ʻAʻole hoʻohauʻoli wale ka poʻe ʻike ʻole iā mākou, akā makaʻu hoʻi iā mākou: makaʻu mākou e aʻo i kekahi mea e pili ana iā mākou iho ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke noho me ka maluhia. Hiki paha ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka pilina me ko mākou ʻike ʻole, me ka hoʻohana ʻole i nā huaʻōlelo o ka psychoanalysis, akā nā kiʻi ʻike? Ua kamaʻilio ʻo Psychoanalyst Andrei Rossokhin e pili ana i kēia.
Nā Psychology He moʻolelo hoihoi a paʻakikī ka ʻike ʻole. Pehea ʻoe e pane ai i ka nīnau: he aha ka ʻike ʻole?1
ʻO Andrey Rossokhin: Makemake nā psychologists e ʻōlelo ma nā huaʻōlelo, akā e hoʻāʻo wau e wehewehe i kēia manaʻo ma kahi ʻōlelo ola. ʻO ka maʻamau i nā haʻiʻōlelo ke hoʻohālikelike nei au i ka ʻike ʻole me ka macrocosm a me ka microcosm. E noʻonoʻo i kā mākou ʻike e pili ana i ke ao holoʻokoʻa. I kekahi mau manawa ua ʻike au i kahi kūlana kūikawā ma nā mauna: ke nānā ʻoe i nā hōkū, inā lanakila maoli ʻoe i kekahi kūʻē kūloko a ʻae iā ʻoe iho e manaʻo i ka palena ʻole, e uhaʻi i kēia kiʻi i nā hōkū, manaʻo i kēia infinity o ka cosmos a me ka insignificance loa. iā ʻoe iho, a laila ʻike ʻia kahi kūlana weliweli. ʻO ka hopena, hoʻomaka kā mākou mau mea pale. Ua ʻike mākou ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka cosmos i ka honua hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole loa ka honua.
ʻO ka honua psychic, ma ke kumu, e like me ka palena ʻole, e like me ka ʻike ʻole a hiki i ka hopena, e like me ka macrocosm.
Eia naʻe, he manaʻo ko ka hapanui o mākou e pili ana i ka lani a me nā hōkū, a makemake mākou e nānā i nā hōkū. ʻO kēia, ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, mālie, no ka mea, hoʻohuli ʻo ia i kēia abyss cosmic i planetarium, aia kahi ʻili o ka lewa. Hoʻopiha ʻia ka hohonu o ka honua i nā kiʻi, nā kiʻi, hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo, hiki iā mākou ke hauʻoli, hoʻopiha iā ia me ka manaʻo ʻuhane. Akā i ka hana ʻana pēlā, makemake mākou e pale i ka manaʻo aia kekahi mea ʻē aʻe ma waho o ka ʻili, kahi mea pau ʻole, ʻike ʻole, pau ʻole, huna.
No ka nui o kā mākou hoʻāʻo ʻana, ʻaʻole mākou e ʻike i nā mea āpau. A ʻo kekahi o ke ʻano o ke ola, no ka laʻana, no ka poʻe ʻepekema e aʻo i nā hōkū, ʻo ia ke aʻo i kahi mea hou, e aʻo i nā manaʻo hou. ʻAʻole ʻike i nā mea āpau (hiki ʻole), akā e holomua i kēia ʻike.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kēia manawa āpau wau e kamaʻilio nei i nā huaʻōlelo e pili pono ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo psychic. ʻAʻole hoʻoikaika nā psychoanalysts a me nā psychologists i ka mālama ʻana i nā kānaka (psychoanalysts a me psychotherapists i kahi ʻoi aku ka nui), akā e ʻike pū i ko lākou honua noʻonoʻo, me ka ʻike ʻana he pau ʻole. I ka manaʻo, ua like ia me ka palena ʻole, e like me ke kumu ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia a hiki i ka hopena, e like me ka macrocosm. ʻO ke kumu o kā mākou hana noʻonoʻo, psychoanalytic, e like me ka poʻe ʻepekema e noiʻi ana i ka honua o waho, e neʻe.
ʻO ke kumu o ka hana psychoanalytic, e like me ka poʻe ʻepekema e noiʻi ana i ka honua o waho, ʻo ia ke neʻe.
ʻO kekahi o nā manaʻo o ke ola o ke kanaka, ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o nā manaʻo hou: inā ʻaʻole ʻo ia e ʻike i nā manaʻo hou, inā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia minuke e hālāwai me kahi mea ʻike ʻole ʻia, i koʻu manaʻo, nalowale ke ʻano o ke ola.
