He maʻi ʻai ʻo Ciguatera ma muli o ka ʻai ʻana i nā iʻa i haumia ʻia me kahi ʻawaʻawa i kapa ʻia ʻo "ciguatoxin". Ke hana nei kēia neurotoxin i nā ala calcium o ka ʻōnaehana nerve. Hoʻololi ia i ke kaulike o nā neurons a hoʻoulu i nā pilikia digestive a me ka naʻau. ʻO kēia ka hopena i nā hola ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana me ka ʻeha ʻōpū, i hui pū ʻia me ka nausea, ka luaʻi a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi. Hiki ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, e like me ka dizziness, paralysis a hypersalivation paha. Pono ka maʻi Ciguatera e kūkākūkā i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. He hōʻailona ka lāʻau.

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo Ciguatera mai ka inoa Cuban ʻo "cigua" o kahi mollusk Cittarium pica, i kapa ʻia ʻo Antilles troch. ʻO ka maʻi o Ciguatera, a i ʻole ka "itchy" ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻāʻī, ua ʻike ʻia mai ka makahiki XNUMXth. Ma muli o ka ʻai ʻana i nā iʻa ʻōpala nui a me nā iʻa subtropical, e like me ka barracuda, i haumia ʻia me kahi ʻawaʻawa i kapa ʻia ʻo "ciguatoxin", huna ʻia e nā microscopic algae e ulu ana i loko o nā ʻākoʻa haumia.

Nui ka maʻi Ciguatera i nā kau a pau ma nā ʻāina ākea a me nā intertropics (Oceania, Polynesia, Indian Ocean, Caribbean). Pono ka wai mehana a mālama i nā koʻa. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pōʻino ma hope o kahi ʻino.

ʻO Ciguatoxin, ke kumu o kēia maʻi, hoʻopuka ʻia e nā microscopic algae, i kapa ʻia ʻo Gambierdiscus toxicus, e ulu ana i loko o ka iwi o nā ʻākoʻa make. ʻAi ʻia kēia e nā iʻa i loko o nā ʻākoʻakoʻa haumia, a, i ka holomua ʻana o ke kaulahao meaʻai, hiki iā ia ke noʻonoʻo i nā iʻa ʻai, a ʻai ʻia e nā mea ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou. ʻO ka hope, e like me ka moray eel a i ʻole barracuda, a laila lawaiʻa ʻia e nā kānaka nāna lākou e ʻai. ʻO ka nui o ka Ciguatoxin i hoʻokahi haneli nanograms a i ʻole micrograms, lawa e hoʻoulu i nā hōʻailona i ke kanaka.

No laila, hiki ke make i ka po'e kū'ai i kēia i'a, no ka mea, he kū'ē ka 'awa'awa i ka kuke 'ana. ʻO ia ke kumu i pāpā ʻia ai kekahi mau ʻano lawaiʻa e like me ko lākou kaumaha a i ʻole e like me kā lākou wahi lawaiʻa. No ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi Ciguatera, ʻōlelo ʻia, i ka wā e noho ai ma nā wahi i loaʻa ai ka toxin, e mālama i nā ʻōlelo aʻe.

Hōʻalo i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa "ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kāu pā".

E like me:

• hui pūʻulu;
• barracuda ; 
• ka iʻa kaka;
• manō ;
• ka iʻa ʻoki kino;
• lutjan ;
• lever; 
• pāpaʻi;
• ua ʻohu ;
• loche ;
• bécune
• napoleon fish, etc.

Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻē aʻe

He mea nui e:

• mai ʻai i ke ake a i ʻole ka viscera o nā iʻa mai kēia mau ʻāina;
• ʻaʻole ʻai i ka iʻa a ke kamaʻāina e ʻai ʻole ai;
• e hōʻike mau i kāu iʻa i ke kanaka lawaiʻa ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana.

ʻO Ciguatoxin kahi neurotoxin e hana ana i nā ala calcium o ka ʻōnaehana nerve. Hoʻololi ia i ke koena o nā neurons a hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā hōʻailona he nui. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona ma waena o 1 a 4 mau hola ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 24 mau hola:

Nā hōʻailona Digestive

Hoʻomaka pinepine nā hōʻailona me nā hōʻailona digestive:

• nausea;
• ka luaʻi;
• pāhoehoe;
• abdominal eha ;
• hypersalivation a i ʻole waha maloʻo.

Nā hōʻailona cardiovascular

Hōʻike nā hōʻailona cardiovascular i ke koʻikoʻi o ka ʻona:

• brachycardia (ka puʻupuʻu lohi);
• ke kuʻekuʻe koko.

Nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe

Nā hōʻailona neurological:

• paresthesias (tingling) ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā wēlau a me ka maka, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lehelehe;
• nā manaʻo o ka numbness;
• nā ʻeha a i ʻole nā ​​haʻalulu uila i ka pili ʻana me nā mea anuanu;
• nā pilikia hoʻonohonoho a me ke kaulike;
• huikau ;
• hallucinations ;
• nā maʻiʻeha;
• nā mea nui;
• lolo, etc.

Nā hōʻailona ʻili:

• ʻeha (pruritus) ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā poho lima a me nā wāwae;
• ʻulaʻula.

Nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe:

• ʻehaʻeha a me nā ʻeha pū;
• sweatshirts;
• luhi.

Hiki i ka ma'i Ciguatera ke ko'iko'i loa a hiki i ka make ke loa'a ka lolo o ka 'i'o hanu a i 'ole ka na'au 'ole. Hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka "hypersensitivity" i nā iʻa a me nā meaʻai o ke kai.

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi Ciguatera, e hele wale ana i loko o nā lā. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, manaʻo ka hoʻokele lāʻau e hōʻemi i nā hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻoi aku ka pilikia o ka puʻuwai, ma kahi mamao loa. ʻO nā lāʻau hōʻailona penei.

E kūʻē i ka ʻili:

• nā antihistamines (Teldane, Polaramine);
• anesthetics kūloko (lidocaine gel).

No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā maʻi gastrointestinal:

• antispasmodics;
• antiemetics;
• lāʻau kūʻē.

I ka hopena o nā maʻi cardiovascular, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻokipa i ka mea maʻi i waiho ʻia ma lalo o:

• corticosteroids e pale i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka haʻalulu;
• atropine sulphate i nā bradycardia i ʻae ʻole ʻia;
• analeptics naʻau i ka hypotension.

I ka hihia o nā maʻi neurological: 

• ka lāʻau lapaʻau B (B1, B6 a me B12);
• amitriptyline (Laroxyl, Elavil);
• ʻO Tiapridal i hui pū me ka dexamethasone;
• salicylic acid pili me colchicine.

ʻOiai ʻo ke kaumaha o ka hanu kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka make ʻana mai ka maʻi Ciguatera, ʻo ke kōkua ventilatory kekahi ʻāpana o ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano koʻikoʻi me ka maʻi maʻi hanu.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, pono e hōʻalo ka poʻe maʻi i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa i nā lā ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi i ʻole e hoʻonui hou i kā lākou ciguatoxin. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea inu ʻona, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui i nā hōʻailona.