Manaʻo nā mea hana holoholona e hoʻihoʻi i nā kohola pepehi kanaka i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, a hoʻohana i ka loko wai no ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni mua o ka honua ma lalo o ka wai a me kahi kahua hoʻomaʻamaʻa no nā mea luʻu manuahi.
ʻO ka moʻolelo o nā kohola pepehi kanaka, i hūnā ʻia i loko o nā pahu kokoke i ka Moscow Oceanarium e kūkulu ʻia ana no hoʻokahi makahiki, piha i nā lono a me nā manaʻo kūʻē. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā hui mālama holoholona a me nā loea kūʻokoʻa i loko o kēia mau wahi e alakaʻi i nā hopena kaumaha. 'Ōlelo ke alakaʻi o VDNKh ua kūpono nā mea a pau me nā kohola pepehi kanaka a ua hanaʻia nā kūlana kūpono no lākou. Akā hiki ke hana ma waho o ka moana? He holoholona nui ʻelima a he ʻumi mika paha, e ʻauʻau ana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe ma mua o 150 km i ka lā, hiki ke noho pio? A no ke aha ke ʻano o ke ao holoʻokoʻa i ka pani ʻana i nā paka leʻaleʻa moana?
Akā ʻo ka mea mua.
ʻO ka hihia o nā kohola pepehi kanaka "Moscow": chronology
ʻO ka lā 2 o Kekemapa i hoʻokahi makahiki mai ka loaʻa ʻana o nā koholā pepehi ʻelua i hopu ʻia ma ka Hikina Hikina no ka Moscow Oceanarium e kūkulu ʻia ana i loko o nā hale cylindrical ʻelua i uhi ʻia me kahi hangar inflatable ma luna. Hāʻawi ʻia nā holoholona ma kahi mokulele kūikawā 10-hola mai Vladivostok a hiki i Moscow me kahi hoʻomaha ma Krasnoyarsk, a ʻo kēia mau mea a pau i kahi huna koʻikoʻi. Wahi a nā nūhou, ua lawe ʻia ke kolu o nā holoholona i Moscow mai Sochi i hoʻokahi pule i hala.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka lohe ʻia ʻana o nā leo ʻē mai ka hangar o VDNKh ka mea mua i ʻōlelo ʻia e nā kamaʻāina a me nā malihini kipa i ka hōʻike. Ua hoʻomaka ke kumuhana e kūkākūkā ʻia ma nā ʻoihana pūnaewele, hoʻopiʻi i nā hui mālama holoholona i ua. Ma ka lā 19 o Pepeluali, ua loaʻa i ke alakaʻi o ka All-Russian Exhibition Center (ua kapa hou ʻia ka hōʻikeʻike ma VDNKh ma hope iki) i kahi noi mai kahi mea kākau moʻolelo e noi ana iā ia e wehewehe i ka mea a nā limahana hōʻike e hūnā ai i nā pahu. Ma Pepeluali 27, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi pane e lawelawe ana nā pahu i ke kumu o ka lako wai o ka All-Russian Exhibition Center.
Ua hala kekahi mau mahina, ua ulu wale nā lono a me nā manaʻo (e like me ka mea ma hope, ʻaʻole kumu kumu ʻole). Ma ka lā 10 o Kepakemapa, ʻōlelo ʻo Marat Khusnullin, ka hope mayor o ke kapikala no ka kulekele a me ke kūkulu ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale, ua kūʻai ʻia nā koholā no ka moana e kūkulu ʻia nei, akā aia lākou ma ka Hikina mamao.
Ma hope mai, ua loaʻa i ka Vita Animal Rights Protection Center ka ʻike ma nā pūnaewele o nā nūpepa mokuʻāina o ka Teritori o Krasnoyarsk i lawe ʻia nā koholā pepehi kanaka e ka mokulele IL i ke kapikala i Dekemaba 2013 a hāʻawi maikaʻi ʻia iā VDNKh. ʻO nā mea hana pono holoholona a me kahi mea kākau moʻolelo i huli i ka All-Russian Exhibition Center me kahi noi i kākau i kahi ʻōlelo i nā mākaʻi, a he 10 mau lā ma hope mai ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi pane e hōʻoia ana i ko lākou pololei. I ka manawa like, ua hōʻole ʻia ka hihia karaima e pili ana i ka hana ʻino i nā holoholona "Vita", no ka mea, ʻo nā mea nona nā kohola pepehi kanaka i kā lākou hōʻike ʻana ua hana ʻia nā kūlana kūpono a pau no ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona. ʻAʻole i hāʻawi ʻia nā hopena o nā loiloi a me nā hopena o nā veterinarians a me nā loea, ʻaʻole e haʻi i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā hale hana.