Aia mākou i ka ʻike mau ʻana i nā manaʻo hou, nā ʻāina hou. ʻO nā ufology a pau, nā moemoeā a puni nā malihini, he hōʻailona kēia o kā mākou ʻike ʻole, no ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo mākou e hoʻolālā i kā mākou mau makemake a me nā makemake, nā makaʻu a me nā hopohopo, a me nā ʻike, nā mea āpau, nā mea āpau i loko o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o waho i ke ʻano o ka miliona mau moemoeā e pili ana i nā malihini. lele i loko a hoʻopakele iā mākou, pono lākou e mālama iā mākou, a i ʻole, he mau mea hoʻopunipuni paha lākou, nā mea ʻino e makemake e luku iā mākou.
ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka ʻike ʻole he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia, hohonu a nui hoʻi ma mua o ka mea a mākou e ʻike ai i kēlā me kēia lā i ke ola, ke hana nui mākou me ka ʻike ʻole: ke hoʻomalu nei mākou i ke kaʻa, e waiho ana i ka puke me ka kānalua ʻole. He ʻokoʻa anei nā mea ʻike ʻole a me ka ʻike ʻole?
A. R.: Aia kekahi mau automatisms i hele i loko o ka ʻike ʻole. Pehea mākou i aʻo ai i ka hoʻokele kaʻa - ua ʻike mākou iā lākou, a i kēia manawa mākou e hoʻokele semi-akomi. Akā i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, ʻike koke mākou i kekahi mau manawa, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike iā lākou. Aia nā automatisms hohonu i hiki ʻole iā mākou ke ʻike, e like me ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ko mākou kino. Akā inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka psychic unconscious, a laila eia ke kumu kumu. Inā mākou e hōʻemi i ka ʻike ʻole a pau i ka automatisms, e like me ka mea maʻamau, a laila ʻoiaʻiʻo ke hoʻomau nei mākou mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka honua i loko o ke kanaka i kaupalena ʻia e ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo, me kekahi mau automatisms, a hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ke kino ma aneʻi.
Aia kekahi manawa e ʻike maoli ʻoe hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo i ke aloha a me ka inaina no ke kanaka hoʻokahi.
ʻO kēlāʻanoʻike o kaʻikeʻole e ho'ēmi i ka psyche a me ka honua o loko o ke kanaka i kahi palena palena. A inā mākou e nānā i ko mākou honua i loko ma kēia ʻano, a laila e hana kēia i ko mākou honua i loko mechanistic, predictable, controllable. He mana hoʻopunipuni maoli nō ia, akā ua like ia me mākou i ka mana. A no laila, ʻaʻohe wahi no ka pīhoihoi a i ʻole kekahi mea hou. A ʻo ka mea nui, ʻaʻohe wahi no ka huakaʻi. No ka mea, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo nui ma psychoanalysis, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka psychoanalysis Farani, ʻo ia ka huakaʻi.
Aia mākou ma kahi huakaʻi i kekahi honua a mākou i ʻike liʻiliʻi no ka mea ua loaʻa iā mākou ka ʻike (e hele ana kēlā me kēia psychoanalyst i kāna kānana ponoʻī ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hana hohonu a koʻikoʻi me kekahi kanaka). A ua noho ʻoe i kekahi mea i loko o nā puke, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a i ʻole ma kahi ʻē aʻe - ʻo ke ʻano o ke kanaka āpau e pili ana i kēia.
No ke aha, he mea weliweli loa ka huakaʻi i ka hohonu o ka psyche no nā mea he nui? No ke aha kēia hohonu o ka ʻike ʻole, ka palena ʻole e hiki ai i kēia huakaʻi ke hōʻike mai iā mākou, kahi kumu o ka makaʻu, ʻaʻole wale ka hoihoi a ʻaʻole wale ka ʻike?
A. R.: No ke aha mākou e makaʻu ai, no ka laʻana, i ka manaʻo o ka holo ʻana i kahi mokulele? He mea weliweli ke noonoo. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hou aʻe: me kahi mask, ma ka laulā, ua mākaukau kēlā me kēia o mākou e ʻauʻau, akā inā ʻoe e holo mamao loa mai ke kahakai, a laila hoʻomaka kahi hohonu ʻeleʻele ma laila e hoʻohuli hou mākou i ke kūlana maʻamau. . He mau koʻa, he nani i laila, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka iʻa ma laila, akā ke nānā ʻoe i ka hohonu, aia nā iʻa nui ma laila, ʻaʻohe mea ʻike i ka mea e ʻauʻau ai i laila, a hoʻopiha koke kou mau moemoeā i kēia hohonu. E ʻoluʻolu ʻole ʻoe. ʻO ke kai ke kumu o ko kākou ola, ʻaʻole hiki iā kākou ke ola me ka wai ʻole, me ke kai ʻole, me ka hohonu ʻole o ke kai.
