Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kahi wikiō manaʻo ma YouTube mai ka hānau ʻana o Louise Brown, hānau ʻia ma Iulai 25, 1978 ma Oldham Hospital. ʻO nā manawa mua o kona ola e like me nā pēpē hānau hou: holoi ʻia ke kaikamahine, kaupaona ʻia a nānā ʻia. Hānau ʻia e ka ʻāpana Caesarean, akā naʻe, he ʻike ʻepekema ʻo Louise - ʻo ke keiki mua i hānau ʻia ma o IVF.
- 40 makahiki aku nei, ua hānau ʻia ke keiki hānau mua o IVF
- I kēlā mau lā, ua manaʻo ʻia ka fertilization in vitro he ala paʻakikī loa. A laila ʻohi ʻia nā oocytes e ka laparoscopy ma lalo o ka anesthesia āpau. Ma hope o ke kaʻina hana, pono ka wahine e noho i ka haukapila no kekahi mau lā a ma lalo o ka mālama mau a nā kauka
- Wahi a nā loea, ma 20 mau makahiki mai 50 a 60 pakeneka. E hāpai ʻia nā keiki ma muli o ke ʻano IVF
He 40 mau makahiki mai ka wā i hāpai ʻia ai ʻo Louise. Ua hana ʻia ma Nowemapa 10, 1977, ma hope o nā makahiki he nui o ka noiʻi ʻana e prof. ʻO Robert Edwards lāua ʻo Dr. Patrick Steptoe, nā paionia o kahi ʻenehana i hāʻawi i nā miliona o nā kāne a puni ka honua i kahi manawa no nā keiki.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka in vitro fertilization, ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ia ka wehe ʻana i kahi hua mai ka ʻōpū fallopian o ka wahine, ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana iā ia me ka sperm i loko o ka hale hana a hoʻokomo i ka hua manu i hoʻomoʻa ʻia - ka embryo - hoʻi i loko o ka ʻōpū no ka ulu hou ʻana. I kēia mau lā, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano lapaʻau infertility a hoʻohana nui ʻia - mahalo iā ia, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelima miliona mau keiki i hānau ʻia i nā makahiki he ʻehā i hala. I ka hoʻomaka, akā naʻe, ua nui ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa in vitro fertilization.
ʻO Prof. Edwards lāua ʻo Kauka Steptoe e ʻimi i ke ʻano o ka fertilization o ka hua manu kanaka i loko o ke keʻena hana, ma waho o ka ʻōnaehana hānau o ka wahine, a lawe i ka embryo i ka pae blastocyst. I ka makahiki 1968, i ka wā i hana ai ʻo Prof. Ua hoʻokō ʻo Edwards i kāna pahuhopu - e lanakila i ka Nobel Prize ma 2010 - ʻo ka embryology kahi kahua ʻepekema ʻaʻole i hāpai i ka manaʻolana.
ʻAʻole hiki i ʻeiwa mau makahiki ma hope mai ua lilo ka makuahine o Louise, ʻo Lesley Brown, i wahine mua ma ka honua i hāpai ʻia ma muli o ke ʻano o ka in vitro fertilization i hoʻomohala ʻia e nā ʻepekema Pelekane ʻelua. I ka makahiki 1980 - ʻelua makahiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o Louise - prof. Ua wehe ʻo Edwards lāua ʻo Kauka Steptoe i ka Bourn Hall Clinic ma ke kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi o Cambridgeshire, ke keʻena hānai hānai mua o ka honua. Mahalo iā ia, ua hānau ʻia nā tausani o nā pēpē hōʻike.
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia kahua o ka ʻepekema, ma ke ʻano, ka hua o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka moekolohe ma Great Britain i nā makahiki 60 - Ma hope o nā makahiki 60, nui nā wahine i loaʻa i kahi "memento" o nā puʻu fallopian i hōʻino ʻia e nā maʻi maʻi e like me ka chlamydia - wahi a. ʻO Kauka Mike Macnamee, ka luna hoʻomalu o kēia manawa ʻo Bourn Hall, nāna i hana ma laila me Stepto lāua ʻo Edwards mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna ʻoihana. - I kēlā mau lā, 80 pakeneka. ʻO ko mākou poʻe maʻi i luku ʻia nā ʻōpū fallopian, no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kēia lā he 20-30 pakeneka kēia pilikia. wahine mai.