Ma ʻOkakopa 23, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻo Vita i kahi hoʻolaha paʻi kūhelu i hoʻokumu ʻia i kahi hōʻino maoli. Ua hoʻouka maoli ka poʻe nūpepa i ka hangar, e ho'āʻo ana e wehe i nā pio, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokuʻu nā kiaʻi i kekahi i loko, e hoʻomau ana i ka hoʻowahāwahā ʻana i ka mea maopopo.
Ua noi nā Lunamaka'āinana o nā hui aupuni ʻelua, i hele pū ʻia me ʻewalu mau kaila media, i nā manaʻo mai ka hoʻokele ʻana o VDNKh. I ka pane ʻana, ua hōʻole ʻia ka ʻelele lehulehu i ke komo ʻana i nā koholā pepehi kanaka. I ke ahiahi o ia lā hoʻokahi, ua hoʻouna ka lawelawe paʻi VDNKh i nā wikiō a me nā kiʻi i ka media, i ʻōlelo ʻia e hōʻike ana i ke kūlana kūpono o nā holoholona:
"Ua kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi me kahi kāmela ākea ākea, kahi e hiki ai ke hana i kahi mokulele mai kahi makika, a hōʻike ʻia nā holoholona ma kahi kokoke i ka pale," wahi a Irina Novozhilova, ka pelekikena o ka Vita Animal Welfare Center. - Penei ke kiʻi ʻana i nā kiʻi no nā puke kuke inā pono ʻoe e hōʻike i ke kai. Lawe ʻia kahi kīʻaha, aia ka hale kanu ma hope, lawe ʻia ka ʻili o ka wai ma kahi kihi i hoʻoponopono pono ʻia. I kekahi lā aʻe, ua puka mai nā moʻolelo nui ma ka hapa nui o nā pāpaho, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka moana. Me he mea lā ua poina i kekahi poʻe kākau ʻōlelo ʻaʻohe mea i ʻae ʻia i loko, a ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia nā hopena o nā hoʻokolokolo kūpono.
Ua hala kekahi mahina ʻelua a ʻaʻole i loli ke kūlana. Akā ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻopiʻi iā Vita LLC Sochi Dolphinarium (ke kūkulu ʻia nei kāna lālā ma ke kapikala - ed.). Ua ʻōlelo ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana ua hōʻino ka hui i ka hanohano a me ka hanohano o nā ʻelele o ka moana. ʻAʻole e hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻokolokolo ma Moscow, akā ma Anapa (ma kahi o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o ka mea hoʻopiʻi), no ka mea, ua nānā kekahi blogger mai Anapa i kahi ninaninau me Vita ma kekahi o nā kahawai a hoʻomaka i kēia wikiō me kāna ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka hopena kaumaha. o na kohola pepehi kanaka.
"I kēia manawa paʻakikī ka pilikia, a hiki i ka pani ʻana o ka hui," wahi a Irina Novozhilova. "Ua loaʻa iā mākou nā mea hoʻoweliweli, ua hacked kā mākou pahu leka uila, a ua lilo nā leka kūloko. Ma ke kumu o ka ʻike i loaʻa ʻole i ke kānāwai, ua paʻi ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi mau ʻatikala "discrediting". Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke kau ʻia nei kahi kumu hoʻoweliweli. Inā noho mālie ka poʻe loea mammal moana, a ʻaʻole hoʻāʻo ka poʻe nūpepa e loiloi i ke kūlana, ʻaʻole wale i ke kūlana kūhelu o nā mea kuleana, akā ʻo ka ʻike honua i kēia mea, e hoʻohui kēia moʻolelo i ka hewa a me ka hana ʻino.
Hōʻike nā hanana i hōʻike ʻia ua komo mākou, nā mea hoʻolale holoholona Lūkini, i kēlā ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana i nā pono holoholona i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai mākou. Ke lawe nei kā mākou neʻe ʻana i ka ʻoihana leʻaleʻa holoholona. A i kēia manawa pono mākou e hele ma ke kahua o nā ʻaha hoʻokolokolo.
Hele pupule nā koholā pepehi kanaka i ka noho pio ʻana
ʻO nā ʻano ʻano a pau a ke kanaka e hoʻāʻo ai e mālama i ke pio ʻana, ʻo nā cetaceans ka mea e hoʻomanawanui ai. ʻO ka mea mua, ma muli o ka pilikanaka a me nā holoholona i hoʻomohala ʻia e pono ai ke kamaʻilio mau a me ka meaʻai no ka noʻonoʻo.
ʻO ka lua, ua ʻike lōʻihi ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā cetaceans i ka echolocation e hoʻokele i ka lewa a ʻimi i ka meaʻai. No ke aʻo ʻana i ke kūlana, hoʻouna nā holoholona i nā hōʻailona i ʻike ʻia mai kahi ʻili paʻa. Inā ʻo ia nā pā pōhaku i hoʻoikaika ʻia o ka loko wai, a laila he kaula ia o nā leo pau ʻole, nā manaʻo noʻonoʻo ʻole.
— Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i ka hoʻolilo ʻana o nā iʻa i ko lākou manawa ma ka dolphinarium ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana a me nā hana? – ʻŌlelo ʻo ia luna papahana o ka Center for the Protection of Animal Rights "Vita" Konstantin Sabinin. — Hoʻokuʻu lākou ma kahi me ko lākou ihu e kū ana i ka paia a ʻaʻole kani ka leo no ka mea aia lākou i loko o ke kūlana koʻikoʻi mau. E noʻonoʻo ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka paʻipaʻi ʻana o ka lehulehu no nā iʻa a me nā kohola pepehi kanaka? ʻO nā Cetaceans i hana pio no nā makahiki he nui e pupule a lilo paha i kuli.
ʻO ke kolu, ʻo ka ʻenehana ponoʻī o ka hana ʻana i ka wai kai he mea pōʻino i nā holoholona. Ma ka maʻamau, hoʻohui ʻia ka sodium hypochlorite i ka wai maʻamau a hoʻohana ʻia kahi electrolyzer. Ke hui pū ʻia me ka wai, hana ka hypochlorite i ka waikawa hypochlorous, ke hui pū ʻia me ka lepo holoholona, hana ia i nā pūhui organochlorine ʻona, e alakaʻi ana i nā hoʻololi. Hoʻopau lākou i ka mucous membrane o nā holoholona, hoʻonāukiuki i ka dysbacteriosis. Hoʻomaka e mālama ʻia nā Dolphins a me nā kohola pepehi kanaka me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e hāʻawi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻōla i ka microflora. Akā, ma muli o kēia, hāʻule ke ake i ka pōʻino. Hoʻokahi ka hopena - ʻaʻohe liʻiliʻi o ke ola.
- ʻo ka make ʻana o nā kohola pepehi kanaka i nā dolphinariums he ʻelua a me ka hapalua manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā hōʻailona kūlohelohe, - nā lālā o ka hui hoʻolālā no ka hōʻike ʻana ma Rusia koi. kiʻiʻoniʻoni “Blackfish”*. – Kakaʻikahi lākou e ola a hiki i 30 makahiki (ʻo ka awelika o ke ola o ka nahelehele he 40-50 makahiki no nā kāne a me 60-80 mau makahiki no nā wahine). ʻO ka makahiki kiʻekiʻe loa i ʻike ʻia o ke koholā pepehi kanaka ma kahi o 100 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa, ʻo ia ka mea i loko o ke pio killer whale e hōʻike maʻalahi i ka hopena ʻino i ke kanaka. ʻoi aku ma mua o 120 mau hihia o ka hana hoʻomāinoino o nā kohola pepehi kanaka i ke pio ʻana i ke kanaka, me 4 mau hihia make, a me kekahi mau hoʻouka kaua i alakaʻi ʻole i ka make o ke kanaka. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻaʻohe hihia hoʻokahi o ke koholā pepehi kanaka i pepehi i ke kanaka.
Wahi a VDNKh, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai o nā loko i noho ai nā holoholona ma mua o 8 cubic mika, ʻelua mau loko i hui pū ʻia me ke anawaena o 000 mika a me ka hohonu o 25 mau mika, ʻo ka nui o nā koholā pepehi iā lākou iho he 8 mika. a me 4,5 mika.
"Akā ʻaʻole lākou i hāʻawi i nā hōʻike o kēia ʻike," wahi a Irina Novozhilova. - Ma ka wikiō i hoʻouna ʻia, ʻauʻau nā koholā pepehi i hoʻokahi wale nō o nā kaʻa. Wahi a ka ʻike tacit, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hōʻoia, mālama ʻia nā holoholona moana ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻāina o VDNKh. Inā ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia, a laila ʻaʻohe ala e hiki ai i nā koholā pepehi ke komo i loko o nā pahu ʻelua, no ka mea, he poʻe carnivores lākou. Ua hōʻoia ʻia kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo e ka poʻe akamai, ma ke aʻo ʻana i ka quota no ka hopu ʻana: ua hopu ʻia kēia mau kohola pepehi kanaka ma nā wahi e noho ai ka poʻe carnivores. ʻO ia hoʻi, inā hoʻokomo ʻoe i kēia mau kohola pepehi kanaka me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, e ʻai wale nā koholā iā lākou.
ʻO ka poʻe loea Mormlek, ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i ke wikiō, hana i ka hopena kaumaha i ka manaʻo o nā holoholona, ua hoʻemi ʻia ko lākou ola. Hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia nā ʻili - i loko o kahi holoholona olakino e kū pololei ana. Hoʻololi ʻia ke kala o ka epidermis: ma kahi o ke kala keʻokeʻo hau, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻula hina.
