ʻO ka cervix, a i ʻole cervix (mai ka Lākina, ʻāʻī, ʻāʻī), kahi lālā ia o ka ʻōnaehana hānau wahine. Kūlike ia i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka kōpū a hoʻohui i ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka kōpū i ka ʻōpū.

Kahi. ʻO ka cervix ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa a haiki hoʻi o ka kōpū, aia ma ke pelvis, ka mua o ka pololei, a me ka hope o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻohui ia i ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka kōpū, ke kino, i ka ʻōpū.

Hoʻolālā. Me ka lōʻihi o 3 a 4 cm, ʻo ka cervix ʻelua mau ʻāpana (1):

• ʻO ka ecocervix, ʻo ia ka ʻaoʻao i waho o ka cervix a aia ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻōpū.
• ʻO ka endocervix, i kūlike i ka ʻaoʻao kūloko o ka cervix a lilo i ke kahawai endocervical. Ke hoʻomau nei kēia kahawai i ka isthmus, ke kiko o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o ka cervix a me ke kino o ka kōpū.

Aia kahi ʻāpana hele ma waena o kēia mau ʻāpana ʻelua, i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kihi e hui ai a i ʻole ke kuʻina squamocolumnar.

Ka hana ʻana i nā hua. I ka endocervix, nā kolamu kolamu, a he glandular kekahi, hana a hoʻokuʻu i ka mucus. I ka wā o ka menstrual cycle e like me ka wā hāpai, hoʻomau ka mānoanoa o kēia mucus e hana i kahi pale i ka semen a me kekahi bacteria. ʻO ka hoʻololi, i ka wā o ka ovulation, lahilahi ka mucus e ʻae i ka sperm e hala.

Pōʻai haehae. Hoʻokumu ia i ka hoʻonohonoho o nā hoʻololi o ka wahine wahine i hiki ke loaʻa i kahi hua manu momona. I ka loaʻa ʻole o ka momona, hoʻopau ʻia ka endometrium, ka uhi o ke kino uterine a hoʻoneʻe ʻia ma o ka cervix a laila ma o ka ʻōpū. Kūlike kēia hanana i nā wā menstrual.

Delivery. Hoʻonui ka cervix i ka wā hānau hānau i hiki ai i ka pēpē ke hele ma waena.

Displasia cerviida. ʻO nā Dysplasias nā liona precancerous. Hoʻomohala pinepine lākou ma ka wahi o ka huina. Ma hope iho, hoʻonui lākou i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i ka pae o ka ectocervix a me ka endocervix.

Maʻi papillomavirus kanaka. Kanaka papillomavirus (HPV) kahi maʻi lele i loaʻa i ka moekolohe i loaʻa i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hiki i kekahi ke hōʻeha i nā lehelehe benign i ka cervix. Hāʻawi nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lekiʻi precancerous, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he oncogenica a i ʻole "high risk" papillomavirus kanaka (3).

Maʻi ʻaʻai cerviery. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai cer Cerer i ka ulu ʻana o nā lehelehe precancerous i mau hunaola maʻi ʻino.

Lapaʻau ʻoki kino. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pathology a me kona holomua, hiki ke hana i kahi hana ʻoki e like me ka hemo ʻana o kahi ʻaoʻao o ka kōpū (conization).

ʻO Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hoʻomōhala hoʻomōhala. Hiki i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ke ʻano o ka chemotherapy, radiotherapy a i ʻole mālama lapaʻau ʻia.

Ninaninau kino. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻeha me kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e loiloi i nā ʻano o ka ʻeha a me nā ʻōuli pū.

Colposcopy. ʻAe kēia nānā i ka nānā ʻana i nā paia o ka cervix.4

ʻO Biopsy. Aia ia i kahi kiko kiko a hana ʻia ma lalo o ka colposcopy.

Pāpaʻi pap. Loaʻa iā ia ke lawe ʻana i nā pūnaewele mai ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka lua, ectocervix a me endocervix.

Hōʻike hōʻike HPV. Hana ʻia kēia hōʻike e kānana no ka papillomavirus kanaka.

Mai ka 2006, ua loaʻa kahi lāʻau lapaʻau no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi ma muli o ka papillomavirus kanaka. Ua hiki ke holomua i kēia olakino ma muli o ka hana o ka virologist Harald zur Hausen, Nobel Prize lanakila no ka lāʻau i 2008 (5). Ma hope o 10 mau makahiki o ka noiʻi ʻana, ua kūleʻa ʻo ia i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka papillomavirus kanaka a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.