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ʻO kahi pathology congenital o ka lehelehe, kahi e ulu ʻole ai nā ʻiʻo palupalu, i kapa ʻia ʻo "cleft lip". Hāʻawi ʻia kēia inoa no ka hares ʻo ka lehelehe luna he ʻelua hapa ʻaʻole i hui pū ʻia.
ʻO keʻano o ka hemahema e like me keʻano o ka "cleft palate". Akā i ka hihia o ka mea hope, ʻaʻole i hui wale nā mea palupalu, akā ʻo nā iwi o ka palate. I ka hapalua o nā hihia, ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia ka ʻili o ka maka, a ʻaʻohe hemahema hoʻonaninani. I kēia hihia, he "waha wolf" wale nō.
Ua kapa ʻia ka ʻāʻī a me nā lehelehe he cheiloschisis. Loaʻa kēia pathology congenital i loko o ka ʻōpū, maʻamau i ka trimester mua o ka hāpai ʻana. Ma lalo o ka mana o nā mea ʻino, hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka lehelehe, palate a me ke kaʻina alveolar.
Hiki i nā keiki me ka lehelehe māwae ke loaʻa ʻaʻole wale nā hemahema o waho, akā he deformation koʻikoʻi hoʻi o nā iwi iwi poʻo. Ma muli o kēia, aia nā pilikia me ka meaʻai, ka ʻōlelo. Akā ʻo ka pathology ke kumu o nā pilikia kino wale nō - ʻo ka noʻonoʻo a me ka psyche o ia mau pēpē i ke ʻano kūpono.
ʻO ka lehelehe māwae me ka ʻāʻī ʻole he ʻano maʻi maʻalahi, no ka mea, ʻo nā ʻiʻo palupalu wale nō ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia a ʻaʻole deformed nā iwi.
He aha ka lehelehe māwae
ʻIke ʻia ka palate a me nā lehelehe i loko o ka pēpē i nā mahina mua o ka ulu ʻana. ʻO ia ka hana ʻana o ka iwi ā a me ka maka. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ma ka pule 11, ulu pū nā iwi o ka palale i loko o ka pēpē, a laila hana ʻia ka palale palupalu. I ka mahina 2 a 3, ua hoʻokumu pū ʻia ka lehelehe luna, i ka wā e hui pū ai nā kaʻina o ka ʻāʻī luna a me ke kaʻina ihu waena.
ʻO nā mahina mua o ka hāpai ʻana he mea nui loa ia no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke anatomy kūpono o ke keiki. Inā i loko o kēia manawa nā kumu maikaʻi ʻole o waho e hoʻopili ai i ka embryo, hiki mai ka hemahema o ka hana ʻana o nā iwi a me nā ʻiʻo palupalu, a hiki mai ka lehelehe māwae. ʻO nā kumu genetic kekahi kuleana.
Nā kumu o ka lehelehe maʻa i nā keiki
Hoʻoulu ka lehelehe ma lalo o ka mana o nā kumu "loko" a me "waho". ʻO kahi kumu hoʻoilina, haʻahaʻa o nā cell germ, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻomohala mua ʻana o ka ʻōpū.
ʻAʻole i emi iki nā maʻi weliweli i loaʻa i ka wahine i ka wā hāpai mua.
ʻO nā kemika, radiation, ka ʻai ʻana o ka makuahine i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ka waiʻona a i ʻole ka puhi paka e hoʻopōʻino i ka ulu ʻana o intrauterine. ʻO ka meaʻai maikaʻi ʻole, beriberi, ke anuanu a me ka wela, ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ka hypoxia fetal e pili pū i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka pēpē.
Ke aʻo ʻia nei nā kumu o ka pathology. ʻO nā mea nui i helu ʻia ma luna nei, akā i nā hihia liʻiliʻi, ulu ka lehelehe ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Ma hope o nāʻeha, nā maʻi, ka weheʻana i nā maʻi koko, hiki ke hōʻinoʻia ka palale a me nā lehelehe.