— ʻO nā pā leʻaleʻa me nā holoholona moana kahi ʻoihana ma ke koko. "Make nā holoholona i ka hopu ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, i loko o nā loko ponoʻī," wahi a Irina Novozhilova. "ʻO kēlā me kēia barela, ʻeleʻele a gula paha, he barela nō. ʻAʻole hiki ke hana i nā kūlana maʻamau no nā kohola pepehi kanaka, ʻoiai inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi oceanarium ma ka moana: ʻo ka hoʻopaʻahao ʻana i ka pio e hoʻokomo i ka holoholona i loko o kahi kūlana kaumaha a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā.
60 mau dolphinarium i pani ʻia /
I kēia lā, aia ma kahi o 52 orca i pio i ka honua. I ka manawa like, aia ke ʻano maopopo i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā moana a me nā dolphinariums. Ua lilo kēia hana i mea lanakila kālā. Loaʻa nā poho o nā moana nui loa, me ka nui o nā hoʻopiʻi. ʻO nā helu helu hope loa penei: 60 dolphinariums a me nā moana moana i ka honua i pani ʻia, a he 14 o lākou i hōʻemi i kā lākou mau hana ma ke kahua kūkulu.
He paionia ʻo Costa Rica ma kēia ala: ʻo ia ka mea mua ma ka honua i pāpā i nā dolphinariums a me nā zoos. Ma ʻEnelani a i ʻole Holland, ua pani ʻia nā aquarium no kekahi mau makahiki i mea e emi ai ke kumukūʻai. Ma UK, noho mālie nā holoholona i ko lākou ola: ʻaʻole lākou e kiola ʻia, ʻaʻole euthanized, akā ʻaʻole i kūkulu ʻia nā paka leʻaleʻa hou, no ka mea, ua pāpā ʻia ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mammals moana ma aneʻi. ʻO nā aquarium i waiho ʻole ʻia me nā holoholona ʻaʻole i pani ʻia a hoʻohana hou ʻia e hōʻike i nā iʻa a me nā invertebrates.
Ma Kanada, ʻaʻohe kānāwai e hopu a hoʻohana i ka beluga. Ma Brazil, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mammals moana no ka leʻaleʻa. Ua pāpā ʻo ʻIseraʻela i ka lawe ʻana mai i nā iʻa no ka leʻaleʻa. Ma Amerika Huipuia, ma ka mokuaina o Karolina Hema, ua kapu loa ia na dolphinarium; ma nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe, ke puka mai nei ke ʻano like.
Ma Nicaragua, Croatia, Chile, Bolivia, Hungary, Slovenia, Switzerland, Cyprus, ua pāpā ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā cetaceans i ke pio. Ma Helene, ua kapu ʻia nā hōʻike ʻana me nā mammals moana, a ʻike maʻamau ka poʻe India i nā dolphins ma ke ʻano he kanaka!
Pono e hoʻomaopopo pono ʻia ʻo ka mea wale nō e hiki ai i kēia ʻoihana leʻaleʻa ke hoʻomau i ka lana ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoihoi o nā poʻe maʻamau i ʻike ʻole a ʻike ʻole, akā ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo nui i ka mea lawe o ka make a me ka ʻeha e pili ana i kēia ʻoihana.
HE WAIWAI NO KA INOI
Pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka pūnaewele o Moscow Oceanarium?
"Ke manaʻo nei mākou e wehe i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni mua o ka honua ma Moscow," wahi a lākou ma Vita. - I ka lā, hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka luʻu manuahi ma ʻaneʻi, a me nā hana ma lalo o ke kai i nā ahiahi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻouka i nā pale plasma 3D - e mahalo ka poʻe hoʻolohe!
ʻAʻole palekana ke aʻo ʻana i ka luʻu ʻana i ka hohonu me ka ʻole o nā lako scuba i ka nahele. I loko o ka loko, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a ke kumu aʻo, he mea ʻokoʻa loa ia. ʻAʻole lawa ka hohonu no nā mea luʻu manuahi ma ka honua e aʻo pono. Eia kekahi, ʻo ia ke ʻano o kēia manawa, a e hoʻihoʻi koke nā mea nona ka oceanarium i nā koina āpau. Ma hope o ka poʻe, ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā loko wai nui o nā faeces me ka bleach, a ʻaʻole pono nā kānaka e kūʻai a hāʻawi i 100 kg o ka iʻa i kēlā me kēia lā.
Loaʻa kahi manawa no nā kohola pepehi kanaka "Moscow" e ola ma hope o ke pio ʻana?
