Nā Allergies (hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo)

Nā Allergies (hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo)

Allergies: he aha lākou?

Allergy, kapa ʻia haaheo, he hopena ʻino ia o ka ʻōnaehana pale i nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke kino (allergens), akā ʻaʻole pōʻino. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino: ma ka ʻili, ma nā maka, ma ka ʻōnaehana digestive a i ʻole ka ʻōpū hanu. E ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o nā hōʻailona a me ko lākou ikaika ma muli o kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka allergy, a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe i kū hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia kanaka. Hiki ke ʻike ʻole ʻia, e like me ke ʻano o ka ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻili, a i ʻole e make paha, e like me ka haʻalulu. anaphylactic.

ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā hōʻike allergy:

  • nā mea pāʻina ʻai;
  • hānō, ma ka li'ili'i loa ma kekahi o kona mau 'ano, ma'i hānō;
  • eczema atopika;
  • rhinitis maʻi ʻaʻai;
  • kekahi mauʻano o ka urticaria;
  • anaphylaxis.

ʻO ka poʻe maʻi maʻi i hoʻokahi allergen hoʻokahi, kakaʻikahi ka maʻi maʻi. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka hopena maʻi iā ia iho ma nā ʻano like ʻole i ke kanaka hoʻokahi; Ua hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi rhinitis he kumu pilikia no ka ulu ʻana o ka hānō15. No laila, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka pollen desensitization no ka mālama ʻana i ke kuni mauʻu hiki i kekahi manawa ke pale i ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka hānō ma muli o ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau pollen.1.

ʻO ka hopena maʻi

I ka hapanui o nā hihia, pono ka hoʻopili ʻana i 2 mau pilina me ka allergen.

  • Kaulana. ʻO ka manawa mua e komo ai ka allergen i ke kino, ma o ili a i ʻole Nā membrane ʻākihi (nā maka, ka hanu a i ʻole ka digestive tract), ʻike ka ʻōnaehana pale i ka mea ʻē aʻe he mea weliweli. Hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana i nā antibodies kūʻē iā ia.

ka lāʻau ʻino, a i ʻole immunoglobulins, nā mea i hana ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana pale. Hoʻomaopopo a hoʻopau lākou i kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia ai ke kino. Hoʻopuka ka ʻōnaehana immune i 5 mau ʻano immunoglobulin i kapa ʻia ʻo Ig A, Ig D, Ig E, Ig G a me Ig M, nona nā hana kikoʻī. I ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaleʻale, ʻo ia ka Ig E pili.

  • ʻO ka hopena maʻi. Ke komo ka allergen i ke kino i ka lua o ka manawa, ua mākaukau ka ʻōnaehana pale e pane. Ke ʻimi nei nā antibody e hoʻopau i ka allergen ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kahi pūʻulu o nā hopena pale.

 

  

 

 

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nui

ʻO ka hopena anaphylactic. ʻO kēia hopena maʻi, hikiwawe a ākea, pili i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Inā ʻaʻole mālama koke ʻia, hiki ke holomua i haʻalulu anaphylactic, ʻo ia hoʻi, hāʻule i ke koko, nalowale ka ʻike a me ka make paha, i loko o nā minuke.

I ka hikiwawe o na hoailona mua o hopena koʻikoʻi - ka pehu ʻana ma ka maka a i ʻole ka waha, ʻeha puʻuwai, ʻulaʻula ma ke kino - a i ka hikiwawe ma mua o ka puka ʻana o nā mea mua. hōʻailona o ka ʻeha hanu -paʻakikī i ka hanu ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana, ka ʻūhū, ka hoʻololi ʻana a i ʻole ka nalo ʻana o ka leo-, pono e lawelawe kekahi i ka epinephrine (ÉpiPen®, Twinject®) a hele i ka lumi pilikia me ka wikiwiki.

ʻO ka atopy. ʻO Atopy kahi predisposition hoʻoilina i nā allergies. Hiki i ke kanaka ke loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻano allergies (asthma, rhinitis, eczema, etc.), no nā kumu i ʻike ʻole ʻia. Wahi a ka International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children, kahi noiʻi nui i mālama ʻia ma ʻEulopa, 40% a 60% o nā keiki me ka eczema atopic e loaʻa i nā allergies hanu, a 10% a 20% e loaʻa i ka hānō.2. ʻO nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi maʻi he eczema atopic a me nā allergies meaʻai, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā pēpē. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka rhinitis maʻi maʻi - honi, ʻeha ka maka, a me ka nasal congestion - a hiki i ka hānō ma hope o ka wā kamaliʻi.3.

Nā kumu

No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi allergy, pono 2 mau kūlana: pono ke kino i kahi mea, i kapa ʻia he allergen, a pono kēia mea i loko o ke kaiapuni o ke kanaka.

ka ʻo nā mea maʻi āpau loa he:

  • mai allergens ea : pollen, kulu mite a me ka hulu holoholona;
  • mai nā mea hoʻoweliweli ʻai : pīkī, waiu bipi, hua, palaoa, soy (soy), lāʻau nati, sesame, iʻa, shellfish a me sulphites (he mea mālama);
  • nā allergens ʻē aʻe : nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ka latex, nā mea ʻawaʻawa (bees, wasps, bumblebees, hornets).

He ma'i i ka lauoho holoholona?

ʻAʻole mākou maʻi i ka lauoho, akā i ka ʻili holoholona a i ʻole ka kohu, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka uluna ʻana i nā hulu a me nā kuikele, akā i nā kulu o nā mite e peʻe ana ma laila.