Ua ʻike ʻo Freud i kēlā ʻike ʻole, kēlā honua i loko o ke kanaka, piha i nā manaʻo ambivalent ʻokoʻa loa.
Hāʻawi lākou i ke ola i kēlā me kēia o mākou, akā ma ke ʻano maopopo ke makaʻu nei lākou. No ke aha ia? No ka mea, he ambivalent ko mākou psyche. ʻO kēia wale nō ka huaʻōlelo aʻu e hoʻohana nei i kēia lā. Akā, he ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi kēia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo maoli a ola ia ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki o ka nānā ʻana. E hiki mai ana kahi manawa e ʻae ai ʻoe i ka ambivalence o kēia ao a me kou pilina me ia, ke ʻike maoli ʻoe hiki iā ʻoe ke aloha a me ka inaina i ke kanaka hoʻokahi.
A ʻo kēia, ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole ia e luku i ka mea ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ʻoe, hiki iā ia, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, ke hana i kahi wahi noʻonoʻo, kahi ākea o ke ola. Pono mākou e hele mai i kēia manawa, no ka mea, makaʻu mākou i kēia ambivalence: makemake mākou e aloha wale i ke kanaka, akā makaʻu mākou i nā manaʻo o ka inaina e pili ana iā ia, no ka mea, aia ka hewa, ka hoʻopaʻi ponoʻī. nui nā manaʻo hohonu like ʻole.
He aha ke akamai o Freud? I ka hoʻomaka, hana ʻo ia me nā maʻi hysterical, hoʻolohe i kā lākou mau moʻolelo a kūkulu i ka manaʻo aia kekahi ʻano hana hoʻomāinoino ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā pākeke. Manaʻo nā kānaka a pau ʻo ia ke kipi i hana ʻia e Freud. Akā ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe mea pili i ka psychoanalysis. He psychotherapy maʻemaʻe kēia: ka manaʻo o kekahi ʻano trauma e hiki i nā pākeke ke hoʻokau i kahi keiki a i ʻole kekahi, a laila pili i ka psyche. Aia kekahi mana o waho, aia kahi trauma waho i alakaʻi i nā hōʻailona. Pono mākou e hoʻoponopono i kēia ʻeha, a e maikaʻi nā mea a pau.
ʻAʻohe ʻano pilikino me ka moekolohe ʻole. Kōkua ka moekolohe i ka hoʻomohala pilikino
A ʻo ka akamai o Freud ʻaʻole ia i kū ma laila, hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hoʻolohe, hoʻomau i ka hana. A laila ua ʻike ʻo ia i kēlā ʻike ʻole, kēlā honua i loko o ke kanaka, piha i nā manaʻo ambivalent ʻokoʻa loa, nā makemake, nā paio, nā moemoeā, ʻāpana a hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha, ka hapa nui o ka pēpē, ka mea mua loa. Ua ʻike ʻo ia ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka ʻeha. ʻAʻole paha he ʻoiaʻiʻo ka hapa nui o nā hihia āna i hilinaʻi ai ma ka ʻaoʻao pilikanaka: ʻaʻole, ʻaʻohe hana ʻino mai nā mākua, ʻo ia nā manaʻo o kahi keiki i manaʻoʻiʻo maoli iā lākou. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, uaʻikeʻo Freud i nā hakakā me kaʻikeʻole.
ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe mana o waho, he hana noʻonoʻo kūloko?
A. R.: He kaʻina hana noʻonoʻo i loko i kuhi ʻia ma luna o nā poʻe mākua a puni. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohewa i ke keiki no kēia, no ka mea, ʻo kāna ʻoiaʻiʻo psychic kēia. Ma ʻaneʻi i ʻike ai ʻo Freud ʻo ka trauma, ʻaʻole ia i waho, ʻo ia ka hakakā. Ke ulu nei nā mana kūloko like ʻole, nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole i loko o mākou. E noʻonoʻo wale…
No laila, ua ho'āʻo wau i kekahi manawa e ʻike i ka manaʻo o ke keiki liʻiliʻi ke honi nā mākua. No ke aha lākou e honi ai i nā lehelehe, no ka laʻana, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia? No ke aha e hiki ai iā lākou ke hiamoe pū, a ʻo wau wale nō, a ma kahi lumi ʻē aʻe? ʻAʻole hiki ke wehewehe. No ke aha mai? Nui ka huhū. Ua ʻike mākou mai ka psychology e hele ana kēlā me kēia ulu kanaka i nā hakakā. A mai ka psychoanalysis, ʻike mākou ʻaʻole e hele wale ka ulu ʻana o kahi ʻano, me ke kanaka, ma o nā hakakā wale nō, akā ma o nā hakakā pili i ka moekolohe. ʻO kaʻu ʻōlelo punahele, aʻu i hoʻokumu mua ai: "ʻAʻohe kanaka me ka ʻole o ka moekolohe." Kōkua ka moekolohe i ka hoʻomohala pilikino.