ʻO ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka hōʻike Lūkini o ka Antarctic Alliance, ka mea olaola Grigory Tsidulko:
— ʻAe, e ola nā koholā pepehi kanaka me ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana. Pololei loa. Aia nā hui a me nā loea e hiki ke kōkua i nā holoholona - ʻaʻole me ke kōkua ʻole o nā mea hana pono holoholona, ʻoiaʻiʻo.
Luna Hoʻokele o ka Vita Animal Rights Protection Center Konstantin Sabinin:
Aia nā ʻano like ʻole. Ma hope o ka manawa hoʻoponopono i ka moana kai, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā holoholona i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Aia ia mau kikowaena hoʻoponopono, ua kamaʻilio mākou me kā lākou poʻe loea i ka wā o ka hālāwai kūkā e pili ana i nā mammals moana. Loaʻa nā loea o kēia ʻaoʻao.
ʻAʻohe kānāwai e hoʻomalu i ka hopu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona moana
ʻO ke poʻo o ka pūʻulu hana ma ke kohola pepehi kanaka, lālā o ka Papa o ka ʻAha no nā Mammals Marine, Ph.D. Olga Filatova:
"ʻO Narnia ke koholā pepehi kanaka a me kāna" hoa pili "ʻo ia wale nō ka piko o ka hau hau. Ua hopu ʻia lākou ma ke Kai o Okhotsk ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka ʻoihana kānāwai o ka hopu ʻana a me ke kālepa ʻana i nā mammals moana. ʻO ka quota makahiki no ka hopu ʻana i nā koholā pepehi kanaka he 10 kanaka. Ua kūʻai ʻia ka hapa nui o nā holoholona i Kina, ʻoiai ua lawe ʻia ka hopu ʻana no ka "hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka moʻomeheu a me ka hoʻonaʻauao." ʻO nā mea nona Dolphinarium a puni ka honua - a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ʻo Rūsia - e hōʻoia i kā lākou mau hana me ka waiwai moʻomeheu a me ka waiwai hoʻonaʻauao, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he mau ʻoihana kūʻai wale nō lākou, ʻo ka papahana e kālele ana i ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā ʻono unpretentious o ka lehulehu.
ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike pono i ka nui o nā kohola pepehi kanaka ma ke Kai o Okhotsk. Kuhi ʻia e nā loea like ʻole mai 300 a 10000 mau kānaka. Eia kekahi, ʻelua mau heluna kanaka like ʻole o nā kohola pepehi kanaka e ʻai ana i nā mea pio ʻokoʻa a ʻaʻole hui pū.
Ma ka wai o nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril a ma ke kikowaena o ke Kai o Okhotsk, ʻike nui ʻia nā kohola pepehi kanaka ʻai iʻa. Ma nā wahi kahakai pāpaʻu o ke komohana, ka ʻākau a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ke Kai o Okhotsk, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā carnivores (ʻai lākou i nā sila a me nā holoholona moana ʻē aʻe). ʻO lākou ka mea i hopu ʻia no ke kūʻai aku, a ʻo nā koholā pepehi mai VDNKh no kēia heluna kanaka. I ke pio ʻana, hānai ʻia lākou i "12 ʻano iʻa", ʻoiai ma ke ʻano maoli lākou i ʻimi ai i nā sila.
Ma ke kānāwai, ʻokoʻa nā heluna kanaka i nā ʻokoʻa "palena", a pono e helu kaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana no lākou, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole i hana ʻia kēia.
He ʻuʻuku ka nui o nā koholā pepehi kanaka - ʻoiai, aia lākou ma ka piko o ka ʻai. ʻO kēlā hopu ikaika, e like me kēia manawa, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka heluna kanaka i loko o kekahi mau makahiki. He nūhou maikaʻi kēia ʻaʻole wale no ka poʻe aloha koholā pepehi kanaka, akā no ka poʻe lawaiʻa kūloko hoʻi - ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ia nā koholā pepehi kanaka e hoʻoponopono i ka helu o nā sila, e ʻaihue pinepine ai i nā iʻa mai ka ʻupena.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ka mana o ka hopu ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa pono ʻana e nā poʻe loea ʻike, he trauma noʻonoʻo maikaʻi loa ia no kēia mau holoholona akamai a pilikanaka, i haehae ʻia mai ko lākou ʻohana a waiho ʻia i kahi ʻāina ʻē, weliweli. I kā mākou hihia, ʻoi aku ka hewa o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻohe mea nānā kūʻokoʻa i ka hopu ʻana, a inā make kekahi mau holoholona, ua hūnā ʻia.
Wahi a nā ʻikepili kūhelu, ʻaʻohe kohola pepehi kanaka i make i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻoiai ua ʻike mākou mai nā kumu kūhelu ʻole ke hana mau nei kēia. ʻO ka nele o ka mana e paipai i ka hana ʻino ma nā pae like ʻole. Wahi a ka ʻike a ka SMM mai nā kamaʻāina kūloko, i Iulai o kēia makahiki, ʻekolu mau koholā pepehi kanaka i hopu ʻia ma ke kānāwai ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o nā palapala ʻae a kūʻai ʻia aku iā Kina e like me nā palapala 2013.
