ʻO ka mea kākau ʻo SL Bratchenko, ke Kauka Hoʻohui o ke Keʻena ʻOihana Hoʻonaʻauao, Ke Kulanui Pedagogical Russian State. ʻO Herzen, ka moho o ka noʻonoʻo. ʻepekema. Ua paʻi ʻia ka ʻatikala kumu ma ka Nūpepa Psychological N 01 (16) 1997.
… He mau mea ola mākou, a no laila, ma kekahi ʻano, he poʻe existentialists mākou a pau.
J. Bugental, R. Kleiner
ʻAʻole i waena o nā mea maʻalahi ke ʻano existential-humanistic. Hoʻomaka nā pilikia me ka inoa ponoʻī. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, kahi moʻolelo liʻiliʻi.
Ua kū mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka psychology ma ʻEulopa i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX i ka hui ʻana o nā ʻano ʻelua: ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, ʻo ia ka ʻoluʻolu o nā psychologists a me nā mea lapaʻau me nā manaʻo hoʻoholo mana a me ka orientation i kahi pahuhopu. ʻepekema ʻepekema o ke kanaka; ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he hoʻomohala ikaika ia o ke akeakamai existential, i hōʻike i ka hoihoi nui i ka psychology a me ka psychiatry. ʻO ka hopena, ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano hou i ka psychology - ka mea e noho nei, i hōʻike ʻia e nā inoa e like me Karl Jaspers, Ludwig Binswanger, Medard Boss, Viktor Frankl a me nā mea hou aku.
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka mana o ka existentialism ma ke ʻano noʻonoʻo i ka puka ʻana mai o ka ʻaoʻao existential maoli - he nui nā kula psychological i hoʻohui i kēia mau manaʻo i kekahi degere a i ʻole. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā kumu kuʻuna ma E. Fromm, F. Perls, K. Horney, SL weshtein, etc. ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi ʻohana holoʻokoʻa o nā ala e pili ana i ka existentially a hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ka psychology existential (therapy) ma ke ʻano ākea a haiki. . I ka hihia hope loa, ʻo ka ʻike existential o ke kanaka e hana ma ke ʻano he kūlana i hoʻokō pono ʻia a hoʻokō mau ʻia. I ka wā mua, ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano existential kūpono (ma ke ʻano haiki) existential-phenomenological a existential-analytical a he ʻano ʻEulopa maʻemaʻe. Akā ma hope o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, ua laha nui ka ʻaoʻao existential ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Eia kekahi, aia ma waena o kāna mau ʻelele koʻikoʻi kekahi mau alakaʻi o ke kolu, humanistic revolution in psychology (ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻokumu nui ʻia ma nā manaʻo o existentialism): Rollo MAY, James BUGENTAL a me nā mea hou aku.
ʻIke ʻia, no laila, makemake kekahi o lākou, ʻo J. BUGENTHAL e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke ʻano existential-humanistic. Me he mea la he kupono loa keia hui ana a he hohonu kona manao. ʻAʻole like ka Existentialism a me ka humanism; a ʻo ka inoa existential-humanistic ʻaʻole wale i ko lākou ʻike ʻole, akā i ko lākou ʻano maʻamau, ʻo ia ka mea nui i ka ʻike ʻana i ke kūʻokoʻa o ke kanaka e kūkulu i kona ola a me ka hiki ke hana pēlā.
I kēia mau lā, ua hana ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka existential-humanistic therapy ma St. Petersburg Association for Training and Psychotherapy. ʻOi aku ka pololei o ka ʻōlelo ʻana ua loaʻa i kahi hui o nā psychologists a me nā mea lapaʻau ke kūlana kūlana, e hana maoli ana i kēia kuhikuhi mai ka makahiki 1992, i ka wā ma Moscow, i loko o ke kahua o ka International Conference on Humanistic Psychology, ua hālāwai mākou me Deborah RAHILLY, he haumāna a ka ukali o J. Bugental. A laila ʻo Deborah a me kāna mau hoa hana ʻo Robert NEYDER, Padma KATEL, Lanier KLANCY a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i alakaʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 1992-1995. ma St. Petersburg 3 mau seminar aʻo ma EGP. I nā wā ma waena o nā papa hana, ua kūkākūkā ka hui i ka ʻike i loaʻa, nā manaʻo nui a me nā ʻano hana o ka hana ma kēia kuhikuhi. No laila, ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana kumu (akā ʻaʻole wale) o ka existential-humanistic therapy, ua koho ʻia ke ala ʻo J. Bugentala, nona nā mea nui e like me kēia. (Akā, ʻo ka mea mua, he mau huaʻōlelo e pili ana i kā mākou pilikia lōʻihi: he aha kā mākou e kapa ai iā lākou? He nui nā psychologists conventional kaulana i ka unuhi Lūkini ʻaʻole wale e loaʻa i kahi wehewehe ʻokoʻa loa, no ka laʻana, ʻo Abraham MASLOW, kekahi o nā psychologists nui loa o ka ʻO ke kenekulia XNUMX, ʻike ʻia iā mākou ʻo Abraham Maslow, ʻoiai, inā ʻoe e nānā i ke kumu, ʻo ia ʻo Abram Maslov, a inā ʻoe e nānā i ka puke wehewehe ʻōlelo, a laila ʻo Abraham Maslow, akā loaʻa iā lākou kekahi mau inoa i ka manawa hoʻokahi, no ka laʻana, Ronald LAING, aka LANG. ʻO James BUGENTAL maikaʻi ʻole - ua kapa ʻia ʻekolu a ʻoi aku paha nā koho; Manaʻo wau ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka haʻi ʻana e like me kāna hana ʻana iā ia iho - BUGENTAL.)
