Wehewehe o ke kaumaha

ʻO ke kaumaha kahi maʻi i hōʻike ʻia e ke kaumaha nui, ka manaʻo o ka manaʻo ʻole (depressed mood), ka nalowale o ka hoʻoikaika a me nā kumu hoʻoholo, ka emi ʻana o ka leʻaleʻa, ka ʻai ʻana a me ka hiamoe, nā manaʻo ʻino a me ka manaʻo waiwai ole ma ke ano he kanaka.

Ma nā pōʻai lapaʻau, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka huaʻōlelo ʻeha nui e pili ana i kēia maʻi. ʻO ke kaumaha ka mea maʻamau e like me nā manawa o ke kaumaha e hiki ke mau no nā pule, mahina a i ʻole mau makahiki. Ma muli o ka ikaika o nā hōʻailona, ​​e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaumaha ma ke ʻano he haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa a nui paha (koʻikoʻi). I nā hihia koʻikoʻi loa, hiki i ke kaumaha ke alakaʻi i ka pepehi kanaka.

Hoʻopilikia ke kaumaha i ke ʻano, nā manaʻo a me nā ʻano, akā i ke kino pū kekahi. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ke kaumaha ma ke kino e ka ʻeha hope, ʻeha ʻōpū, ʻeha poʻo; E wehewehe pū ana i ke kumu e maʻalahi ai ke kanaka i loaʻa i ke kaumaha i ke anu a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe no ka nāwaliwali o ko lākou ʻōnaehana pale.

Ke kaumaha a i ʻole ke kaumaha?

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "kaumaha", kapu ʻia ʻaʻole i ka wā ma mua, ua hoʻohana hewa ʻia i ka ʻōlelo o kēlā me kēia lā e wehewehe i nā manawa hiki ʻole ke ʻano o ke kaumaha, ka luuluu a me ka melancholy i kāhea ʻia e nā mea a pau e ʻike i kekahi manawa i ka manawa. i kekahi maʻi ʻole.

No ka laʻana, ʻo ke kaumaha ma hope o ka nalowale ʻana o kahi mea aloha a i ʻole ka manaʻo ʻaʻole i kūleʻa i ka wā e loaʻa ai nā pilikia ma ka hana he mea maʻamau. Akā, ke hoʻi mai kēia mau naʻau i kēlā me kēia lā no ke kumu ʻole a hoʻomau paha no ka manawa lōʻihi me kahi kumu ʻike ʻia, ʻo ia ke kaumaha. ʻO ke kaumaha he maʻi mau loa ia, e hālāwai ana i nā pae hoʻohālikelike kūikawā.

Ma waho aʻe o ke kaumaha, mālama ka mea kaumaha i nā manaʻo maikaʻiʻole a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana: "Heʻino loa wau", "ʻAʻole loa e hiki iaʻu ke hana", "Ke inaina nei au i koʻuʻano". Manaʻo ʻo ia he waiwai ʻole a pilikia ʻo ia i ka hoʻolālā ʻana iā ia iho i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻAʻole makemake hou ʻo ia i nā hana i kaulana mua.

ʻO ke kuhikuhina

ʻO ke kaumaha kekahi o nā maʻi psychiatric maʻamau. Wahi a kahi noiʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e nā luna olakino o Quebec, ma kahi o 8% o ka poʻe i piha i ka makahiki 12 a ʻoi aʻe i hōʻike ʻia ua loaʻa i kahi manawa kaumaha i nā mahina he 12 i hala. Wahi a Health Canada, ma kahi o 1% o nā Canadians a me 11% o nā wahine Kanada e loaʻa i ke kaumaha nui i ko lākou ola ʻana. A ʻo 16% o ka poʻe Palani he 75 a hiki i ka 7,5 i loaʻa i kahi hanana kaumaha i nā mahina he 15 i hala.

Wahi a ka World Health Organization (WHO), i ka makahiki 2020, e lilo ke kaumaha i kumu lua o ke kino kīnā ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ma hope o nā maʻi cardiovascular2.