Ma Rūsia, ʻaʻohe kānāwai a i ʻole nā kānāwai e pili ana i ka lawe pio ʻana o nā mammals moana.
9 KUE KUE
He hui hoʻomaka o nā mea olaola e hoʻonohonoho ana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Blackfish" * (Black Fin) e kūʻē i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka Sochi Dolphinarium.
BF: Ke ulu nei ka hana nana kohola ma ka nahelehele. Ma ka ʻāpana ʻākau a me ʻEulopa, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā huakaʻi waʻa kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke nānā i nā holoholona i nā kūlana kūlohelohe:
,
,
a maanei hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻauʻau pū me lākou.
Ma Rusia, hiki ke nana i na kohola pepehi kanaka ma Kamchatka, ka Mokupuni Kuril a me Commander, ma ka Hikina Hikina (no ka la'ana,). Hiki iā ʻoe ke hele mai i Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky a lele i luna o kekahi o nā moku mākaʻikaʻi ma Avacha Bay (e laʻa,).
Eia kekahi, hōʻike nā palapala moʻolelo kūlohelohe i nā holoholona i ko lākou nani āpau a hoʻoikaika iā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka nani o ka honua kūlohelohe a puni ʻoe. He aha nā mea a nā keiki e aʻo ai ma ka nānā ʻana i nā holoholona ikaika nani i hūnā ʻia i loko o kahi hale liʻiliʻi / loko me nā kūlana kūlohelohe maoli no lākou? He aha kā mākou e aʻo ai i ka hanauna ʻōpio ma ka hōʻike ʻana iā lākou he mea pono ke uhaki i ke kūʻokoʻa o kekahi no ko mākou leʻaleʻa?
D:
BF: ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi mau ʻano o ka biology cetacean i paʻakikī (akā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole) ke aʻo i ka nahele. ʻAʻole pili ʻo "lifestyle a me nā maʻamau" iā lākou, no ka mea, ua kau ʻia ka "lifestyle" o nā koholā pepehi kanaka i ke pio ʻana a ʻaʻole kūlohelohe. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke koho i kā lākou ʻoihana, hana, a i ʻole wahi, koe wale nō ka mea i kau ʻia e ke kanaka. No laila, ʻo ia mau ʻike e hiki ai ke hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā koholā pepehi kanaka i nā kūlana kūlohelohe o ke pio ʻana.
BF: Aia kekahi ʻikepili make no nā koholā pepehi kanaka a me nā koholā pepehi pio mai ka SeaWorld Aquarium ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka huina, he 37 mau koholā pepehi kanaka i make ma ʻekolu mau paka SeaWorld (me hoʻokahi i make ma Loro Parque, Tenerife). ʻO nā pēpē he kanakolu i hānau pio ʻia, he 10 i make, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā makuahine koholā pepehi ke kū i nā pilikia i ka wā hānau. Ma ka liʻiliʻi he 30 mau hihia a me ka hānau ʻana i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia.
He 1964 ka nui o na kohola pepehi kanaka i make ma ke pio ana mai 139. ʻAʻole kēia i helu ʻia ka poʻe i make i ka hopu pio ʻana mai ka nahelehele. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻaneʻane ʻelua ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia ma mua o ka heluna kanaka holoʻokoʻa o nā Kupa Hema, i kēia manawa i ke kūlana koʻikoʻi ma muli o nā hopu i hana ʻia ma British Columbia i nā makahiki 1960 a me 70s.
BF: I kēia manawa, nui nā haʻawina e pili ana i nā lāhui koholā pepehi like ʻole. ʻOi aku kekahi o lākou ma mua o 20 (a ʻoi aku ma mua o 40) mau makahiki.
ʻAʻole maopopo kahi i hele mai ai ka helu 180 no Antarctica. Aia ma waena o 000 a me 25 kanaka ka manaʻo hou loa o nā koholā pepehi kanaka Antarctic (Branch, TA An, F. a me GG Joyce, 000).
Akā ma kahi o ʻekolu mau kohola pepehi kanaka e noho ana ma laila, a no kekahi o lākou ua hōʻoia ʻia ke kūlana o ia ʻano. No laila, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kuhi o ka nui a me ka hāʻawi ʻana no kēlā me kēia kaiaola.