ʻEhā mau makahiki i hala aku nei, he hana koʻikoʻi a paʻakikī ka IVF. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā oocytes me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano laparoscopic ma lalo o ka anesthesia maʻamau - maʻa mau ka wahine i loko o ka hale maʻi no ʻehā a ʻelima mau lā. I loko o ka noho holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka haukapila, nānā nā kauka i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā hormones o ka mea maʻi, no kēia kumu, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia kāna mimi 24 mau hola i ka lā. He 30 mau moena i loko o ke keʻena, ua piha mau - no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻo ia wale nō kahi o ka honua e hāʻawi ana i ka mālama IVF. Ua hana nā limahana a puni ka uaki.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka hopena o nā makahiki 80 i hoʻomohala ʻia kahi ʻano hana hoʻomaha i alakaʻi ʻia e ultrasound e hiki ai i ka wahine ke hoʻi i ka home i ka lā hoʻokahi. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua haʻahaʻa loa ka helu hānau ma ke keʻena ʻo Bourn Hall, ma 15% wale nō. - no ka hoʻohālikelike, i kēia lā ʻo ka awelika aupuni ma kahi o 30 pakeneka.
- ʻAʻole mākou i ka poʻokela o ka honua o ka ʻepekema, akā ʻo nā paionia hoʻi i loko o ka vitro mai ka ʻaoʻao etika. Ua lanakila mākou i ka ʻae ʻia o kēia ʻano, wahi a Kauka Macnamee. - Ua hōʻike ʻo Bob lāua ʻo Patrick i ka hoʻomau ʻana i kēia mau manawa paʻakikī. Ua hoʻopiʻi ka poʻe lanakila nui no ka Nobel Prize no ka pepehi kanaka pēpē, ʻoiai ka poʻe lapaʻau a me ka ʻepekema ʻepekema i hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou iho, he mea paʻakikī loa iā lākou.
ʻO ka hānau ʻana o Louise Brown i hāpai i ka makaʻu i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻepekema i "nā keiki a Frankenstein." Ua aʻo aku nā alakaʻi hoʻomana no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kaʻina hana o ke ola. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o kā lāua kaikamahine, ua hoʻopiha ʻia ka ʻohana Brown me nā leka hoʻoweliweli. ʻAʻole hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 90 i hoʻomaka ai ke ʻano o ka lehulehu.
"ʻO kā mākou hana ma Bourn Hall ka hoʻonaʻauao a hoʻoulu i ka hoihoi," wahi a Kauka Macnamee. - Ua wehe mau mākou a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo.
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no nā kāne he nui, ua pau ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hōʻeha. Akā, aia kekahi poʻe i haʻalele ʻole. He 17 mau ho'āʻo ʻana o kekahi o nā maʻi o ke keʻena ma mua o ka hānau ʻana i keiki kāne.
"ʻO ka makemake e loaʻa kahi pēpē he mea nui loa, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hāpai, ua mākaukau maoli ka poʻe e hana i nā ʻālana he nui," wahi a Dr Macnamee. - Na mākou kuleana e wehewehe i nā manaʻolana o nā kāne ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hana. "ʻAʻole manaʻo ʻia nā kāne e hāʻule ka IVF," wahi a Susan Seenan, ka luna o Fertility Network UK. - Akā, hiki i nā mea a pau ke komo i ka helu helu.
