DPI: he aha kāu e ʻike ai

He aha ka ʻike ma mua o ka implantation?

Hāʻawi ka DPI i ka hiki ke loaʻa i nā kāne he keiki ʻaʻole loaʻa ka maʻi genetic hiki ke hoʻoili iā ia. 

Aia ka PGD i ka nānā ʻana i nā cell mai nā embryos i loaʻa mai ka in vitro fertilization (IVF), ʻo ia hoʻi ma mua o ka ulu ʻana i loko o ka ʻōpū, a laila e hoʻokuʻu i nā mea i loaʻa i kahi maʻi genetic a i ʻole chromosomal pololei.

Pehea e hana ai ka ʻike ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana?

I ka wā mua, e like me ka IVF maʻamau. Hoʻomaka ka wahine me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ovarian (e nā injections o nā hormones i kēlā me kēia lā), kahi e hiki ai ke loaʻa hou nā oocytes. A laila, hou ʻia lākou a hoʻopili ʻia me ka sperm o ka wahine i loko o kahi paipu hoʻāʻo. ʻAʻole hiki i ʻekolu mau lā ma hope mai ka ʻike maoli ʻana o ka pre-implantation diagnostic. Lawe ka poʻe biologists i hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau pūnaewele mai nā embryos (me ka liʻiliʻi o ʻeono mau pūnaewele), no ka ʻimi ʻana i ke gene pili i ka maʻi i ʻimi ʻia. A laila hoʻomau ʻia ka IVF: inā ʻaʻole i hōʻeha ʻia hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha embryos, hoʻoneʻe ʻia lākou i ka ʻōpū makuahine.

ʻO wai ka hōʻailona pre-implantation i hāʻawi ʻia iā?

Le ʻO ka preimplantation genetic diagnostic (a i ʻole PGD) kahi ʻenehana e hiki ai ke ʻike i nā mea ʻino - genetic a i ʻole chromosomal - i loko o nā embryos i hāpai ʻia ma hope o ka in vitro fertilization (IVF). Manaʻo ʻia nā kāne i pilikia i ka hele ʻana i kahi maʻi genetic koʻikoʻi a hiki ʻole ke hoʻōla i kā lākou pēpē. He maʻi paha lākou a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea lawe olakino, ʻo ia hoʻi, lawe lākou i ke ʻano kumu no ka maʻi, akā ʻaʻole maʻi. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kēia gene a hiki i ka hānau ʻana o kahi keiki maʻi mua.

PGD: he aha nā maʻi a mākou e ʻimi nei?

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ia ka cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, Steinert myotonic dystrophy, fragile X syndrome, Huntington's chorea, a me nā chromosomal imbalances e pili ana i nā unuhi, akā ʻaʻohe papa inoa piha. ua wehewehe ʻia. Waihoia ka olelo hooholo i na kauka. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi hoʻāʻo diagnostic i nā embryonic cell no nā maʻi genetic āpau koʻikoʻi a hiki ʻole ke ola.

Ma hea kahi i hana ʻia ai ka maʻi pre-implantation?

Ma Palani, he helu palena wale nō o nā kikowaena i ʻae ʻia e hāʻawi iā PGD: ka halemai Antoine Béclère, ka halemai Necker-Enfants-Malades ma ka ʻāina ʻo Paris, a me nā Reproductive Biology Centers i loaʻa ma Montpellier, Strasbourg, Nantes a me Grenoble.

Aia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana?

Ma keʻano laulā, ua pōmaikaʻi nā kāne mai ka ʻōlelo aʻo genetic i hāʻawi iā lākou i ke kikowaena PGD. Ma hope o ka nīnauele lōʻihi a me ka hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolohua koʻikoʻi, pono ke kāne a me ka wahine e hana i kahi pākaukau lōʻihi a paʻa loa o nā hoʻokolohua, e like me ka mea e pono ai e hahai i nā moho a pau no ke ʻano o ka hānau ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe PGD hiki me ka ʻole. in vitro fertilization.

PGD: he aha kā mākou e hana ai me nā embryos ʻē aʻe?

Hoʻopau koke ʻia ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi. Inā ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ʻelua o nā embryos maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻopōʻino ʻia, ʻo nā mea i hoʻokomo ʻole ʻia (e kaupalena i ka pilikia o ka hāpai ʻana he nui) hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia inā hōʻike ka kāne i ka makemake e loaʻa hou nā keiki.

Ua maopopo anei nā mākua e loaʻa iā lākou kahi keiki olakino ma hope o PGD?

ʻIke wale ʻo PGD i kahi maʻi kūikawā, no ka laʻana cystic fibrosis. Loaʻa ka hopena ma lalo o 24 mau hola, no laila ke hōʻoia wale nei ʻaʻole e loaʻa ka pēpē i ka wā e hiki mai ana i kēia maʻi.

He aha nā kūlana o ka hāpai ʻana ma hope o kahi hōʻailona pre-implantation?

ʻO ka holoʻokoʻa, he 22% lākou ma hope o kahi puncture a me 30% ma hope o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka embryo. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻano like me ka wahine i hāpai ʻia i ka wā o ka pōʻaiapuni kūlohelohe, akā ʻokoʻa nā hopena e like me ka maikaʻi o nā oocytes a no laila ka makahiki o ka makuahine. wahine.

Hoʻohana ʻia e koho i nā "pēpē lāʻau lapaʻau"?

Ma Palani, ua ʻae ke kānāwai bioethics iā ia mai Kekemapa 2006 wale nō, akā inā loaʻa i kahi keiki mua kahi maʻi hiki ʻole ke hoʻōla ʻia e koi ai i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka iwi iwi inā ʻaʻohe mea hāʻawi kūpono i kona ʻohana. A laila hiki i kona mau mākua ke noʻonoʻo, me ka ʻae o ka Biomedicine Agency, e loaʻa i ka PGD e koho i kahi embryo manuahi mai ka maʻi a me ke kūpono me ke keiki maʻi. He kaʻina hana i mālama pono ʻia.