ʻO ka ʻepekema kumu ka ʻepekema no ka pono o ka ʻepekema. He ʻāpana ia o ka hana noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana me ka ʻole o nā kumu kūʻai kūʻai a i ʻole nā kumu hana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka ʻepekema Fundamental kahi ʻepekema i loaʻa i kāna pahuhopu ka hana ʻana i nā manaʻo theoretical a me nā hiʻohiʻona, ʻaʻole maopopo ka hoʻohana pono ʻana (Titov VN Institutional a me nā ʻano ideological o ka hana ʻana o ka ʻepekema // Sotsiol. Issled.1999. No. 8. p.66).
Wahi a ka wehewehe mana i hāpai ʻia e ka Central Statistical Bureau o ka Russian Federation:
- ʻO ka noiʻi kumu e pili ana i ka noiʻi hoʻokolohua a me ka noiʻi noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike hou me ka ʻole o ke kumu kikoʻī e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻike. ʻO kā lākou hopena, ʻo ia nā kuhiakau, nā manaʻo, nā ʻano, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe… Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka noiʻi kumu me nā ʻōlelo paipai no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka noiʻi noiʻi e ʻike i nā manawa kūpono no ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā hopena i loaʻa, nā puke ʻepekema, etc.
Ua wehewehe ka US National Science Foundation i ka manaʻo o ka noiʻi kumu penei:
- ʻO ka noiʻi kumu kekahi ʻāpana o ka hana noiʻi i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopiha i ke kino nui o ka ʻike kuʻuna… ʻAʻohe o lākou mau pahuhopu pāʻoihana i koho mua ʻia, ʻoiai hiki ke hana ʻia ma nā wahi hoihoi a hoihoi paha i ka poʻe loea i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka hana o ka ʻepekema kumu ʻo ia ka ʻike o nā kānāwai e hoʻoponopono ana i ka ʻano a me ka launa pū ʻana o nā hale kumu o ke ʻano, ke kaiāulu a me ka noʻonoʻo. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia mau kānāwai a me nā hale i kā lākou "ʻano maʻemaʻe", e like me ia, me ka nānā ʻole i kā lākou hoʻohana.
ʻO ka ʻepekema kūlohelohe kahi laʻana o ka ʻepekema kumu. Kuhi ʻia ia i ka ʻike o ke ʻano, e like me ia i loko ona, me ka nānā ʻole i ke ʻano o ka noi e loaʻa i kāna ʻike: ka ʻimi ākea a i ʻole ka pollution kaiapuni. A ʻaʻole hahai ka ʻepekema kūlohelohe i kekahi pahuhopu ʻē aʻe. He ʻepekema kēia no ka ʻepekema; ʻike o ka honua a puni, ka ʻike ʻana i nā kānāwai kumu o ke ola a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike kumu.
ʻepekema kumu a me ka ʻepekema
Ua kapa pinepine ʻia ka ʻepekema kumu ʻepekema no ka mea e ulu nui ana ia ma nā kulanui a me nā kula ʻepekema. Academic 'epekema, e like me ka rula, he kumu 'epekema, 'epekema 'aʻole no ka pono o ka pono noi, akā, no ka pono o ka maemae 'epekema. I loko o ke ola, he pinepine ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia, akā ʻo ka "pinepine" ʻaʻole ia he "mau". ʻO ka noiʻi kumu a me ka noiʻi kula ʻelua mau mea like ʻole. E nana →