Contents
- 10 Vasco da Gama Bridge (Lisbon, Pokukala)
- 9. Alahaka kahiko (Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
- 8. Alahaka ʻo Harbour (Sydney, Australia)
- 7. Alahaka ʻo Rialto (Venice, Italia)
- 6. Alahaka Chain (Budapest, Hungary)
- 5. Alahaka ʻo Charles (Prague, Czech Republic)
- 4. Alahaka ʻo Brooklyn (New York, USA)
- 3. Alahaka Hale kiaʻi (London, UK)
- 2. Ponte Vecchio (Florence, Italia)
- 1. Alahaka Golden Gate (San Francisco, USA)
He mea hana kupanaha ke alahaka. Ua makemake mau ke kanaka e ʻimi i nā ʻāina ʻike ʻole ʻia, a ʻo nā kahawai ʻaʻole i lilo i mea keakea iā ia - ua hana ʻo ia i nā alahaka.
I ka manawa he hale kahiko ia i kōkua i ka lanakila ʻana i nā kahawai haiki wale nō. Eia naʻe, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema, ua ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā hana i hana ʻia. Ua lilo ke alahaka i hana noʻeau maoli a me kahi hana mana o ka ʻenekinia, e ʻae iā ʻoe e lanakila i kahi mamao loa.
10 Vasco da Gama Bridge (Lisbon, Pokukala)
ʻO kēia hale ka alahaka lōʻihi loa i noho ʻia ma ʻEulopa, me ka lōʻihi ma mua o 17 tausani mika. ʻO ka inoa mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka "hoʻomaka" o ke alahaka i hui pū me ka 500th anniversary o ka wehe ʻana o ke ala moana ʻEulopa i India.
Ua noʻonoʻo maikaʻi ʻia ke alahaka ʻo Vasco da Gama. I ka hana ʻana, ua noʻonoʻo nā ʻenekinia i ka hiki ʻana o ka wā maikaʻi ʻole, nā ʻōlaʻi a hiki i 9 mau helu, ka curvature o ka lalo o ka muliwai Tagus a me ke ʻano spherical o ka Honua. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hōʻeha ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kūlana kaiaola ma ke kūlanakauhale.
I ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke alahaka ma nā kahakai, mālama ʻia ka maʻemaʻe o ke kaiapuni. ʻO ke kukui mai nā mea hoʻomālamalama i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ʻole e hāʻule i ka wai, no laila ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i ka kaiaola e noho nei.
9. Alahaka Kahiko (Mostar, Bosnia a me Herzegovina)
I ke kenekulia 15, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mostar o ka Ottoman Empire i 2 mau panakō, i hoʻopili wale ʻia e kahi alahaka i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka makani. I ka wā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale, pono e hoʻokumu i kahi pilina ikaika ma waena o nā hale kiaʻi ʻelua, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka muliwai Neretva. A laila, noi aku nā kama'āina i ke kōkua mai ke Suletana.
He 9 makahiki ka hana ana i ka Alahaka Kahiko. Ua hoʻolālā ka mea kākau i ka hale me ka lahilahi a makaʻu ka poʻe e piʻi i luna. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ua noho ka mea hoʻomohala o ka papahana ma lalo o ke alahaka no ʻekolu lā a me ʻekolu pō e hōʻoia i kona hilinaʻi.
I ka makahiki 1993, i ka wā o ke kaua, ua luku ʻia ka Old Bridge e nā pūʻali koa Croatian. Ua hoʻopūʻiwa kēia hanana i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. I ka makahiki 2004, ua kūkulu hou ʻia ka hale. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono e hoʻopili i nā ʻāpana o ka mea mua i kekahi i kekahi, a wili i nā poloka me ka lima, e like me ka hana ma mua.
8. Alahaka ʻo Harbour (Sydney, Australia)
ʻO ke alahaka ʻo Harbour, a i ʻole, e like me ke kapa ʻana o ka poʻe Australia, ʻo ka "hanger", ʻo ia kekahi o nā alahaka lōʻihi loa ma ka honua - 1149 m. He kila, he ʻeono miliona rivets i loko wale nō. Ua nui ke kumu kūʻai o Australia i ke alahaka ʻo Harbour. Uku nā mea hoʻokele i $2 no ka holo ʻana ma luna. Hele kēia kālā i ka mālama ʻana i ke alahaka.
Hoʻohana ʻia i ka Pōʻalima hou no nā hōʻike pyrotechnic kupaianaha. Akā ʻo ka mea hoihoi ʻaʻole wale i ka hoʻoilo - ʻo ke koena o ka manawa aia nā huakaʻi no nā mākaʻikaʻi ma ka hale. Mai ka makahiki 10, hiki i ka poʻe ke piʻi i ka pā a nānā iā Sydney mai luna mai. Ua palekana loa ia a mālama ʻia ma lalo o ka mākaʻikaʻi a ke kumu.
7. Alahaka ʻo Rialto (Venice, Italia)
ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona o Venice. Ma kona wahi, mai ke kenekulia 12, ua kūkulu ʻia nā ala lāʻau, akā ua luku ʻia ma muli o ka hopena o ka wai a i ʻole ke ahi. I ke kenekulia 15, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e "hoʻomanaʻo" i ke ala e hiki mai ana. Hāʻawi ʻo Michelangelo i kāna mau kiʻi kiʻi no ke alahaka hou, akā ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia.