Hiki ke kaumaha i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e like me ka wā kamaliʻi, akā ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka wā o ka wā ʻōpio a i ʻole ka wā makua.

Nā kumu o ke kaumaha

ʻAʻole maopopo i ke kumu o ke kaumaha, akā he maʻi paʻakikī ia e pili ana i kekahi mau mea e pili ana i ka hoʻoilina, biology, nā hanana ola, a me ke ʻano a me nā maʻamau. o ke ola.

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ʻO nā haʻawina lōʻihi e pili ana i nā ʻohana a me nā māhoe (i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a ʻaʻole i ka hānau ʻana) ua hōʻike ʻia aia kekahi ʻano genetic ke kaumaha, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia. nā genes kūikawā i pili i kēia maʻi. No laila, ʻo ka moʻolelo o ke kaumaha i loko o ka ʻohana he kumu pilikia.

ʻO Biology

ʻOiai paʻakikī ka biology o ka lolo, hōʻike ka poʻe me ke kaumaha i kahi hemahema a i ʻole ke kaulike o kekahi mau neurotransmitters e like me ke serotonin. Ke hoʻopau nei kēia mau imbalances i ke kamaʻilio ma waena o nā neurons. ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe, e like me ka hoʻohaunaele hormonal (hypothyroidism, lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau hoʻomalu hānau no ka laʻana), hiki ke kōkua pū i ke kaumaha.

Kaiapuni a me ka nohona

ʻO nā ʻano nohona maikaʻi ʻole (ka paka, ka inu waiʻona, ka hoʻoikaika kino liʻiliʻi, ka nui o ke kīwī88 a i ʻole nā ​​pāʻani wikiō, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a me ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana (ke kūlana hoʻokele waiwai, ke kaumaha, ka noho kaʻawale ʻana) e loaʻa i kahi hopena nui i ke kanaka. kūlana noʻonoʻo. No ka laʻana, hiki i ke kūkulu ʻana o ke koʻikoʻi ma ka hana ke alakaʻi i ka burnout a me ke kaumaha.

Nā hanana hanana

ʻO ka nalo ʻana o kahi mea aloha, hemo ʻana, maʻi, nalowale kahi hana a i ʻole kekahi trauma ʻē aʻe hiki ke hoʻoulu i ke kaumaha i nā poʻe i loaʻa mua i ka maʻi. Pēlā nō, ʻo ka hana ʻino a i ʻole ka ʻeha i ʻike ʻia i ka wā kamaliʻi e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka puʻuwai i ka wā makua, ʻoi loa no ka mea e hoʻopau mau ai i ka hana ʻana o kekahi mau genes pili i ke kaumaha.

ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kaumaha

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā maʻi depressive i kekahi mau pūʻulu: nā maʻi depressive nui, nā maʻi dysthymic a me nā maʻi depressive i hōʻike ʻole ʻia.

ʻO ka maʻi kaumaha nui 

Hōʻike ʻia ia e hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha ʻo Major Depressive Episodes (ka naʻau kaumaha a i ʻole ka nalo ʻana o ka hoihoi no ka liʻiliʻi ʻelua pule e pili ana me ʻehā mau hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ke kaumaha).

ʻO ka maʻi dysthymic (dys = dysfunctional a me thymia = manaʻo)

Hōʻike ʻia ia e ke ʻano kaumaha i ka hapa nui o ka manawa no ka liʻiliʻi o ʻelua mau makahiki, pili pū me nā hōʻailona depressive ʻaʻole i kūpono i nā pae hoʻohālike no ka Major Depressive Episode. He manaʻo kaumaha ia, me ka ʻole o ke kaumaha nui.

ʻO ka Nonspecific Depressive Disorder kahi maʻi hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kū ʻole i nā pae hoʻohālike no ka maʻi depressive nui a i ʻole ka maʻi dysthymic. Hiki paha, no ka laʻana, he maʻi hoʻoponopono me ke ʻano kaumaha a i ʻole kahi maʻi hoʻoponopono me ka hopohopo a me ke ʻano kaumaha.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe me kēia hoʻohālikelike mai DSM4 (Mental Disorders Classification Manual):

Ke kaumaha kaumaha. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hōʻailona maʻamau o ke kaumaha ka hopohopo nui a me ka hopohopo.