Inā pili maoli ʻoe i ka hana - ʻo ia ke ala i ka ʻike ʻole
Makemake ke keiki e hele a moe me kona mau mākua, makemake ʻo ia e noho pū me lāua. Aka, ua papaia oia, ua hoihoi ia, a ua lilo keia i mea e hopohopo ai a me ka maopopo ole. Pehea ʻo ia e hoʻokō ai? Ke komo nei ʻo ia i loko o kēia lumi, akā pehea? Loaʻa ʻo ia i laila i kāna moemoeā, a hoʻomaka mālie kēia e hoʻomaha iā ia. Komo ʻo ia i laila, e noʻonoʻo ana i nā mea e hana nei ma laila. Mai ʻaneʻi i hānau ʻia ai kēia mau ʻike a pau, ʻo kēia mau kiʻi surrealistic o nā mea pena kiʻi, mamao loa mai ka biology a mai ka physiology o ka moekolohe kanaka makua. ʻO kēia ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka wahi noʻonoʻo mai nā leo, nā manaʻo, nā manaʻo. Akā, hoʻomaha kēia i ke keiki, manaʻoʻo ia ua hoʻomakaʻo ia e hoʻomalu i ke kūlana, hiki ke komo i ka lumi moe o ka makua. A no laila, lawe ia i kahi manaʻo hou.
Aia kekahi mau ala ʻē aʻe e kiʻi ai i kā mākou ʻike ʻole ma waho o ka psychoanalysis?
A. R.: No ka mea aia ka ʻike ʻole ma nā wahi āpau, hiki ke komo i nā wahi āpau. Loaʻa i ka ʻike ʻole i kēlā me kēia manawa o ko mākou ola, no ka mea, aia mau ka ʻike ʻole me mākou. Inā mākou e oi attentive a ho'āʻo e nana ma waho o ka ili o ka lani, aʻu i olelo ai, a laila ka unconscious e hoʻomanaʻo iā mākou iho ma o nā puke e hoʻopā mai iā mākou, ma ka liʻiliʻi iki, ke kumu o mākou i nā manaʻo, ʻaʻole pono, ʻokoʻa: ʻeha, ʻeha, hauʻoli, hauʻoli… ʻO kēia ka hālāwai me kekahi mau ʻano ʻike ʻole: i nā kiʻi, i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, i ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kekahi. He mokuʻāina kūikawā kēia. ʻO ia wale nō ka wehe koke ʻana o kahi kanaka mai kekahi ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, a no laila ua wehe mai kahi micro-univers hou iaʻu. Pēlā nō i nā manawa a pau.
No ka mea ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā puke a me nā kiʻi pena, loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o nā hana i ʻike maopopo ʻia ai ka pane o ka poʻe ʻike ʻole?
A. R.: E ʻōlelo wau i hoʻokahi mea maʻalahi, a laila hoʻokahi mea kikoʻī. ʻO ka mea maʻalahi, inā pili maoli ʻoe i kahi hana, ʻo ia ke ala i ka ʻike ʻole, a inā e hoʻonāukiuki i kou mau manaʻo, ʻaʻole pono nā manaʻo maikaʻi, ʻo ia ka mea e hiki ke hoʻomohala iā ʻoe. A ʻo ka mea kikoʻī aʻu e makemake ai e kaʻana like he paradoxical loa. ʻO ka puke maikaʻi loa aʻu i heluhelu ai ma ka psychoanalysis he kiʻi kiʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Freud. Kākau ʻia e Jean-Paul Sartre.
Hoʻohui maikaʻi.
A. R.: ʻO kēia ke akeakamai hoʻokahi i hoʻohewa iā Freud i kona ola a pau. Ka mea i kūkulu i nā manaʻo he nui e pili ana i ka hoʻohewa ʻana iā Freud. A no laila ua kākau ʻo ia i kahi palapala kiʻiʻoniʻoni maikaʻi loa, kahi i ʻike maoli ʻia ai ka ʻuhane o ka psychoanalysis, ke ʻano hohonu o ka psychoanalysis. ʻAʻole au i heluhelu i kekahi mea maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o kēia moʻolelo biography "fake" o Freud, kahi mea nui e hoʻopiha ai ʻo Sartre me ka manaʻo. He mea kupaianaha kēia, maʻalahi loa, maopopo a lawe i ka ʻuhane o ka ʻike ʻole a me ka psychoanalysis.
1 Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka nīnauele no ka papahana Psychologies "Status: i kahi pilina" ma ka lekiō "Culture" i ʻOkakopa 2016.