Ua ʻike liʻiliʻi mākou e pili ana i kakumu o ka allergies. Ua ʻae ka poʻe loea i nā kumu like ʻole. ʻOiai he nui nā maʻi allergies ʻohana, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā keiki me nā maʻi allergies e hele mai mai nā ʻohana me ka moʻolelo ʻole o ka maʻi allergies.4. No laila, ʻoiai he genetic predisposition, pili nā kumu ʻē aʻe, ma waena o ia: ka uahi paka, ke ala komohana o ke ola a me ke kaiapuni, ʻoi aku ka pollution ea. Hiki i ke koʻikoʻi ke hōʻike i nā hōʻailona allergy, akā ʻaʻole ia ke kuleana.

Waiu: allergy a intolerance?

ʻAʻole pono e huikau ka maʻi ʻaʻai waiū o ka bipi ma muli o kekahi mau protein waiu me ka lactose intolerance, kahi hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe i kēia waiu kō. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka lactose intolerance ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā huahana waiu ʻole lactose a i ʻole ma ka lawe ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui o ka lactase (Lactaid®), ka enzyme hemahema, i ka wā e ʻai ai i nā huahana waiū.

Hoʻonui pinepine

ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o nā allergies i kēia lā ma mua o 30 mau makahiki i hala. I ka honua, ka ka hoʻomau ʻO nā maʻi maʻi maʻi i pāpālua i nā makahiki he 15 a 20 i hala. ʻO ka 40% a hiki i ka 50% o ka heluna kanaka ma nā ʻāina ʻenehana i hoʻopilikia ʻia e kekahi ʻano allergy5.

  • Ma Quebec, e like me ka hōʻike i hana ʻia e ka National Institute of Public Health o Quebec, ʻike nā ʻano allergies āpau i ka piʻi nui mai 1987 a 1998.6. ʻO ka laha o wīwī lolo piʻi mai 6% i 9,4%, kaasthma, mai ka 2,3% a hiki i ka 5% a me nā allergies ʻē aʻe mai 6,5% a 10,3%.
  • ʻOiai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka XXst ke kenekulia, wīwī lolo pili i ka 1% o ka heluna kanaka o Western Europe, i kēia mau lā ka hapa o ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia he 15% a 20%2. Ma kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa, kokoke 1 i loko o 4 mau keiki i 7 makahiki a ʻoi aʻe pahaeczema ʻātopika. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ma mua o 10% o nā keiki 13 a me 14 mau makahiki i loaʻa i ka hānō.

He aha ka mea e hoʻopili ai i ka piʻi ʻana o nā allergies?

Ma ka nānā ʻana i nā loli kaiapuni a me ka nohona i hōʻailona ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ka poʻe noiʻi i nā kuhiakau like ʻole.

ʻO ke kuhiakau hygienist. Wahi a kēia kuhiakau, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka noho ʻana i kahi kaiapuni (nā hale, nā wahi hana a me nā hana leʻaleʻa) i maʻemaʻe a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e wehewehe i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā maʻi allergies i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana, i ka wā ʻōpiopio, me nā maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi bacteria e ʻae i ka oʻo maikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale, a inā ʻaʻole, e loaʻa i kahi hopena maʻi. E wehewehe kēia i ke kumu e emi ai ka pilikia o nā keiki i loaʻa i ʻehā a ʻelima mau anu i ka makahiki.

Ka permeability o ka mucous membranes. Wahi a kekahi kuhiakau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka allergies ma muli o ka nui o ka permeability o nā mucous membranes (ka ʻōpū, ka waha, ka hanu) a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka flora intestinal.

No nā mea hou aku e pili ana i ke kumuhana, e heluhelu i nā Allergies: ʻO ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe loea.

Evolution

Ke hoʻomau nei nā maʻi allergies: pono ʻoe e pāpā pinepine i ka meaʻai mai kāu ʻai no ke koena o kou ola. No nā maʻi allergies, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa a hiki i ka nalo ʻana a kokoke loa, ʻoiai ke kū ʻana o ka allergen. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu e hiki ai ke hoʻomanawanui, i kēia hihia. E ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka eczema atopic i nā makahiki. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ka maʻi ʻaleʻa i ka ʻawaʻawa e hiki mai ana ma hope o ka nahu ʻana, i kekahi manawa ma hope o ka lua o ka nahu ʻana, ke ʻole ʻoe e loaʻa i ka mālama desensitization.

PalekanaEND_LINK

Lawe ke kauka i ka moʻolelo o nā hōʻailona: i ka manawa hea lākou e ʻike ai a pehea. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ʻili a i ʻole kahi laʻana koko e hiki ai ke ʻike pololei i ka allergen i nīnau ʻia i mea e hoʻopau ai i ka mea hiki loa mai kona wahi noho, a hiki ke mālama maikaʻi i ka allergy.

ka hoʻāʻo ʻili e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka hopena maʻi. Hoʻokomo lākou i ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻili i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa o nā mea allergenic i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia; hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo ma kahi o kanahā i ka manawa. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke lilo i pollen mai nā mea kanu like ʻole, mold, dander holoholona, ​​mites, bee venom, penicillin, etc. A laila ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o kahi hopena maʻi, hiki ke hiki koke a lohi paha (48 mau hola ma hope, ʻoi loa no ka eczema). Inā loaʻa ka maʻi allergy, ʻike ʻia kahi kiko ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi, e like me ka nahu nahu.

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