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Hōʻike HIV
Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka maʻi HIV (AIDS)
Le HIV ou ka maʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻi kanaka he mea hoʻomaʻi nāna e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka immune nenoaiu a hiki ke kumu i nā pilikia he nui, e like me ka AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficit Syndrome), hiki ke make, inā haʻalele ʻole ʻia. He virus ia e hoʻoili ʻia i ka moekolohe a ma o ke koko, a i ka wā o ka hānau keiki ʻana a i ʻole ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū ma waena o kahi makuahine i loaʻa a me kāna keiki.
Wahi a ka World Health Organization, 35 miliona mau kānaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e noho nei me ka maʻi HIV, a ma kahi o 0,8% o ka poʻe mai 15 a 49 mau makahiki ka maʻi.
Hoʻololi ka nui o ka prevalence ma waena o nā ʻāina. Ma Palani, kuhi ʻia aia he 7000 a 8000 mau maʻi hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a he 30 mau kānaka i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV me ka ʻike ʻole. Ma Kanada, ua like ke ʻano: ʻaʻohe hapahā o ka poʻe e noho nei me ka maʻi HIV i ʻike ʻole iā lākou ia.
No ke aha e hoʻāʻo ai no ka maʻi HIV?
ʻOi aku 'maʻiʻaʻai ʻike ʻia a mālama ʻia i ka wanaʻao, ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ola a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ola. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe mea e ola ai ka maʻi, nui nā lāʻau e hiki ke hoʻopau i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka maʻi. mea hoʻomaʻi i ke kino a pale i ka hoʻomaka o ke kahua ʻO AIDS.
No laila koi ʻia e nānā pinepine ʻia ka heluna kanaka makua āpau no ka maʻi HIV. Hiki ke hana i nā hōʻoia ma kēlā me kēia manawa ma ke kumu manawaleʻa. Hāʻawi nā kikowaena he nui a me nā hui me ka uku ʻole (kikowaena inoa ʻole a manuahi nā kikowaena loiloi a i ʻole nā CDAG ma Palani, kekahi kauka a i ʻole ma ka home, a pēlā aku.).
Hiki ke noi ʻia i kahi kikoʻī:
- ma hope o ka moekolohe ʻole ʻia a i ʻole inā haki ka condom
- i kahi paʻa paʻa, e hoʻōki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pale pale
- i ka hihia o ka makemake no kahi keiki a i ʻole ka hōʻoia hāpai
- ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi syringe
- ma hope o kahi ulia hana o ka hōʻike ʻana i ke koko
- inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻōuli manaʻo o ka maʻi HIV a i ʻole kahi hōʻailona o kekahi maʻi maʻi i hoʻoili ʻia (e like me ka maʻi hepatitis C)
Ma Palani, ua paipai ka Haute Autorité de Santé i nā kauka e hāʻawi i ka hōʻike loiloi i nā poʻe āpau i nā makahiki 15 a 70 i ka wā e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻōnaehana olakino, ʻokoʻa ka hōʻike ʻana i ka lawe pilikia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hāʻawi pinepine ʻia kēia kānana.
Hoʻohui ʻia, pono ka loiloi i kēlā me kēia makahiki a i ʻole maʻamau i nā lehulehu e makaʻu i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi:
- nā kāne e moe me nā kāne
- heterosexual poʻe i loaʻa ka ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi hoa moekolohe i nā mahina he 12 i hala
- nā lehulehu o nā keʻena Palani o ʻAmelika (Antilles, Guyana).
- hoʻokomo i nā mea hoʻohana lāʻau
- nā poʻe mai kahi ākea kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Sub-Saharan ʻApelika a me ka Caribbean
- poʻe i ka hoʻokamakama
- ka poʻe i loaʻa i nā hoa kolohe i ka maʻi HIV
Lawe pū ʻia ia i ka manawa o ke kūkākūkā 1st i kēlā me kēia wahine hāpai, ma ke ʻano he mahele o ka loiloi biology i hoʻokō ʻia me ka ʻōnaehana.
ʻNinglelo Aʻo: ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i kahi pilikia, ʻaʻole hilinaʻi ka hōʻike no kekahi mau pule, no ka mea aia paha ka virus akā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia. Hiki, ke hala ma lalo o 48 mau hola i hala mai ka wā e lawe ana i ka makaʻu, e loaʻa ai ka pōmaikaʻi mai kahi lapaʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo "post-exposed" i hiki ke pale i ka maʻi. Hiki ke lawe ʻia i ka lumi pilikia o kekahi haukapila.
He aha nā hopena e hiki iā ʻoe ke kali mai kahi hōʻoia HIV?
Loaʻa nā hōʻike he nui e ʻike i ka maʻi HIV:
- by hoʻokahe koko i loko o kahi keʻena kino lapaʻau: hoʻokumu ʻia ka hōʻike ma ka ʻike ʻana i ke koko o nā anti-HIV anti-HIV, e ke ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo Elisa de 4e hanauna. Loaʻa nā hopena ma 1 a 3 mau lā. Hōʻike kahi hōʻike maikaʻi ʻole i ka maʻi ʻole o ke kanaka inā ʻaʻole lākou i lawe i kahi pōpilikia i nā pule he 6 i hala iho nei ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. ʻO kēia ka hōʻike benchmark pono loa.
- by hoʻāʻo hōʻike wikiwiki (TROD): hāʻawi kēia hōʻike wikiwiki i kahi hopena ma 30 mau minuke. Wikiwiki a maʻalahi hoʻi ia, hana pinepine ʻia me ke kulu koko i kou manamana lima, a i ʻole me ka lawai. ʻAʻole hiki ke unuhi i kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka hanana ʻana ma lalo o 3 mau mahina. I ka hopena o kahi hopena maikaʻi, koi ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua ʻano Elisa maʻamau e hōʻoia.
- par hoʻāʻo iho : like kēia mau hoʻokolohua me nā hoʻokolohua wikiwiki a makemake ʻia e hoʻohana ma ka home
He aha nā hopena e hiki iā ʻoe ke kali mai kahi hōʻoia HIV?
Kuhi ʻia kahi kanaka me ka maʻi ʻole inā he:
- he maikaʻi ʻole ka hōʻike loiloi ʻo Elisa i ʻeono pule ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka pilikia
- ʻo ka hoʻowalewale loiloi loiloi maikaʻi ʻole 3 mau mahina ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka makaʻu
Inā maikaʻi ka hōʻoia, ʻo ia hoʻi he maʻi maikaʻi ke kanaka, maʻi ʻia me ka maʻi HIV.
E hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻokele, pinepine pinepine ʻia ma ka cocktail o nā lāʻau anti-retroviral i manaʻo ʻia e kaupalena i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka maʻi ma ke kino.
Heluhelu pū kekahi: ʻO nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka maʻi HIV |