No laila, ʻo nā mea koʻikoʻi nui o ka hoʻokokoke ʻana ʻo J. Bugentala, ʻo ia iho i kapa ai i ke ola hoʻololi ola.
- Ma hope o kekahi pilikia psychological i loko o ke ola o ke kanaka e moe hohonu (a 'aʻole i maopopo maopopo) pilikia existential o ka pilikia o ke ku okoa ana o ke koho a me ke kuleana, kaawale a me ka interconnectedness me 'ē aʻe kanaka, ka huli no ke ano o ke ola a me na pane i na ninau ʻO wau anei? He aha kēia ao? etc. Ma ka existential-humanistic approach, hōʻike ka mea lapaʻau i kahi lohe existential kūikawā, e hiki ai iā ia ke hopu i kēia mau pilikia existential huna a hoʻopiʻi ma hope o ka façade o nā pilikia i ʻōlelo ʻia a me nā hoʻopiʻi o ka mea kūʻai. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka lāʻau hoʻololi ola: hana pū ka mea kūʻai aku a me ka mea lapaʻau e kōkua i ka mea mua e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o kā lākou pane ʻana i nā nīnau e pili ana i ko lākou ola, a e hoʻoponopono hou i kekahi o nā pane i nā ala e ʻoi aku ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke ola o ka mea kūʻai. hoʻokō.
- Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻano existential-humanistic ma ka ʻike ʻana i ke kanaka i kēlā me kēia kanaka a me ka mahalo mua i kona ʻano kūʻokoʻa a me kona kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ia hoʻi ka ʻike ʻana o ka mea lapaʻau ʻo ke kanaka i loko o ka hohonu o kona ʻano he mea ʻike ʻole ʻia a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike piha ʻia, no ka mea hiki iā ia ke hana i kumu o nā loli i kona ʻano ponoʻī, e luku ana i nā wānana a me nā hopena i manaʻo ʻia.
- Ka manaʻo o ka therapist, e hana ana i ka existential-humanistic hoʻokokoke mai, i ka subjectivity o ke kanaka, e like me kana i olelo mai ai J. Bugenthal, ka i loko autonomous a pili pono maoli i loko o mākou e noho me ka oiaio. ʻO ke kumuhana ko mākou mau ʻike, manaʻo, manaʻo, manaʻo hopohopo ... nā mea a pau i loko o mākou a hoʻoholo i kā mākou hana ma waho, a ʻo ka mea nui loa - nā mea a mākou e hana ai mai nā mea e hiki mai ana iā mākou ma laila. ʻO ke kumuhana o ka mea kūʻai ka wahi nui o ka noi ʻana i nā hoʻoikaika a ka mea lapaʻau, a ʻo kāna kumuhana ponoʻī ke ʻano nui o ke kōkua ʻana i ka mea kūʻai.
- Me ka hōʻole ʻole i ke koʻikoʻi nui o ka wā i hala a me ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hāʻawi ka existential-humanistic i ke kuleana alakaʻi e hana i kēia manawa me ka mea e ola maoli nei i ka subjectivity o ke kanaka i kēia manawa, e pili ana i kēia manawa. Aia ma ke kaʻina o ke ola pololei, me nā hanana o ka wā i hala a i ʻole ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki ke lohe ʻia a hoʻokō pono ʻia nā pilikia e noho nei.
- Hoʻonohonoho ka ʻano existential-humanistic i kahi kuhikuhi, kahi wahi o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana e ka mea lapaʻau i nā mea e hana nei i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ma mua o kahi hoʻonohonoho kikoʻī o nā ʻenehana a me nā kuhikuhi. E pili ana i kekahi kūlana, hiki i kekahi ke lawe (a ʻaʻole lawe) i kahi kūlana existential. No laila, ʻike ʻia kēia ala e kahi ʻano kupaianaha a me ka waiwai o nā psychotechniques i hoʻohana ʻia, me nā ʻano hana like ʻole e like me ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, koi, aʻo ʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. hana me ke kumuhana; Aia ke akamai o ka mea lapaʻau i ka hiki ke hoʻohana pono i ka waiwai waiwai āpau me ka ʻole e hele i ka manipulation. No ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kēia ʻano psychotherapist i wehewehe ʻo Bugental i 13 mau ʻāpana nui o ka hana therapeutic a hoʻomohala i kahi ala no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēlā me kēia. I koʻu manaʻo, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ala ʻē aʻe ke haʻaheo i ka hohonu a me ka paʻa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi papahana no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā manaʻo kumu o ka mea lapaʻau.
ʻO nā hoʻolālā o ka ʻāpana o ka existential-humanistic therapy e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka waiwai holoʻokoʻa o ka theoretical a me methodological arsenal o ka existential-humanistic approach. Ke kono nei mākou i nā poʻe a pau e makemake e lawe i kahi kūlana existential i ka psychology a me ke ola e hui pū a komo i ka hana o ka ʻāpana.