Ma Rūsia, aia nō ʻelua mau ʻano kaiaola o nā kohola pepehi kanaka i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai kekahi i kekahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole lākou i hui a hui pū kekahi me kekahi, a e hōʻike ana i ʻelua mau lāhui like ʻole. Ua hōʻoia kēia e nā haʻawina lōʻihi (mai ka makahiki 1999) ma ka Hikina Hikina (Filatova et al. 2014, Ivkovich et al. 2010, Burdinetal. 2006, Filatova et al. 2007, Filatova et al. 2009, Filatova et al. 2010, Filatova et al. , Ivkovichetal. Filatova et al. 2010 a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ʻelua mau kānaka kaʻawale e koi i kahi ala pilikino e loiloi i ka nui a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pilikia no kēlā me kēia heluna.
Ma kahi o Rūsia, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia nā loiloi kūikawā o nā helu koholā pepehi kanaka ma ka wahi hopu (Sea of Okhotsk). He mau ʻikepili kahiko wale nō i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma ke ala ke nānā aku i nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka helu pololei o nā holoholona i lawe ʻia mai ka heluna kanaka i ka wā o ka hopu (mea ola + make). Akā i ka manawa like, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana i kēlā me kēia makahiki no ka hopu ʻana i 10 mau kohola pepehi kanaka. No laila, me ka ʻike ʻole i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole i ka māhele ʻana i ʻelua mau heluna kanaka like ʻole, me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka nui o ka poʻe i hopu ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke loiloi i nā pilikia o ka heluna kanaka a hōʻoia i kona palekana.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he ʻike kaumaha ko ke ao holoʻokoʻa i ka wā i hoʻoneʻe ʻia ai nā kānaka he 53 (me ka poʻe i make) mai ka heluna o nā kohola pepehi kanaka Hema (British Columbia) i loko o kekahi mau makahiki, a ua alakaʻi i ka emi wikiwiki o ka helu a i kēia manawa ua kokoke kēia heluna kanaka i ka pau.
D: ʻO ka hana ʻana i kā mākou kikowaena ponoʻī ma Rūsia, kahi e hiki ai ke nānā i nā kohola pepehi kanaka i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no kā lākou mālama ʻana, e ʻae i nā ʻepekema Lūkini e hiki i kahi pae hou o ka ʻike e pili ana iā lākou. Hana pū nā poʻe loea o ke kikowaena VNIRO** me nā loea o ke kikowaena Sochi Dolphinarium LLC i nā mea e pili ana i ka noiʻi ʻepekema o nā kohola pepehi kanaka, ua kipa pinepine lākou i ka paʻakikī, aia nā mammals.
BF: ʻAʻole aʻo nā loea VNIRO i nā koholā pepehi kanaka. E ʻoluʻolu e haʻi i nā ʻatikala ʻepekema e hōʻike i nā hopena o kēia mau haʻawina. E like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, ʻaʻole kūpono nā kūlana o ka paʻa. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ia ka helu ʻana he pono ke ʻauʻau ʻana i kahi koholā pepehi kanaka i loko o ka loko SeaWorld a puni ke anapuni o ka loko wai ma kahi o 1400 mau manawa i ka lā i mea e uhi ai i ka mamao i hele ʻia e nā koholā pepehi hihiu i ka lā.
D: Aia nā koholā pepehi kanaka ma lalo o ka mākaʻikaʻi mau a ka State Veterinary Service, a me ʻehiku mau kauka lapaʻau i hōʻoia ʻia. Hoʻokahi manawa i hoʻokahi mahina, hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua lapaʻau piha o nā holoholona (me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko a me ka biochemical, nā moʻomeheu microbiological a me nā swabs mai nā mucous membrane o ka ʻōpū hanu kiʻekiʻe). Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomalu maikaʻi wai, hana nā loea o ke kikowaena i nā ana mana o ka maikaʻi o ka wai i loko o ka loko i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu hola. Eia kekahi, nānā ʻia nā loiloi wai i kēlā me kēia mahina no nā hōʻailona 63 i kahi keʻena kūikawā ma Moscow. Hoʻolakoʻia nā loko i nā mea hana kūikawā: i kēlā me kēiaʻekolu hola e hele loa ka wai i nā kānana hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Mālama ʻia ka pae paʻakai a me ka mahana o ka wai e like me ka noho ʻana o nā kohola pepehi kanaka e like me nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
BF: He mea maikaʻi ke ʻike i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ka wai i ʻae ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ma ke ʻano he "hoʻohālikelike me nā kūlana kūlohelohe". Ua ʻike ʻia ka pili ʻana o ka wai kemika i ke olakino o nā koholā pepehi kanaka, a ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka chlorine no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai uliuli ʻōlinolino o ka loko, he mea hoihoi loa i ka lehulehu.
D: Hoʻokahi koholā pepehi e ʻai i 100 kilokani o ka iʻa i kēlā me kēia lā, he ʻokoʻa loa kāna meaʻai, he 12 mau ʻano iʻa kiʻekiʻe, me ka salmon pink, salmon chum, salmon coho a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.