Nā hōʻailona o ka lehelehe māwae i nā keiki
ʻIke mau ʻia ka lehelehe māwae o kahi pēpē ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, ma ke ʻano ultrasound ma hope o 12 pule o ka hāpai ʻana. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻoiai me kēia ʻike mua ʻana, ʻaʻohe mea hiki ke hana ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hōʻike ka pēpē i nā lehelehe deformed, ka ihu, a me ka ʻāʻī paha. ʻO ke ʻano a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pathology he ʻokoʻa ka paʻakikī - hiki i nā crevices ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. Akā ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka ʻāʻī unilateral cleft palate a me nā lehelehe.
ʻO kahi pēpē me ia ʻano kīnā e lawe maikaʻi ʻole i ka umauma, ʻoki pinepine, a hanu pāpaʻu. He maʻi maʻi o ka nasopharynx a me ka pepeiao ma muli o ka reflux pinepine o ka meaʻai ma o ka māwae ma kēia wahi.
Ka lapaʻau ʻana i ka lehelehe māwae i nā keiki
He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana ʻaʻole pinepine ka lehelehe maʻa i kahi pilikia hoʻonaninani. Pono e mālama ʻia ʻo ia, a i kona wā ʻōpiopio. A i ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki i ke keiki ke omo, ʻai pololei i ka meaʻai, i kekahi manawa pono e hānai ʻia ma ka paipu.
Me ka mālama ʻole ʻana i ka hemahema, hana hewa ʻia ka nahu, hoʻopilikia ʻia ka ʻōlelo. ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana o ka palale e hoʻopilikia i ka leo o ka leo, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo maikaʻi nā keiki i nā leo a ʻōlelo "ma ka ihu". ʻO kahi māwae wale nō ma nā ʻiʻo palupalu e hoʻopilikia i ka hana ʻana o ka ʻōlelo. ʻO ka ʻeha pinepine ʻana o ka ihu a me nā pepeiao ma muli o ka reflux o ka meaʻai e alakaʻi ai i ka nalowale o ka lohe.
Ma hope o ka hanaʻana i ka hōʻailona, ua hoʻoholoʻia ka hoʻoholoʻana i kahi hanaʻokiʻoki -ʻaʻohe ala'ē aʻe e kōkua ai i ke keiki. ʻO ka makahiki e hana ʻia ai ka pēpē e hoʻoholo ʻia e ke kauka. Inā pilikia loa ka hemahema, hiki ke hana mua i ka malama mua o ke ola. Hoʻopanee ʻia a hiki i 5 - 6 mahina.
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana he mau ʻanuʻu, no laila ʻaʻole e holo ka hana hoʻokahi. ʻOiai ma mua o ka piha ʻana o nā makahiki 3, pono e hele ka pēpē i 2 a 6 mau hana. Akā ʻo ka hopena, ʻo kahi ʻili liʻiliʻi wale nō e ʻike ʻia a hiki paha i kahi asymmetry liʻiliʻi o nā lehelehe e mau. Aia nā pilikia ʻē aʻe ma hope.
lapaʻau '
Hana ʻia ka ʻike mua o ka lehelehe māwae i loko o ka ʻōpū me ka ultrasound. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ia keiki, nānā ke kauka i ka paʻakikī o ka pathology. Hoʻoholo ia i ka nui o ke kīnā e pale ai i ka pēpē mai ka ʻai ʻana, inā he mau maʻi hanu.
Hoʻohana lākou i ke kōkua o nā mea lapaʻau ʻē aʻe: he otolaryngologist, he dentist, he loea maʻi infectious. Eia hou, ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā hōʻike koko maʻamau a me ka mimi, biochemistry koko, x-ray o ka ʻāina maxillofacial. Nānā ʻia ka pane ʻana o ka pēpē i nā kani a me nā ʻala - ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka loiloi ʻana i ka lohe a me ka honi, nā hiʻohiʻona maka.
Nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou
No ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hemahema o ka lehelehe maʻa, hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻoki plastik. E komo nā kauka o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole i ka mālama ʻana i nā pae he nui. Ma mua o ka ʻoki ʻana, hoʻokomo pinepine ke keiki i kahi obturator - kahi mea hana i mea pale ma waena o nā lua ihu a me ka waha. Mālama kēia i ka reflux o ka meaʻai, kōkua i ka hanu a kamaʻilio maʻamau.
