ʻO ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae (mai ka Latin clavicula, kī liʻiliʻi) he ʻāpana o ka lālā haʻahaʻa e pili ana i ka wāwae i ka wāwae.

ʻO ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae ke kiko o ka hoʻopili ʻana ma waena o ke axis horizontal o ka wāwae a me ke axis vertical o ke kino.

iwi. ʻO ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae he mau iwi:

• ʻO ka hope haʻahaʻa o ka tibia
• ʻO ka hope haʻahaʻa o ka fibula, he iwi ma ka wāwae i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka fibula
• ʻO ka hope o ka talus, iwi o ka wāwae aia ma ka calcaneus ma ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae

ʻŌlelo Tallow-crule. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hui kuʻekuʻe wāwae nui. Hoʻohui ia i ka talus a me ka mortise tibiofibular, kahi huaʻōlelo e kuhikuhi ana i ka wahi pine i hana ʻia e ka hui o ka tibia a me ka fibula (1).

Nā Ligaments. He nui nā ligament e hoʻopili i nā iwi o ka wāwae a me nā iwi o ka wāwae.

• ʻO nā ligaments tibiofibular mua a me hope
• ʻO ka ligament collateral lateral i hana ʻia i nā pūpū 3: ka ligament calcaneofibular a me nā ligament talofibular anterior a me hope.
• ʻO ka ligament collateral medial e pili ana i ka ligament deltoid a me nā ligament tibiotalar mua a me hope (2).

ʻO nā ʻiʻo a me nā ʻiʻo. ʻO nā ʻiʻo a me nā ʻiʻo like ʻole e hele mai ana mai ka wāwae a hiki i ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae. Hoʻohui ʻia lākou i ʻehā mau ʻāpana ʻiʻo ʻokoʻa:

• ʻO ka ʻaoʻao hope loa e pili ana i ka triceps sural muscle a me ka tendon Achilles.
• ʻO ka ʻaoʻao hope hohonu i loko o nā ʻiʻo o ka maka hope o ka tibia, nā ʻiʻo o ia mea e holo i ka ʻaoʻao o loko o ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae.
• ʻO ka ʻaoʻao mua e pili ana i nā ʻiʻo flexor o ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae
• ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao e pili ana i ka ʻiʻo fibular brevis a me ka ʻiʻo fibular longus

pilakau. ʻO ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae e hiki ai i ka neʻe ʻana o ka hope o ka wāwae e pili ana i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka alo hope o ka wāwae i ka alo mua o ka wāwae (3).

Hōʻihi. Hiki i ka ku'eku'e wāwae ke ne'e o ka ho'onui 'ana a i 'ole ka ho'ololi 'ana i ka wāwae o ka wāwae (3).

ʻŪhā. Hoʻopili ia i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha nā ʻeha ligament i hana ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā ligaments waho. ʻO nā hōʻailona ka ʻeha a me ka pehu ma ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae.

ʻO Tendinopathie. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka tendonitis. ʻO nā hōʻailona o kēia pathology ka nui o ka ʻeha i ka tendon i ka wā hoʻoikaika. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kumu o kēia mau pathologies. ʻO nā kumu ʻelua, e like me nā genetic predispositions, e like me extrinsic, e like me ka hana kūpono ʻole o kahi haʻuki, a i ʻole ka hui ʻana o kekahi o kēia mau kumu ke kumu (1).

ʻOhaʻo Achilles tendon. He weluwelu ia o nā mea i kumu e haki ka tendon Achilles. ʻO nā ʻōuli he ʻeha hikiwawe a hiki ʻole ke hele wāwae. Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ke kumu (4).

Lapaʻau kino. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau kino, ma o nā papahana hoʻoikaika kino, ua kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia e like me ka physiotherapy a i ʻole physiotherapy.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ma muli o ke kūlana a me ka ʻeha i ʻike ʻia e ka mea maʻi, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau ʻeha. Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory inā ʻike ʻia ka mumū o ka tendon.

ʻO keʻano maʻamau. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka wā e haki ai ka tendon Achilles, a hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia i kekahi mau hihia o ka tendinopathy a me ka sprains.

Ke kaulike. ʻO ka maʻi ma mua o nā mea a pau ma kahi hoʻokolohua lapaʻau e ʻike i ke kūlana papa o ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae, ka hiki ke neʻe a ʻaʻole paha, a me ka ʻeha i ʻike ʻia e ka mea maʻi.

ʻImi hoʻokolohua kiʻi. No ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi pathology, hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolokolo kiʻi olakino e like me ka x-ray, ultrasound, scintigraphy a i ʻole MRI.

I kekahi mau ʻano hoʻopaʻapaʻa e like me ka hulahula a haʻuki paha, ʻimi nā mea pāʻani e hoʻomohala i ka hypermobility o nā hono, i hiki ke loaʻa ma o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kikoʻī. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kēia hypermobility ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole. Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻole ʻia a lohi ʻia hoʻi, ʻo ka ligla hyperlaxity e paʻa ʻole ai nā hono, e nāwaliwali loa ai (5).