BF: ʻO nā koholā pepehi i hopu ʻia ma Rūsia no kahi ʻano kaiaola ʻai ʻai i nā ʻano kūlohelohe e hānai wale ana i nā mammals moana (sepa hulu, liona moana, sila, sea otters, etc.). ʻAʻole i ʻai nā koholā pepehi kanaka, aia ma VDNKh i kēia manawa, i ka salmon pink, salmon chum, salmon coho, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe.
He mea kakaikahi na kohola pepehi kanaka a he okoa loa ia mai na poe kohola pepehi kanaka e ae o ka honua a ua manao ka poe epekema e ike ia lakou he ano kaawale (Morin et al. 2010, Biggetal 1987, Riechetal. 2012, Parsonsetal. 2013 a me na mea e ae). Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noho ʻana o nā koholā pepehi kanaka ʻai ʻole i ka iʻa ma ka wahi hopu (Filatova et al. 2014).
No laila, ʻaʻole i kūpono ka ʻai ʻana i nā iʻa make i nā pono physiological o nā kohola pepehi kanaka, ka mea ma ke ʻano e ʻai wale i ka meaʻai pumehana kiʻekiʻe-calorie.
Ma muli o ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka nui o kēia heluna kanaka, ua maopopo ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o nā palapala hoʻopaʻa paʻa ma muli o ka ʻikepili ʻepekema, akā ma ke kumu wale nō o nā pono kalepa.
ʻO ka hopu ʻana i nā koholā pepehi kanaka ma nā wai Lūkini, nona kēia mau koholā, ʻaʻole i hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia i ka ʻepekema, ʻaʻole ia i ka mana a me ka hōʻike ʻana (ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi i ka ʻike o ka ʻenehana o ka paʻi ʻana a me ka make ʻana o nā koholā pepehi kanaka i ka wā o ka hopu ʻana) a ua hana ʻia. me ka juggling o na palapala (.
Nā manaʻo i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e:
— E. Ovsyanikova, mea olaola, loea ma ka moana mammals, postgraduate haumāna ma ke Kulanui o Canterbury (New Zealand), komo i ka papahana e aʻo Antarctic pepehi koholā.
- T. Ivkovich, mea olaola, haumana ma hope o ke kula nui o St. Petersburg State University. Ke hana nei me nā mammals moana mai ka makahiki 2002. Ke komo nei i ka papahana noiʻi FEROP killer whale.
- E. Jikia, mea olaola, Ph.D., mea noiʻi ma ka Laboratory of Molecular Biology o ka Federal State Institution of Radiology. Ua hana pū ʻo ia me nā mammals moana mai ka makahiki 1999. Ua komo ʻo ia i ka papahana noiʻi FEROP killer whale, i ke aʻo ʻana i nā koholā hina ma ke Kai o Okhotsk a me nā kohola pepehi kanaka ma nā Mokupuni Commander.
- O. Belonovich, mea olaola, Ph.D., mea noiʻi ma KamchatNIRO. Ke hana pū nei me nā momi kai mai ka makahiki 2002. Ua komo i nā papahana e aʻo i nā kohola beluga ma ke Kai Keʻokeʻo, nā liona kai ma ke komohana ʻākau o ka Moana Pākīpika, a e aʻo i ka pilina ma waena o nā kohola pepehi kanaka a me nā lawaiʻa.
* “* (“Black Fin”) – ka moʻolelo o ke koholā pepehi kāne i kapa ʻia ʻo Tilikum, he koholā pepehi kanaka i pepehi i kekahi mau kānaka i ka manawa i noho pio ai ʻo ia. I ka makahiki 2010, i ka wā o ka hoʻokani ʻana ma kahi pā pāʻani wai ma Orlando, ua huki ʻo Tilikum i ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Don Brasho i lalo o ka wai a make iā ia. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole kēia ulia (peia ke ʻano o ka hanana) ʻaʻole wale ka mea ma ka hihia o Tilikum. Aia kekahi pōʻino ma muli o kēia kohola pepehi kanaka. Hoʻohana ʻo Gabriela Cowperthwaite ka mea hana Black Fin i nā kiʻi haʻalulu o ka hoʻouka ʻana i ke koholā pepehi kanaka a me nā nīnauele me nā mea hōʻike e hoʻāʻo e hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu maoli o ka pōʻino.
ʻO ke kiʻi ʻana o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hoʻonāukiuki i nā kūʻē ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ka pani ʻana i nā paka leʻaleʻa moana (memo a ka mea kākau).
** ʻO VNIRO ke kumu alakaʻi o ka ʻoihana lawaiʻa, hoʻonohonoho i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hoʻolālā a me nā papahana no ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lawaiʻa a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka pono o nā hui noiʻi lawaiʻa āpau ma ka Russian Federation.
Kikokikona: Svetlana ZOTOVA.