Hāʻawi hua manu: pehea ka hana?

Manaʻo ka Biomedicine Agency he 1 mau mea hāʻawi hua manu e pono ai i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻokō i nā pono o nā kāne kali. ʻO kahi koi e piʻi aʻe paha me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke komo ʻana i ke kōkua hou ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana inoa ʻole no nā mea hāʻawi gamete. ʻO wai ka mea hiki ke pōmaikaʻi i kēia lā mai kahi hāʻawi hua manu ma Farani? ʻO wai ka mea hiki ke hana i hoʻokahi? ʻO kā mākou pane.

He aha ka hāʻawi hua manu?

Hiki i ka wahine ke ʻae e hāʻawi i kekahi o kāna mau hua i hiki ai i kekahi wahine ke lilo i makuahine. ʻO ka oocyte ka cell reproductive wahine. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia wahine nā kaukani hua i loko o kāna ovaries. I kēlā me kēia mahina, e ulu ana ma kahi o ʻumi e hopena i ka ovulation o hoʻokahi oocyte, hiki ke hoʻomoʻa ʻia e kahi sperm. Ma Farani, ʻO ka hāʻawi manawaleʻa a manuahi. Nā kūlana o ka inoa ʻole Ua hoʻololi ʻia e ka ʻae ʻia ʻana ma Iune 29, 2021 e ka National Assembly of the bioethics bill. Mai ka 13 o ka mahina ma hope o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kēia kānāwai, pono e ʻae nā mea hāʻawi gamete ʻike ʻike ʻole (nā hoʻoikaika no ka hāʻawi ʻana, nā ʻano kino) akā, ʻike pū kekahi e hoʻouna ʻia inā hānau ʻia ke keiki mai kēia haʻawina a noi ʻo ia i kona wā oʻo. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pilina ma waena o ke keiki ma muli o ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ka mea hāʻawi.

He aha nā kūlana no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hua?

Ma Farani, ka hāʻawi hua manu e alakaʻi ʻia e ke kānāwai bioethics o Iulai 29, 1994, e kuhikuhi ana ʻO ka mea hāʻawi i nā makahiki kānāwai, ma lalo o 37 mau makahiki, a ma ke olakino maikaʻi. ʻO ke kūlana i kau ʻia ma luna o nā mea hāʻawi, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o hoʻokahi keiki, ua hoʻopau ʻia me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kānāwai bioethical o Iulai 2011. ʻO kahi ʻōlelo hou nona ka pahuhopu e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā hāʻawi, ʻaʻole lawa.

ʻO wai ka mea hiki ke pōmaikaʻi mai kahi hāʻawi hua manu?

Hāʻawi ʻia nā oocytes i nā kāne ʻaʻole hiki ke hānau keiki, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe oocytes maoli i ka wahine, a i ʻole no ka hōʻike ʻana o kāna mau oocytes i nā anomali genetic hiki ke lawe ʻia i ka pēpē, a i ʻole ua hana ʻo ia i kahi lapaʻau i luku ai i kāna mau oocytes, akā mai ke kauwela o 2021 i nā kāne o nā wahine a me nā wahine hoʻokahi. I nā hihia a pau, pono nā kāne i loaʻa i nā makahiki hānau keiki. Hoʻokō ke kāne a me ka wahine i kā lāua ala i loko o kahi ʻano lapaʻau koʻikoʻi a me ke kānāwaika hānau keiki kōkua ʻia e ka lāʻau lapaʻau (MAP).

Ma hea e kūkākūkā ai no kahi hāʻawi hua manu?

Ma Farani wale no 31 mau kikowaena no ka hoʻohānau ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau (AMP) ua ʻae ʻia e loaʻa nā mea hāʻawi a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻokipa, a e lawe i nā laʻana.

Hāʻawi hua manu: he aha nā hoʻokolohua mua no ka mea hāʻawi?