Me kahi kīnā liʻiliʻi, hoʻohana ʻia ka cheiloplasty kaʻawale - ua humuhumu ʻia ka ʻili, ka fiber, ka ʻiʻo a me nā ʻāpana mucous o nā lehelehe. Inā pili ka ihu, hana ʻia ka rhinocheiloplasty, hoʻoponopono i nā cartilages o ka ihu. Hoʻokumu ʻo Rhinognatocheiloplasty i ka ʻiʻo o ka waha.
Hoʻopau ʻia ka wehe ʻana o ka palate e ka uranoplasty. ʻAʻole e like me nā hana ma mua, hana ʻia i ka lohi - ma 3 a i ʻole 5 mau makahiki. Hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi ā.
Pono nā ʻokiʻoki hou e wehe i nā ʻōpala, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻōlelo a me ka nani.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, pono ke keiki i ke kōkua o ka mea hoʻoponopono haʻiʻōlelo, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ia mau keiki e haʻi pololei i nā kani ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomaopopo ka otolaryngologist ʻaʻole pili ka lohe ʻana o ka pēpē, a piha ka hanu. Inā ʻaʻole ulu maikaʻi nā niho, hoʻokomo ka orthodontist i nā pale.
ʻO ka pōloli mau o ka oxygen ma muli o ka hanu pāpaʻu, ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaumaha a me nā maʻi maʻi pinepine hiki ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi maʻi, ka ulu ʻana.
ʻO ke kōkua o kahi psychologist e like me ka mea nui, no ka mea, ma muli o ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona, ʻike nā keiki me ka lehelehe cleft i nā pilikia i ka hoʻololi ʻana. ʻOiai ʻo ka noʻonoʻo o ia mau keiki i ka hoʻonohonoho kūpono, hiki iā lākou ke lohi i hope i ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Ma muli o nā pilikia noʻonoʻo, makemake ʻole e aʻo ma muli o ka hoʻoweliweli a nā hoa, aia nā pilikia i ke aʻo ʻana. ʻO ka paʻakikī i ka haʻi ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ke ola hoʻokō. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pae āpau o ka mālama ʻana ma mua o ka makahiki kula.
Ka pale ʻana i ka lehelehe maʻa i nā keiki ma ka home
He paʻakikī loa ka pale ʻana i kēlā pilikia. Inā ʻike ʻia kēlā ʻano pathology i loko o ka ʻohana, hiki iā ʻoe ke nīnau i kahi geneticist e ʻike i ka hiki ke loaʻa i kahi pēpē me ka lehelehe maʻa.
He mea nui e mālama pono iā ʻoe iho i nā pule mua o ka hāpai ʻana - pale i nā maʻi, nā ʻeha, ʻai maikaʻi. Ma ke ʻano he pale, lawe nā wahine hāpai i ka waikawa folic.
Pono e ʻike i ka pilikia i ka wā hiki loa, ʻoiai ma ka ʻōpū. No ka mea hiki i ka ʻāʻī a me ka lehelehe ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia hou i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana, pono e makaʻala ke kauka. I ka wā hānau keiki, piʻi aʻe ka pilikia o ke komo ʻana o ka wai amniotic i loko o ka ʻōpū hanu o ka pēpē.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o kahi keiki me ka lehelehe cleft, pono ia e hana i kahi hōʻailona piha, e kūkākūkā me nā loea a loiloi i ka paʻakikī o ka pathology. Inā koi nā kauka i ka hana mua, pono maoli ka pēpē.
ʻO nā mahina mua a me nā makahiki o ke ola o ia keiki e paʻakikī, paʻakikī ka hānai ʻana a pono nā mākua e mākaukau no kēia. Mai poina ma hope o nā kau a pau o ka mālama ʻana, e ola maikaʻi loa ke keiki a waiho ʻia ka pilikia.
Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana
ʻO ka pediatrician ke kauka nui no ke keiki me ka lehelehe maʻa - kuhikuhi ʻo ia i nā hoʻokolohua hou, pili i nā loea liʻiliʻi. E aʻo hou e pili ana i kēia pathology keiki keiki ʻo Daria Schukina.