Contents
- Hoʻopaʻa ʻia no nā kāne like ʻole: paʻakikī i ka hana
- Homoparentality a kōkua hou ʻia: holomua i ke kānāwai bioethics o Iune 2021
- Homoparentality and surrogacy: kahi kūlana paʻakikī loa
- He ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka makua kānāwai a me ka makua pilikanaka
- Ma ke wikiō: He mea pilikia paha ka hānau ʻana i kōkua ʻia i ka wā hāpai?
Wahi a nā helu i waiho ʻia e ka Association of Gay and Lesbian Parents and Future Parents (APGL) ma 2018, aia he 200 a 000 mau keiki i hānai ʻia e ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi makua kāne kāne ma Farani. ʻOiai e noho pū ana ka hapa nui o kēia mau ʻohana kāne like he keiki mai kahi hui mua, hoʻolālā kekahi e hāpai a hoʻomaka i ʻohana me ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i ke kōkua (ART) a i ʻole ka surrogacy (Surrogacy).
Ma Kepakemapa 25, 2018, ua paʻi ʻo Ifop i nā hopena o kahi noiʻi e loiloi ana i ka makemake o nā keiki LGBT (lesbian-gay-bisexual-transsexual), i lawe ʻia no ka Association of Homoparental Families (ADFP). Lawe ʻia ma waena o 994 mau kāne kāne, bisexual a transexual paha, ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ma Farani, ʻO ka 52% o ka poʻe LGBT makemake lākou e loaʻa nā keiki i ko lākou ola. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ke noʻonoʻo nei nā kāne like ʻole i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke kōkua ʻana i ka hānau ʻana a i ʻole ka surrogacy, nā lula komo i hoʻololi ʻia e ka bila bioethics, apono ʻia e ka National Assembly ma Iune 29. 2021. ʻO wai ka mea hiki i kēia mau ala hoʻomaka ʻohana? Pehea ka unuhi ʻana o kēia mau ala e pili ana i ka makua kāne a me ke kūlana kānāwai o nā mākua kāne kāne? ʻO kā mākou pane kikoʻī.
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia no nā kāne like ʻole: paʻakikī i ka hana
Wahi a ka ʻatikala 346 o ke Kānāwai Kivila Farani, "ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokamai ʻia e nā mea ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi, koe wale nō na nā kāne ʻelua”. Mai ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ka male kīwila i nā kāne like ʻole, ua apono ʻia a paʻi ʻia kekahi kānāwai ma ka Official Journal ma Mei 18, 2013, no laila ua loaʻa i nā kāne male kāne ke kuleana e hoʻohana i ka hoʻokama.
Ma mua o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, a i ʻole ka male ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokama i ke kanaka hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole naʻe ma ke ʻano he kāne i ʻike ʻia.
No laila ke kānāwai ke keiki i lawe ʻia e ka kāne like ʻole ʻelua makua kāne a ʻelua makuahine, me ka maopopo o ka makua, a me ka mana o ka makua.
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, paʻakikī loa i nā kāne like ʻole ke hāpai i kahi keiki, inā wale nō ma muli o ka hōʻole ʻana o nā ʻāina he nui e ʻae iā lākou e hānai.
Inā ʻaʻole i male ka male kāne, hiki i kekahi o nā hoa ʻelua ke noi no ka hoʻokama ʻana ma ke ʻano he kanaka hoʻokahi. A laila ʻo ia wale nō ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he makua hānai a no laila nona kamana makua. Ma hope o ka male ʻana, hiki i ka wahine ke noi i ke keiki a kāna kāne.
E hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole i holoi ʻia ka 'mare no nā mea a pau' i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo maoli: inā loaʻa i kahi keiki kahi pilina makuahine a makua kāne paha, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pilina makuahine a makua kāne ʻē aʻe ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana.
Ma nā ʻōlelo kānāwai, ʻelua ʻano o ka hoʻokomo ʻana:
- hoʻokomo piha, ka mea e hā'awi i ke keiki i pili e pani ana i kona filiation mua, kona pili olaola;
- l'apono maalahi, ʻaʻole ia e holoi i nā mākua ola o ke keiki.
Homoparentality a kōkua hou ʻia: holomua i ke kānāwai bioethics o Iune 2021
La PMA no nā mea a pau, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia no nā wahine heterosexual akā ua hoʻonui ʻia i nā wahine hoʻokahi a i ʻole i ka pilina me ka wahine, he ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a ka moho Macron, a ua hāpai ʻia ma ka Pōʻalua, Iune 29, 2021 ma ka National Assembly. Ma hope o iwakāluakūmālua mahina o ke kūkākūkā ʻana, nā wahine hoʻokahi a me nā kāne male no laila e loaʻa i ka hana hou i kōkua ʻia.