ʻAʻole kūpono nā mea a pau no ka lāʻau lapaʻau. E like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo 2013 a ka National Institutes of Health and Care (NICE) ma ʻEnelani a me Wales, hiki i nā wahine ma lalo o 40 ke kuleana i ʻekolu mau kaʻina IVF ma ka lilo o ka National Health Service, inā ua hoʻāʻo lākou me ka kūleʻa ʻole no ʻelua makahiki, a i ʻole 12. ʻaʻole i hāʻule ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka insemination. Loaʻa i nā wahine mai 40 a 42 mau makahiki i hoʻokahi pōʻai uku hou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻoholo hope loa e pili ana i ka mea nona ke kuleana i ka IVF manuahi ma kahi wahi i hana ʻia e nā komisina ʻaelike lawelawe lapaʻau kūloko, ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi mau i nā pōʻai he nui e like me ka ʻōlelo a NICE.
No laila, no nā kāne Pelekane e noi ana i kahi keiki, ʻo ke kūpono no ke kaʻina hana he lottery address. - Ua loaʻa nō hoʻi nā kāne ʻelua e noho ana ma ke alanui hoʻokahi akā i hāʻawi ʻia i nā GP ʻokoʻa ke kuleana i kahi helu like ʻole o nā pōʻai IVF manuahi, no ka mea, aia kā lākou mau kauka i nā komite like ʻole - wehewehe ʻo Seenan. - I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole e uku hou nā komite ʻehiku i nā kaʻina hana in vitro.
Me hoʻokahi o ʻeono mau kāne i pilikia i ka hānau ʻana ma UK, ke ulu nei ka ʻoihana mālama hānai. Manaʻo ka poʻe loea i kēia manawa he £ 600m (me ka manaʻo e uku ʻia ka uku o ka pōʻai IVF £ XNUMX a £ XNUMX).
"ʻAʻole nui nā wāhine i hāpai ma hope o hoʻokahi pōʻai IVF," wahi a Seenan. - ʻO ka lua o ka manawa a puni, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka likelike, akā hāpai kekahi ma hope o ka hā, ʻelima, a i ʻole ke ono. ʻO ka ʻōpio ka wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lanakila.
ʻAʻohe o ka makahiki - e like me Seenan, he moʻolelo ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea maʻi he wahine i hoʻopanee i ka makuahine no ka lōʻihi loa a i kēia manawa, ma muli o ko lākou ʻelemakule, ʻaʻole hiki ke hāpai maoli - he hana paʻakikī ka IVF. ʻO ka mea mua, pono ia i ka manawa a me nā kipa he nui i kahi loea. Pono ka wahine e lawe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻole, incl. hoʻopaʻa i ka pae o nā hormones.
"Hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke lawe iā ʻoe i kahi mokuʻāina e like me ka menopause, a ʻaʻole lawe maikaʻi nā wahine he nui," wehewehe ʻo Seenan. Hāʻawi pū ʻia nā mea maʻi i nā lāʻau e hoʻoulu ai i ka hana o nā ovaries - hāʻawi ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano o nā injections. I kēia manawa, pono e nānā mau ʻia ke ʻano o nā ovaries i ʻole lākou e hoʻoulu ʻia.
I ka wā o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, luhi nā wahine, pehu a me nā ʻano loli. No kekahi, akā naʻe, ʻo ka mea paʻakikī loa ʻo ka kali ʻelua pule no ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka embryo a me ka ʻike o ka hāpai ʻana.
ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻāʻo mau nei nā ʻepekema i nā kikowaena noiʻi a puni ka honua e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka in vitro fertilization. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi keʻena hana hou ma Bourn Hall no ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kumu ʻaʻole oʻo maikaʻi ʻia kekahi mau hua, kahi kumu maʻamau o ka hāʻule ʻana a me ka hānau keiki ʻole ma waena o nā wahine kahiko. ʻO ia ka hale hana mua ma ʻEulopa i loaʻa kahi microscope hou e hiki ai ke nānā ola i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hua manu.
Ua wānana ʻo Kauka Macnamee i loko o 20 mau makahiki ma waena o 50 a me 60 pakeneka ka nui o ka hānau ʻana. I kona manaʻo, hiki nō paha i nā ʻepekema ke hoʻoponopono i nā mea ʻino i loko o nā embryos. Pono hou ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu i ka holomua o ka ʻepekema.
'Aia paha ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka mamao e hiki ai iā mākou ke hele,' hoʻohui ʻo Dr Macnamee.