ʻO ka maʻi bipolar i kapa mua ʻia he manic depression. 

Hōʻike ʻia kēia maʻi psychiatric e nā wā o ke kaumaha nui, me nā manic a hypomanic episodes (exaggerated euphoria, over-excited, reverse form of depression).

Hoʻohaʻahaʻa kau. 

ʻO ke kūlana depressive e hōʻike ana iā ia iho i ka pōʻaiapuni, maʻamau i loko o nā mahina liʻiliʻi o ka makahiki i ka haʻahaʻa o ka lā.

Kaumaha kaumaha ma hope o ka hānau ʻana

Ma 60% a 80% o nā wahine, ʻike ʻia kahi kūlana o ke kaumaha, hopohopo a me ka hopohopo i nā lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā pēpē pēpē e mau ana ma waena o hoʻokahi lā a me 15 lā. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻoholo kēia manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole iā ia iho. Eia naʻe, i loko o 1 i 8 wahine, hiki koke ke kaumaha maoli a ʻike ʻia paha i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.

Ke kaumaha ma hope o ke kaumaha. I nā pule ma hope o ka make ʻana o kahi mea aloha, ua maʻamau nā hōʻailona o ke kaumaha, a he ʻāpana ia o ke kaʻina kaumaha. Eia naʻe, inā hoʻomau kēia mau hōʻailona o ke kaumaha ma mua o ʻelua mahina, a i ʻole he mākaʻikaʻi loa, pono e nīnau i kahi loea.

Nā pilikia

Aia kekahi mau pilikia e pili ana i ke kaumaha:

• ʻO ka hoʻi hou ʻana o ke kaumaha : He mea pinepine ia no ka mea pili ia i ka 50% o ka poe i loaa i ke kaumaha. Hoʻemi nui ka hoʻokele i kēia pilikia o ka hoʻi hou ʻana.
• ʻO ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā hōʻailona koena: ʻo ia nā hihia kahi i hoʻōla ʻole ʻia ai ke kaumaha a ma hope o ka hopena depressive, mau nā hōʻailona o ke kaumaha.
• ʻO ka hoʻololi i ke kaumaha mau.
• Pilikia pepehi kanaka: ʻO ke kaumaha ke kumu nui o ka pepehi kanaka: ma kahi o 70% o ka poʻe i make i ka pepehi kanaka i loaʻa i ke kaumaha. ʻO nā kāne kaumaha ma luna o 70 mau makahiki ka nui o ka pilikia o ka pepehi kanaka. ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona o ke kaumaha, ʻo ia ka manaʻo pepehi kanaka, i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa "nā manaʻo pouli". ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole hoʻāʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe me ka manaʻo e pepehi iā lākou iho, he hae ʻulaʻula ia. Manaʻo ka poʻe me ke kaumaha e pili ana i ka pepehi kanaka e hoʻōki i ka ʻeha i ʻike ʻole ʻia lākou.

Nā pilikia pili i ke kaumaha : Loaʻa i ke kaumaha nā pilina kino a noʻonoʻo paha me nā pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe:

• Hopohopo,
• addiction: ʻAʻona; hoʻomāinoino i nā mea e like me ka cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine; ka hilinaʻi ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau e like me nā lāʻau hiamoe a i ʻole tranquilizers ...
• Hoʻonui ka pilikia o kekahi mau maʻi : ka maʻi cardiovascular a me ka maʻi diabetes. ʻO kēia ke kumu no ka pili ʻana o ke kaumaha me ka nui o ka pilikia o nā pilikia o ka naʻau a i ʻole ka hahau ʻana. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha e hoʻolalelale iki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes i nā poʻe i pilikia.⁷⁰. Hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka poʻe noiʻi ʻaʻole hiki i ka poʻe me ke kaumaha ke hoʻoikaika a ʻai maikaʻi. Eia kekahi, hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻonui i ka makemake a hoʻonui i ke kaumaha. ʻO kēia mau mea a pau e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi diabetes type 2.