makahiki 1796, ua hiki iā Paul ka Mua ke hoʻihoʻi iā Alexander Radishchev i kona ʻāina hānau..

4. Ua hōʻino ʻo Pushkin i kāna hana

Ua kūlike ka manaʻo o Pushkin me ka loiloi ʻana o Catherine II i ka puke a Radishchev. ʻAʻole wale ʻo ia i koʻikoʻi i kāna hana ʻo "Journey", akā ʻo ka mea kākau pū kekahi..

I ka manawa pinepine, kapa ʻia ʻo Alexander Sergeevich Radishchev "he ʻelele maoli o ka semi-malamalama“. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia ua lawe ʻia nā manaʻo o ka mea kākau mai nā mea kākau a pau i ka manawa hoʻokahi.

Akā naʻe, ua loaʻa iā ia kekahi o nā kope. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka puke ma kahi o ʻelua haneli rubles, a i kēlā manawa he nui ke kālā.

3. ʻO ka lua o ka wahine ke kaikuahine o ka wahine mua

ʻO ka wahine mua a Alexander Radishchevʻo Anna Vasilievna Rubanovskaya. Ua puka ke kaikamahine mai ka Smolny Institute. Ua hiki iaʻu ke hāʻawi i kaʻu kāne i 3 keiki kāne a me hoʻokahi kaikamahine. ʻO ka male ʻana ma kahi o 8 mau makahiki. Akā, i ka wā hānau hou, make ka wahine.

ʻO ka lua o ka male ʻana o Alexander me ke kaikuahine o kāna wahine hope - ʻo Elizaveta Vasilievna Rubanovskaya. E like me kāna i kākau ai, me ka hiki ʻana mai o kēia wahine i kona hale, me he mea lā ua ala hou ʻo ia, makemake ʻo ia e ola, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hauʻoli a hauʻoli hou.

2. ʻO ka nīnau no ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa

ʻAneʻane ʻike ka poʻe a pau i aʻo i ka biography o ka mea kākau i kona make ʻana. Ua make ka mea kakau i ka make. Akā, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike inā he pōʻino paha ia..

Aia nā lono ua inu ʻo Radishchev iā ia iho i ka lāʻau make. Ua wehewehe nui kāna mau keiki i kēia lā. Ma ka lā 11 o Kepakemapa, aia ʻo ia ma ka home. Lawe ʻo ia i kahi mea hoʻomaha, a laila hopu i kahi aniani o ka vodka "aliʻi". ʻAʻole ʻo ia ma laila, ma mua, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke keiki hiapo me ia.

Ma hope o ka inu ʻana o Radishchev, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke pakele mai ka ʻeha i hou ʻia iā ia me he mau pahi ʻoi. Ua laweia mai kekahi kahuna ia Alekanedero, hele ka mea kakau e hai aku, a make.

Akā naʻe, ua kanu ʻia ʻo ia ma ka pā hale pule. A ʻo ka poʻe i lawe i ko lākou ola ponoʻī, ʻaʻohe kuleana e kanu ʻia e like me ka canon Orthodox. Hōʻike ʻia ka mana mana o kona make ʻana i nā palapala ma ke ʻano he maʻi - ʻai.

1. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kahi ilina o ka mea kākau.

Aia ma ka ʻāina o ka lua kupapaʻu Volkovsky ma St. Petersburg he monument i ka mea kākau kupaianaha o nā hana he nui - Alexander Radishchev.

He pōhaku hoʻomanaʻo wale nō kēia kanaka nui. Akā ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike i kona wahi i kanu ʻia ai.