ʻO ka fundus kahi loiloi ophthalmologic e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻano hohonu o ka maka. He mea maikaʻi ia no ke kuhi o nā maʻi ophthalmological akā no ka ʻike a me ka ukali ʻana o ka hōʻino ʻia o ka retina ma muli o nā maʻi maʻamau e like me ka maʻi kō.

ʻO ka fundus kahi nānā ʻeha ʻole ophthalmologic i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i nā hanana o ka maka i ka hope o ka maka aniani: ke kino vitreous, ka retina, ka hapa waena o ka retina a i ʻole macula i hana ʻia o nā cell retinal i kapa ʻia he cones e ʻae i ke kala. ʻike a ʻike pono a me nā koʻokoʻo aia ma ke koena o ka retina a ʻae i ka ʻike ʻana i ka pō a me ke kiko kikoʻī me ka ʻole o nā kala... ka retina.

He poepoe ka maka e like me kahi baluna a ʻae ka fundus, ma o ka orifice o ka haumāna (puka liʻiliʻi, ka pōʻaiʻeleʻele i waenakonu o nā kala kala o ka maka) e ʻike ai i ka loko o ka "baluna".

Hoʻohana ʻia ia e ʻike i kekahi mau maʻi ocular (diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration e pili ana i ka makahiki, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a i ʻole e nānā i kā lākou ulu ʻana. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻenehana: e ka ophthalmoscope, e ka biomocroscope a i ʻole ke kukui slit me kahi aniani 3-aniani, na ʻOCT a i ʻole tomography coherence tomography.

ʻO ka fundus kahi hoʻokolokolo e hiki ai ke hōʻoia a nānā i nā maʻi ophthalmological e like me ka degeneration macular e pili ana i ka makahiki (AMD), glaucoma, detinalment retina. A me ke kuhi a me ka ukali ʻana o ka hypertensive retinopathy e pili ana i ke koko kiʻekiʻe, a me ka retinopathy i ka poʻe me ka maʻi kō. ʻO Retinopathy kahi maʻi o ka retina a i ʻole nā ​​kīʻaha koko i ka retina. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kālā i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoiai i nā pēpē premature, ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano hoʻokolokolo.

He ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hana i kahi waihona i ka wā hānau inā keʻokeʻo ka haumāna o ka pēpē, i ka makahiki 1, 3 makahiki, 5 mau makahiki, a laila kēlā me kēia 5 mau makahiki inā ʻaʻohe mea e nānā. Mai ka makahiki o presbyopia, pono e nānā pinepine ʻia. Pono e hoʻokō ʻia kahi waihona kālā i kēlā me kēia makahiki no nā pilikia retina i ʻike ʻia (e laʻa me ka diabetic retinopathy) a i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelua no nā haunaele ʻike e like me ka nearsightedness, presbyopia a i ʻole hyperopia.

I ka poʻe me ka maʻi kō

I ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes, hana ʻia ke kālā ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki i nā makahiki āpau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka retinopathy diabetic e mālama maikaʻi ʻia me ka laser a i ʻole nā ​​injection, e pale ana i ka nalo o ka maka.

Nā hihia kūpilikiʻi

Hiki ke hana wikiwiki ʻia kahi fundus inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau ʻōuli e like me ka hāʻule koke ʻana o ka ʻike maka, ʻike maka ʻole, ʻeha, ka ʻike ʻana i nā lele lele a i ʻole ka manaʻo o kahi pale ʻeleʻele, a inā ua ʻeha ʻoe i kahi ʻeha e ʻike ai, no ka mea ʻo kahi laʻana, kahi hoʻokaʻawale o ka retina.

ʻAʻole pono e mālama pono ʻia ma mua o ka hala ʻana o kahi waihona kālā. Pono ʻoe e hemo i nā aniani kaulona a mai hoʻokomo i nā mea hoʻonani i kou mau maka. I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻokomo ʻia nā kulu maka hoʻokolokolo i loko o nā maka e hoʻonui i ka haumāna. Lawe ʻia ma waena o 20 a me 45 mau minuke no ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā haumāna.