Ma ke ala, ma ka mōʻaukala o ka Rialto Bridge, ua kūʻai mau ʻia. A i kēia lā aia ma mua o 20 mau hale kūʻai souvenir. ʻO ka mea mahalo, ʻo Shakespeare i haʻi iā Rialto ma The Merchant of Venice.
6. Alahaka Chain (Budapest, Hunegaria)
Ua hoʻopili kēia alahaka ma luna o ka muliwai Danube i ʻelua mau kūlanakauhale - Buda a me Pest. I kekahi manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia kona hoʻolālā he hana mana o ka ʻenekinia, a ʻo ka span kekahi o ka lōʻihi loa o ka honua. ʻO William Clark ka mea kākau kiʻi.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ua hoʻonani ʻia ke alahaka me nā kiʻi kiʻi e hōʻike ana i nā liona. ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi like, akā ʻoi aku ka nui, a laila kau ʻia ma UK.
5. Charles Bridge (Prague, Czech Republic)
ʻO kēia ka hōʻailona o ka Czech Republic, piha i nā moʻolelo a me nā kuʻuna he nui, kekahi o nā alahaka pōhaku nani loa o ka honua.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o ka lōʻihi loa - 515 mika. Ua loaʻa ka ʻike ma lalo o Charles IV ma Iulai 9, 1357 ma 5:31. Ua koho ʻia kēia lā e ka poʻe astronomers i hōʻailona maikaʻi.
Ua hoʻopuni ʻia ʻo Charles Bridge e nā hale kiaʻi Gothic a ua hoʻonani ʻia me 30 mau kiʻi o ka poʻe haipule. ʻO ka Old Town Tower, kahi e alakaʻi ai ke alahaka, ʻo ia kekahi o nā hale Gothic kaulana loa.
4. Alahaka ʻo Brooklyn (New York, USA)
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻāina kaulana loa o New York a me ke alahaka hoʻomaha kahiko loa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO 1828 m kona lōʻihi. I kēlā manawa, nani ka papahana Bridge Bridge i hoʻolālā ʻia e John Roebling.
Ua hui pū ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana me nā poʻe i make. ʻO John ka mea mua i make. Ua hoʻomau ka ʻohana a pau i ka ʻoihana. He 13 makahiki a me 15 miliona dala ke kukulu ana. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā inoa o nā lālā o ka ʻohana Roebling ma ka hale no ko lākou manaʻoʻiʻo a me ka hoʻomanawanui.
3. Alahaka hale kiaʻi (Lakana, UK)
He hōʻailona ʻike ʻia ʻo Great Britain. Hoʻomanaʻo mau ʻia ʻo ia i ka wā e hele mai ai i Lākana. Loaʻa i ʻelua mau hale kiaʻi kaila gothic a me kahi hale kiʻi no ka poʻe nānā e hoʻopili ana iā lākou. He hoʻolālā hoihoi ko ke alahaka - ʻo ia ke kau a me ke alahaka huki. Eia kekahi, i ka wā e hānau ai, noho mau ka hale kiʻi me nā mākaʻikaʻi, a ke hoʻomau nei ka poʻe i ka mahalo i ka puni.
2. Ponte Vecchio (Florence, Italia)
Unuhi ʻia mai Italia mai, ʻo Ponte Vecchio ʻo ia hoʻi "Old Bridge". He kahiko loa ia: ua kūkulu ʻia i ka waena o ke kenekulia 14. Eia naʻe, ke "ola nei" ʻo Vecchiu: ke kālepa ikaika nei.
A hiki i ke kenekulia 16, ua kūʻai ʻia ka ʻiʻo ma Ponte Vecchio, no laila ua nui nā kaʻa ma ʻaneʻi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hoʻolohe ka mōʻī i nā kamaʻilio ʻana o nā kānaka i kona hele ʻana ma ke ala o luna o ka hale. I kēia lā, kapa ʻia ke alahaka he "gula" no ka mea ua pani ʻia nā hale kūʻai kīʻaha e nā mea nani.
1. Alahaka ʻO Golden Gate (San Francisco, USA)
ʻO kēia alahaka hoʻomaha ka hōʻailona o Kapalakiko. ʻO 1970 mika kona lōʻihi. I ka wā o ka Gold Rush, holo nui nā moku moku i Kapalakiko, a laila ua ulu ka pono e kūkulu i kahi ala maʻamau.
He paʻakikī ke kūkulu ʻana: ʻōlaʻi maʻamau, kū ka noe i kēlā me kēia manawa, ke au o ka moana wikiwiki a me ka makani ʻino i keʻakeʻa i ka hana.
He koʻikoʻi ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻīpuka gula: ua pani ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o nā kaʻa, akā he 300 mau mea hele wāwae i hala ma luna o ke alahaka.
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻino a me nā kūlana seismic, ua kū ka hale i nā mea āpau a ke kū nei: i ka makahiki 1989, ua ola ka Golden Gate i kahi ōlaʻi o 7,1 mau helu.