E uku hou ʻia ʻo PMA e ka Social Security i nā wahine hoʻokahi a me nā kāne male ma ke ʻano like me nā kāne heterosexual a pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā pae makahiki like. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻano hana filiation kūikawā no nā wahine hoʻokahi: e pili ana ia ʻike hui mua, pono e hana i mua o ka notary i ka manawa like me ka ʻae ʻana i ka hāʻawi i koi ʻia no nā kāne a pau.
Akā ʻo ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hoʻohui ʻia nā wahine lesbian i ka papa inoa kali, i manaʻo ʻia ma 2021 ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki e loaʻa ai kahi hāʻawi o nā gametes, a no laila e hoʻomau mau ʻia. me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana hou ʻana ma waho, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā ʻāina e pili ana (Spain, Belgium, etc.). I ka manawa e hāpai ai kekahi o nā lālā ʻelua o ka male ma muli o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka sperm a me ke kōkua ʻana i ka hana hou ma waho, hiki i ka makuahine ʻōpio ke hāpai. ka ae ana i ke keiki hookama e kana wahine, hiki no ke keiki he hookahi makua kanawai. Ua hana ʻia kēia ʻano kūlana i nā manawa he nui ma Farani a ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he hoʻopunipuni kūʻē i ke kānāwai a he mea keakea i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana i loko o nā kāne like.
No laila, hana nā kāne male kāne makemake e hoʻomaka i ʻohana ma o WFP i kā lākou mea ponoʻī papahana makua ma nā ʻanuʻu ʻelua, kokua i ka hanau hou ma ka mua, ka hookama ana i ke keiki a ka wahine mahope iho.
Homoparentality and surrogacy: kahi kūlana paʻakikī loa
ʻO Surrogacy (Surrogacy), ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi makuahine pani, ua pāpā ʻia ma Farani, i nā kāne a pau. No laila ua pāpā ʻia nā kāne like ʻole e hoʻohana ana i ka surrogacy ma waho.
I ka hihia o ka male kāne kāne, ʻo ka wahine wale nō ka makua ola o ke keiki (ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea nāna i hāʻawi i kāna sperm no ka in vitro fertilization) ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka makua ola o ke keiki.
kahakaha i Ua hoʻāhewa ka ʻAha Kuleana o ʻEulopa iā Farani i ka makahiki 2014 no ka hōʻole ʻana i ke noi e kākau i nā palapala hānau o nā pēpē i hāpai ʻia e GPA ma waho. Manaʻo ʻo ia e hōʻole kēia hōʻole i ka pono o ke keiki, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi iā Farani e nānā i ke kūlana.
Wahi a ke kānāwai Farani, wale nō makua hānau a hānai paha ʻike ʻia ʻo ia nā mākua kānāwai o ke keiki. Penei mākou e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka makua kānāwai, 'o ia ho'i, 'o ka mea nona ka pilina olaola a i 'ole ho'ohana me ke keiki, a me ka pilikanaka makua, a makua manao, ʻaʻohe kūlana kānāwai e pili ana i ke keiki.
I loko o ka wahine, ʻo ka makua kaiapuni ka hoa kāne i hānau ʻole i ke keiki inā he ART a ʻaʻole i hoʻomau i ke kaʻina hana pili.
I loko o kahi kāne kāne i loaʻa i ka surrogacy, ʻo ka makua kaiapuni ka hoa kāne ʻaʻole ka makua kāne ola o ke keiki.
ʻOiai inā ua komo piha ʻo ia i ka papahana makua, ʻo kaʻAʻole kūpono ka makua pilikanaka i ke kānāwai. ʻAʻohe ona kuleana a kuleana ma luna o ke keiki a ʻaʻohe ona mana makua. ʻO kahi ʻūhā kānāwai i hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka make ʻana o ka makua kānāwai, a i ʻole ka kaʻawale ʻana o nā kāne o ka wahine hoʻokahi. ʻAʻole e hāʻawi ka makua kaiapuni i kekahi mea i kēia keiki ke make ʻo ia, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo ia i makua nona.
I kēlā me kēia lā, ʻike pū kēia makua pilikanaka i nā pilikia paʻa loa, e like me ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō i ka nā kaʻina hana hoʻomalu no ke keiki (ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ma ka nursery, ma ke kula, nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau, etc.).