Contents
He aha ka maningitis bacterial?
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi he maʻi ʻeha a me ka maʻi o ka maninges, nā membrane lahilahi e hoʻopuni ana i ka lolo a me ke kuamoʻo (ke ʻōnaehana nerve waena). Hiki ke kumu mai ka ma'i ma'i (viral maningitis), bacteria (bacterial maningitis), a i 'ole he ha'o a i 'ole ka ma'i.
I ka hihia o ka maʻi bacterial, hiki ke komo i nā ʻohana like ʻole a me nā ʻano bacteria. Ma na hihia a pau, Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke kau ʻana o nā lāʻau antibiotic, maʻamau maʻamau.
ʻO ka meningitis pneumococcal
ʻO ka pneumococcus, o kona inoa Latin ʻO Streptococcus pneumoniae, he ʻohana bacteria hiki ke hoʻoulu i kekahi mau maʻi koʻikoʻi a emi mai paha, mai ka sinusitis a i ka ma'i pneumonia, me ka maningitis a me ka otitis.
ʻO ka pneumococcus he huakino hiki ke loaʻa maoli i loko o ka nasopharyngeal sphere (ihu, pharynx a me ka waha paha) o nā "mea lawe ola" me ka ʻole o ka hōʻailona ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, inā hoʻoili ʻia ia i kahi kanaka ʻaʻole ia a / a i ʻole ka lawa ʻole o nā pale pale, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka otitis, sinusitis, a i ʻole pneumonia a me ka maningitis inā ʻO Streptococcus pneumoniae komo i ke koko a hiki i ka maninges.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka make mai ka maʻi pneumococcal ma ka poʻe ʻelemakule a me nā keiki liʻiliʻi a me nā pēpē. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole alakaʻi kēia ʻano maningitis i nā maʻi maʻi e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka hihia o ka maningococcal maningitis bacterial.
ʻO Neisseria Meningitis : ka hihia o ka maningococcal maningitis
E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o kona inoa, ʻo ka bacteria Neisseria meningitidis, mai ka ʻohana maningococcal, ke kumu nui o ka maʻi maʻi. He 13 mau kānana, a i ʻole serogroup o kēia ʻohana bacteria. ʻO kēia mau mea e pili ana i ka maningococcal maningitis type B a me ke ʻano C, ka mea maʻamau ma ʻEulopa, a me nā strains A, W, X a me Y.
Ma Palani ma 2018, e like me ka ʻikepili mai ka National Reference Center for Meningococci a me ʻO Haemophilus influenzae mai ka Institut Pasteur, ma waena o nā hihia 416 o ka maningococcal maningitis i ʻike ʻia ai ka serogroup, ʻO 51% he serogroup B, 13% he C, 21% o W, 13% o Y a me 2% o nā serogroups kaka'ikahi a i 'ole ka serogroupable.
E hoʻomaopopo i ka bacteria Neisseria meningitidis aia maoli i loko o ka ENT sphere (ka ʻāʻī, ka ihu) mai 1 a 10% o ka heluna kanaka (ma waho o ka wā maʻi maʻi), e like me ka World Health Organization (WHO). Akā naʻe, hiki i kēia mea maʻi ke hoʻonui i ka ʻōnaehana immune a hoʻoulu i ka maningitis, ʻoi aku i nā kamaliʻi, nā kamaliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā ʻōpio a i ʻole nā ʻōpio makua, a me nā maʻi immunocompromised.
Listeria, Haemophilus influenzae et Escherichia coli, nā bacteria ʻē aʻe i pili
Ua ʻike ʻia e nā wahine hāpai, ka Listeria He mea maʻi maʻi e hoʻoulu ai i ka listeriosis i nā mea palupalu, akā hiki nō ke kumu i ka maningitis. No laila ka mea nui o hahai i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo meaʻai a me ka maʻemaʻe i ka wā hāpai a me ka wā kamaliʻi, ma waena o kekahi ma ka pale ʻana i ka paʻakai a me nā meaʻai waiū i hana ʻia mai ka waiū maka, ka ʻiʻo maka, puhi ʻia a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo i hoʻomoʻa ʻia, etc. Hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Listeria monocytogenes ma o ka ʻāpana digestive ke ʻai ʻia nā huahana waiū i hoʻohaumia ʻia a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo anu.
Loaʻa nā ʻano maningitis bacterial ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi pili i ka bacteria ʻO Haemophilus influenzae (Hib), ka mea i maʻa mau ma Farani i kekahi mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau kū'ēʻO Haemophilus influenzae, ʻōlelo mua ʻia a koi ʻia, ua hōʻemi ka maʻi o kēia ʻano maningitis a me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e kēia bacteria.