No ka hoʻokolohua, kau ʻoe i kou lae a me ka ʻae ma hope o ke kukui slit. He ʻeha ʻole kēia hōʻike a hala 5 a 10 mau minuke. Hiki ke hoʻohana i nā kulu maka anesthetic e hoʻopau i ke kōkō.

E akahele, e ʻike ʻole ʻoe i ka hihi ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo inā he kulu maka kou a ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele. No laila, pono e hele mai no kahi waihona kālā i hele pū a i ʻole nā ​​halihali lehulehu. I ke kukui ʻōlinolino, paipai ʻia ʻoe e ʻaʻa i nā aniani aniani ma hope o kēia hoʻokolokolo ʻana inā ua hoʻonui ʻoe i nā haumāna.

ʻIke koke ʻia nā hopena o kahi waihona.

Degeneration macular (AMD)

Hiki i ke fundus ke huai i ka degeneration macular e pili ana i ka makahiki (AMD) i hiki ke maloʻo a pulu paha. ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular e pili ana i ka makahiki (AMD) kahi o nā lesion degenerative ma hope o ka genetical a me / a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano susceptibility o ke kaiapuni, kahi e hoʻololi ai i ka wahi waena o ka retina i maʻa mau i ka poʻe i piha nā makahiki 50.. Loaʻa i nā mea puhipaka nā manawa 4 hou aku AMD a ma mua. Inā kānalua ʻo AMD i ka waihona kālā, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolokolo hou: angiography a me ka tomography coherence tomography (a i ʻole OCT).

Glaucoma

Hiki i ka fundus ke hōʻike i ka glaucoma ke loaʻa kahi pono ʻole o ka optic papilla (poʻo o ke aʻalolo optic) a me nā olonā optic i kaulana. ʻIke pū kekahi i ka glaucoma ke ana ʻana i ke kaomi o ka maka a me ka nānā ʻana i ka huina iridocorneal i kapa ʻia he gonioscopy. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke komo ʻana o ke aʻalolo Optic e ka nīnaninau ʻana o ʻOCT.

ʻO Glaucoma kahi maʻi sneaky nāna ʻoe e makapō no ka mea i loko o nā makahiki o ka evolution ʻaʻohe hōʻailona a hōʻailona paha ka mea maʻi, ʻike wale ʻia kēia e ka ninaninau ophthalmological ma o ka lawe ʻana i ka maka o ka maka, e kālailai ana i ke aʻalolo. optic a me kāna papillae ('OCT a me fundus) a me ka anamanaʻo kikoʻī o ke kahua ʻike. ʻElua mau ʻano glaucoma i hiki ke noho pū: glaucoma pani-ʻoki (nānā ʻia ka huina e gonioscopy akā ma mua o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka haumāna), a me ka glaucoma ākea e kū pono ana i kahi maʻi o ke aʻalolo optic e ka hypertension ocular, e ka hoʻoilina a i ʻole ka holo maikaʻi ʻole ʻana o ke koko.

I ka glaucoma huina paʻa, i ka hanana o kahi ulia pōpilikia, hoʻopau ʻia ke aʻalolo optic i 6 mau hola. Nui ʻeha ke ʻike koke ʻoe i ka pilikia a hele i ka lumi pilikia. Kōkua ka fundus e hōʻalo i kēia kūlana. Ke ʻike ka ophthalmologist i ka makaʻu o ka pani ʻana o ka huina me ke kukui slit (fundus) a me ka gonioscopy, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia me kahi kukuna liʻiliʻi.

Retinopathy diabetic

ʻO ka hoʻokolohua biomicroscopic o ka waihona ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka haumāna e hōʻike i ka retinopathy diabetic. Pono e hoʻonui ʻia ʻo Fundus me nā kiʻi fundus.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke fundus e hana i ke kuhi o ka hypertensive retinopathy i ke ʻano o ka hypertension arterial.

ʻO ke kumukūʻai o kahi waihona e biomicroscopy ʻo 28,29 euro. ʻO ke kumu kūʻai na ʻOCT he kumu kūʻai o 62,02 euro. ʻO ke kumukūʻai maʻamau no kahi waihona me ka dilation he € 35,91. E uku ʻia ke koena a uhi ʻia kāu uku e kāu ʻoihana ʻinikua.