Ua wehewehe ʻia ʻo Ametropia e ka ʻike ʻole o ka maka. Ua pili loa ia i ka hui ole o na kukuna kukui ma ka retina, me ka myopia, hyperopia, a i ole presbyopia paha ke kumu.

ʻO nā kumu o ka ametropia he mau deformities o ka maka a me kona mau ʻāpana o loko, pili i nā deformities a i ʻole ka ʻelemakule ma mua o ka maʻi. ʻO ke kuleana o ka maka, ʻo ia ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā kukuna māmā mai nā mea a puni mākou i kahi kiko. Ke kūpono nā mea a pau, kamaʻilio mākouemetropia. KA 'ametropia no laila ke kuhikuhi nei i kahi ʻae o nā kukuna māmā.

Hoʻopili ʻia kēia ʻae ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻelua. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ka deflection o nā kukuna māmā, hana ʻia e ka ʻoka a ʻomiLomini, ʻelua mau maka biconvex. Ma kekahi, ka hohonu o ka maka. ʻO ka pahuhopu holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ka hoʻopaʻa pono ʻana i nā kukuna ma luna o ka retina, ma kona wahi koʻikoʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo ka makula, no keia mea, pono e hoolei pololei i ke kaola hookomo, a e loaa ka retina ma kahi mamao.

No laila, ʻo nā kumu like ʻole o ka ametropia deformations o ka lens, cornea, a hohonu paha o ka maka.

Aia nā hōʻailona like ʻole oametropia, no kēlā me kēia hihia o ka like ʻole. Hiki i kēlā me kēia o lākou ke hele pū me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka ʻike impaired: poʻo, ʻeha maka, ʻehaʻeha maka.

• ʻIke pohihihi mai kahi mamao aku: la myopia

Inā hoʻomaka ka lens o ka maka i nā kukuna kukui, ma muli o ka mana ohale noho nui loa, a hohonu paha ka maka, ʻōlelo mākou no ka myopia. Ma kēia hiʻohiʻona, ʻaʻole ʻike maopopo ka maka ʻike kokoke mai kahi mamao aku, no ka mea, e nānā koke ʻia nā kukuna o nā mea mamao. No laila, e pōwehiwehi ko lākou kiʻi ma ka retina.

• Pohina kokoke i ka hihio: kahipoliaia

Inā lōʻihi ka nānā ʻana o ka lens o ka maka i nā kukuna kukui, a ʻaʻole hohonu paha ka maka, ua kapa ʻia ia he maka hyperopic. I kēia manawa, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻike mamao me kahi noho liʻiliʻi o ka lens, i mea e kālele ai nā kukuna i ka retina. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea kokoke ke nānā aku i ka retina. No laila, aia ke kiko kiko ma hope o ka maka, a e pōwehiwehi hou ke kiʻi ma ka retina.

• Ua pōwehiwehi ka ʻike me ka makahiki: La presbyopia

Ma muli o ka ʻelemakule maoli o ka maka, ka ʻomiLomini, ke kuleana o ka noho ʻana o ka maka a no laila no ka ʻoi o ka ʻike, e nalowale mālie kona elasticity a paʻakikī. No laila e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, inā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo i kahi kiʻi inā kokoke loa. ʻO ia ke kumu i ʻike pinepine ʻia ai ka hōʻailona mua o ka presbyopia ʻo ia ka "hiki i waho" e ʻike maikaʻi! Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ma kahi o 45 mau makahiki.

• ʻIke hewa ʻole, nā leka kope: kaAstigmatism

Inā hoʻololi ʻia ka cornea o ka maka, a i kekahi manawa ka lens, a laila e pale ʻia nā kukuna kukui e hiki mai ana, a pāpālua paha. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ke kiʻi ma ka retina, kokoke a mamao. ʻIke ʻelua ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia, pohō pinepine. Hiki ke loaʻa ka astigmatism ma muli o kahi kīnā o ka hānau ʻana, me ke ʻano oval i kapa ʻia ʻo "rugby ball" ma kahi o ka poepoe, a i ʻole ma muli o kahi maʻi e like me keratokone.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no ka ametropia e pili ana i kona kumu a me kona ʻano. Hiki iā mākou ke ho'āʻo e hoʻololi i nā kukuna e komo i ka maka, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aniani a me nā lens, a i ʻole e hana e hoʻololi i kona ʻano i loko.

Ka nele o ka pale

Hoʻopili ʻia nā hihia like ʻole o ka ametropia i ka ulu ʻana o ke kino, no laila ʻaʻohe mea pale e pale ai, no ka laʻana, myopia. ʻO ka mea kūpono, no nā keiki liʻiliʻi, e ʻike koke i nā hōʻailona mua o ka ametropia i mea e loaʻa ai kahi hopena.

Makaaniani a me na lens

ʻO ka hopena maʻamau i ka mālama ʻana i ka ametropia ʻo ia ke komo ʻana i nā makaaniani a i ʻole nā ​​leka hoʻopili, e kau pololei ʻia ma ka cornea. No laila, no ka myopia, hyperopia, a i ʻole presbyopia, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lens hoʻoponopono e hiki ai ke hoʻololi i ke kihi o nā kukuna māmā i ka hoʻokomo. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻopaʻi ai i nā hemahema o ka cornea a i ʻole ka lens, a e hōʻoia i ka nānā ʻana o nā kukuna e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ma ka retina, ʻaʻole ma mua a ma hope paha.

ʻO keʻano maʻamau

Aia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻokoʻa, ʻo ka pahuhopu o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka maka. ʻO ka manaʻo e hoʻololi i ka curvature o ka cornea, ʻoi aku ka pinepine ma ka wehe ʻana i kahi papa ma luna me ka laser.

ʻO nā hana ʻoki nui ʻekolu e like me kēia

• lasik, ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia

ʻO ka hana LASIK (no " Hoʻonui i loko o kahi i kōkua ʻia e Laser ») ʻo ia ka ʻoki ʻana i ka cornea me ka laser e wehe i kahi mānoanoa liʻiliʻi. Hoʻololi kēia i ka curvature o ka cornea a hoʻopaʻi i nā hewa i ka lens.

• PRK, ʻoi aku ka ʻenehana

ʻO ka hana PRK, photorefractive keratectomy, hoʻohana i ke ʻano like me LASIK akā ma ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻili o ka ʻili.

• Nā lens intro-ocular

ʻO ka holomua o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka maka e hiki ai ke hoʻokomo i nā lens "mau" ma lalo pono o ka cornea (hiki ke wehe ʻia i ka wā o nā hana hou).