Ua pili pū kekahi meningitis hua'ōlelo Escherichia coli, ʻo wai ka mea hiki meaʻai, I ka wa hānau hānau, ma muli o ka pili ʻana me ka ʻāpana o ka makuahine. ʻO nā pēpē haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā pēpē ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka pilikia.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi hiki ke hana i ka maningitis i nā poʻe immunocompromised.
Contagion: pehea ʻoe e hopu ai i ka maningitis bacterial?
ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi bacterial, inā ma muli o ka pneumococcus a i ʻole ka maningococcus, hiki mai ma o ka pilina pili kokoke, pololei a ʻole a me ka lōʻihi. nasopharyngeal huna, ʻo ia hoʻi e nā kulu kohu, ka ʻū, nā postillions. Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea haumia (mea pāʻani, cutlery) hiki ke hoʻoili i ka bacteria, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pōʻai ENT a i ʻole i ka meninges, ʻoi aku i nā maʻi immunocompromised, nā pēpē a me nā keiki liʻiliʻi.
E hoʻomanaʻo, hiki nō ke kū mai ka maʻi maʻi pneumococcal ma hope o ka ʻeha poʻo, ka mea e hana ai i ka haʻihaʻi i loko o nā meninges. Kapa ʻia kēia maningitis post-traumatic. Hiki i ka maningitis pneumococcal ma hope o ka ma'i ENT ma'amau (otitis, anu, bronchiolitis, flu...).
Nā hōʻailona o ka maningitis bacterial
ʻO ka maningitis bacterial he ʻelua mau ʻano hōʻailona nui, ʻo ia hoʻi:
- un maʻi ʻeha, ka hui pū ʻana i nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi e like me ke kuni kiʻekiʻe, ke poʻo poʻo nui, ka luaʻi ʻana (ʻoi loa i nā mokulele);
- a maʻi maʻi maʻi, hōʻailona o ka mumū o ka maninges, kahi i loaʻa ai ka ʻāʻī ʻoʻoleʻa, ka huikau, ka haunaele o ka ʻike, ka lethargy, ka naʻau i ka mālamalama (photophobia), ʻo ka coma a i ʻole ka hopu ʻana.
ʻO nā hōʻailona paʻakikī i kekahi manawa ke ʻike ʻia i loko o ka pēpē
E hoʻomaopopo i nā keiki liʻiliʻi, a ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā kamaliʻi, ʻaʻole kikoʻī nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi a paʻakikī ke ʻike.
Aia kekahi he ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha, kaʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo ʻana o ka ʻiʻo. Hiki i ke keiki liʻiliʻi hoole i ka ai, e noho ma ke kulana o hiamoe ʻokoʻa, a i ʻole e uē mau, a i ʻole e haʻalulu. a ʻōpuʻu o ka puna mai ka piko o ka iwi poʻo Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hypersensitivity i ka hoʻopā ʻana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he systematic.
I nā hihia a pau, pono ke alakaʻi i ke kuni kiʻekiʻe koke i kahi kūkākūkā pilikia.
Le ʻo ka purpura fulminans, he pilikia nui
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kiko ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka purpura fulminans, Ka hikina he hoailona o ka umekaumaha loa maningitis bacteria. ʻO ke ʻano o ia mau kiko ma ka ʻili e alakaʻi i ka mālama wikiwiki, me ka manaʻo e hoʻokipa koke i ka haukapila. Inā ʻike ʻia kahi purpura a pili pū me nā hōʻailona o ka maningitis, e hoʻomaka koke ka lawelawe ʻana i ka lāʻau antibiotic. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka purpura ma muli o ka maningitis he a hikiwawe loa, no ka mea, he hoʻoweliweli i ka haʻalulu septic, he mea weliweli i ke ola (ke kamaʻilio pinepine nei mākou i ka maningitis uila).