Ma waho aʻe o kahi hoʻokolohua lapaʻau piha, pono e lawe ka mea hāʻawi i ka hoʻāʻo koko e kāpae i ka maʻi lele (hepatitis B a me C, AIDS, cytomegalovirus, HTLV 1 a me 2 virus, syphilis), kahi karyotype (ʻano o ka palapala chromosome) a me kahi ʻO Pelvic ultrasound ʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai i ke kauka ke loiloi i kāna mālama ovarian. Ma muli o ke kikowaena, hiki ke noi ʻia ʻo ia e nīnau i kahi geneticist a / a i ʻole psychologist.

Ma laila wale nō e kākau ʻia ma a papa inoa hāʻawi, me kona ʻano kino a me kona ʻano, kona mōʻaukala olakino, kona ʻano koko… ʻO kēia nā mea a pau a ke kauka e kau ai i loko o nā leka ('ōlelo kekahi e pili ana i ka "pairing") me ka ʻaoʻao o ka mea i loaʻa. No ka mea ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i kekahi oocyte i kēlā me kēia mea loaʻa.

Hāʻawi hua manu: nā hoʻokolohua no ka mea loaʻa

ʻO ka mea i loaʻa, a me kāna kāne paha, e lawe pū i kahi hoʻāʻo koko e hoʻoholo ai i kahi maʻi infectious (hepatitis B a me C, cytomegalovirus, AIDS, syphilis). E pōmaikaʻi nō ka wahine i ka ka hoʻokolokolo kino piha e aʻo i ka maikaʻi o kāna kaʻa o ka ʻōpū. No kāna wahine, pono ʻo ia e hana i kahi spermogram e nānā i ka helu, ka maikaʻi a me ka neʻe ʻana o kāna sperm.

He aha ka mea e hana ai ka mea hāʻawi?

Ma hope o kona ʻae ʻana, hahai ʻo ia a lapaʻau hoʻoulu ovarian e ka subcutaneous injections o nā hormones, i kēlā me kēia lā no kahi mahina. I ka manawa like, pono ʻo ia e waiho i kahi ka nānā pono ʻana me ka ultrasound o kēlā me kēia lā a me ka hoʻāʻo koko no kekahi mau lā. No kona ʻaoʻao, lawe ka mea i loaʻa i ka lāʻau hormonal ma ke ʻano o nā papa, i mea e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka uhi o kona ʻōpū no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka embryo.

Pehea ka hana ʻana o ka hāʻawi hua manu?

Pono ka hele ʻana i ka fertilization in vitro. Hoʻopaʻa ke kauka i nā oocytes āpau (ma ka awelika 5 a 8) pololei mai nā ovaries o ka mea hāʻawi, ma lalo o ka anesthesia. Hoʻomomona koke ʻia nā oocytes makua i loko o ka vitro (i loko o kahi paipu hoʻāʻo) me ka sperm o ka wahine a ka mea i loaʻa. ʻElua a ʻekolu mau lā ma hope mai, hoʻokomo ʻia hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha embryos i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka mea lawe. Inā loaʻa nā embryos ʻē aʻe, ua paʻa i ka hau. Hiki i ka mea loaʻa ke hoʻohana hou iā ia i nā manawa a pau āna e makemake ai i loko o ʻelima mau makahiki.

Aia kekahi hopena ʻaoʻao me ka hāʻawi hua manu?

Kākoʻo maikaʻi ʻia ka mālama ʻana a ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana, i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka hāʻawi ʻana, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻemi i ka manawa o ka hāpai hou ʻana o ka mea hāʻawi. ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao e like me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ovarian.

He aha ka holomua o ka hāʻawi hua manu?

Hoʻopuka kekahi i ke kiʻi o 25-30% o ka hāpai ʻana i ka poʻe e loaʻa ana, akā hilinaʻi nui nā hopena i ka maikaʻi oocyte a no laila ka makahiki o ka mea hāʻawi. ʻO ka nui o kona ʻelemakule, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa o ka hāpai ʻana.