No ka mea, ua pili kokoke nā hōʻailona maʻi ma waena o ka maningitis ma muli o kahi maʻi a i ʻole bacteria, ʻo ia ka nānā ʻana i ka wai cerebrospinal, lawe 'ia mai ka iwi kuamo'o i ka wā a lumbar puncture, e hiki ai ke ʻike inā he maʻi bacteria ka maʻi a i ʻole. Inā hiki i ke ʻano o ka wai i lawe ʻia ke hāʻawi i kahi manaʻo o ke ʻano o ka maningitis i nīnau ʻia (ʻoi aku ka purulent i ke alo o ka bacteria), ʻo ka ʻike kikoʻī o ka laʻana e hiki ai ke ʻike i ka germ ke kumu a no laila. e hoʻololi i ka lāʻau antibiotic e like me ia.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi bacteria: pono ka pale ʻana i ke kano
ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka maningitis bacterial e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka papa hana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, pale ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā maʻi like ʻole e hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maningitis, ʻoi aku ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Streptococcus, kekahi mau serogroups o ka bacteria ʻO Neisseria meningitidis, et ʻO Haemophilus influenzae.
Kano kano kano
ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maningococcal serogroup C pono i nā kamaliʻi i hānau ʻia mai Ianuali 1, 2018, a ua ʻōlelo ʻia no nā keiki i hānau ʻia ma mua o kēia lā e like me ka papahana aʻe:
- no na kamalii, he kano ma 5 mahina, ukali ʻia e ka nui o booster i ka 12 mahina o ka makahiki (me ka lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻokahi inā hiki), me ka ʻike e hiki ke lawelawe pū ʻia ka pānaʻi 12 mahina me ka maʻi MMR (measles-mumps-rubella);
- Mai ka makahiki 12 a hiki i ka makahiki 24, no ka poʻe i loaʻa ʻole i ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua ma mua, aia ka papahana i hoʻokahi dosis.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻano B, i kapa ʻia Bexsero, i ʻōlelo ʻia a uku hou ʻia i kekahi mau kūlana kikoʻī wale nō, i ka poʻe palupalu i ka pilikia a i ʻole kahi maʻi maʻi. ;
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau maningococcal conjugate tetravalent kūʻē i nā serogroups A, C, Y, W135, ʻōlelo pū ʻia i nā kūlana kikoʻī.
Hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi pneumococcal
ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi pneumococcal pono no nā kamaliʻi i hānau ʻia mai Ianuali 1, 2018, e like me ka papahana aʻe:
- ʻelua mau inikini ʻelua mahina ma ke kaʻawale (ʻelua a me ʻehā mahina);
- he mea hoʻoikaika i ka makahiki 11 mahina.
Ma hope o 2 mau makahiki, ʻōlelo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā keiki a me nā poʻe makua i ka pilikia me ka immunosuppression a i ʻole kahi maʻi maʻi mau e alakaʻi ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi pneumococcal (ka maʻi maʻi diabetes). Hoʻokomo ʻia i ʻelua mau injections i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia he 2 mau mahina, a ukali ʻia e kahi booster ʻehiku mahina ma hope.
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Hoʻopaʻa i ka maʻi bacteria ʻO Haemophilus influenzae ʻano B is pono no nā kamaliʻi i hānau ʻia ma ka lā 1 a ma hope paha o Ianuali 2018, a ua ʻōlelo ʻia no nā keiki i hānau ʻia ma mua o ia lā, i hui pū ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau diphtheria, tetanus a me ka polio (DTP):
- he injection i ʻelua mahina a laila i ʻehā mahina;
- kahi hoʻomanaʻo ma 11 mau mahina.
Un lāʻau lapaʻau hopu hiki ke hana a hiki i ka makahiki 5. A laila e komo i loko o ʻelua mau puʻupuʻu a me kahi mea hoʻoikaika inā aia ke keiki ma waena o 6 a me 12 mau mahina, a ʻo kahi maʻi hoʻokahi ma mua o 12 mahina a hiki i ka makahiki 5.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hiki i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hōʻemi i ka nui o nā hihia o ka maʻi maʻi bacterial i nā pēpē a me nā keiki liʻiliʻi, a me nā make i pili i kēia mau maʻi koʻikoʻi.
ʻAʻole ʻae wale ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka pale ʻana o kēlā me kēia kanaka, ua kaupalena ia i ka laha ʻana o kēia mau maʻi bacteria a no laila pale i ka poe hiki ole ke loaa ka mai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keiki hānau hou a me nā maʻi immunocompromised.
kumu:
- https://www.pasteur.fr/fr/centre-medical/fiches-maladies/meningites-meningocoques
- https://www.ameli.fr/assure/sante/themes/meningite-aigue/definition-causes-facteurs-favorisants
- https://www.associationpetitange.com/meningites-bacteriennes.html
- https://www.meningitis.ca/fr/Overview
- https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/WHO_SurveillanceVaccinePreventable_17_Pneumococcus_French_R1.pdf