Contents
Ua piha ke anatomy kanaka i na mea pohihihi. ʻO kekahi o lākou ka spleen.
E like me nā ʻōpū āpau ʻole, ʻo ka spleen, ma ke ʻano, pono e "huna" pono ʻia i loko o ke kino ma hope o nā ʻiʻo a me nā iwi. Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, kokoke loa ia i ka ʻili a no laila e maʻalahi ka ʻeha. ʻAʻohe hana kūʻokoʻa o ka spleen i hiki ʻole i nā kino ʻē aʻe ke hana. ʻAe, a hiki i ke kanaka ke ola me ka ʻole (ʻoiaʻiʻo, me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka nohona). Akā i ka manawa like, e mau ana ka spleen no kekahi kumu i nā vertebrates āpau. A ma Kina, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia - "ka lua o ka makuahine o ke kino."
He aha ke ʻano o ka spleen, hiki ke ʻeha, a pehea e mālama ʻia ai? Pane mākou i kēia a me nā nīnau ʻē aʻe me ka moho o ka ʻepekema lapaʻau, ke kauka lapaʻau maʻamau o ka māhele kiʻekiʻe me kahi loea i ka gastroenterology a me ka cardiology ʻo Yulia Esipenko.
He aha ka mea nui e ʻike e pili ana i ka spleen kanaka
| ʻAno a me ke kala | Oval (bean-shaped) palahalaha, ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele (ʻulaʻula). |
| ʻO ka nui o nā mākua | Fickle. Ma ka awelika, i loko: lōʻihi - 12-14 knm, laula - 8-9 knm, mānoanoa - 3-4 knm. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nui loa o ka ʻōnaehana pale. |
| Kaumaha makua | 150-200 g (i kekahi manawa hou aku). |
| hana | 1) ʻO ka spleen kekahi okana o ka ʻōnaehana pale, komo pū i ka hematopoiesis me ke kuamoʻo a me nā ʻōpū lymph. 2) Hoʻopuka i nā antibodies pale, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke koko o nā pathogens a me nā mea make, hoʻopau i nā ʻulaʻula kahiko a i ʻole i hōʻino ʻia.1. 3) Hoʻokomo i nā hana o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka mumū2. |
Aia i hea ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka
Aia ka spleen ma ka ʻaoʻao hema hema o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ma hope iki o ka ʻōpū, ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 9-11 iwi ʻaoʻao. ʻO ia hoʻi, inā ʻeha ma luna pono o ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka iwi ʻaoʻao hema, ʻo ia paha ka ʻāʻī e ʻike ai iā ia iho.
Ke nānā nei i kahi o nā kino, aia ka spleen ma waena o ka ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū hema a me ke kolon.
He aha ke ʻano o ka spleen kanaka a pehea e hana ai?
Ma waho, ua like ke ʻano o ke kanaka me ka pīni palahalaha: he ʻano oval elongated, ʻulaʻula ke kala (e like me ka mea pono no ka ʻōpū hematopoietic). Aia ka spleen i nā ʻāpana parenchymal: ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe lua i loko (e like me ka laʻana, i loko o ka ʻōpū), a ua kapa ʻia ka ʻiʻo hana he parenchyma. Ua like ia me ka sponge, a pau nā hana physiological i loko.
ʻO ka "pulp" o ka spleen he keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻulaʻula pulp. Hoʻopuka ka mea mua i nā pūnaewele B, nāna e hoʻopuka i nā antibodies pale, a me nā pūnaewele T, nāna e ʻike a hoʻopau i nā cell me nā antigens ʻē. Pono ka pulp ʻulaʻula no ka hoʻohou hou ʻana o ke koko (hoʻopau i nā erythrocytes kahiko a kīnā ʻole, komo i ka hana ʻana o ka hao), a hoʻoneʻe pū i nā maʻi ʻino me ke kōkua o nā macrophages a me granulocytes.4he waihona no nā leukocytes a me nā platelets. Ma ke ʻano he waihona, aia ka spleen i kahi aniani o ke koko, kahi e kipaku ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa i ka wā e pono ai.
ʻElua mau ʻili o ka spleen: diaphragmatic a me visceral. Aia ma ka hope nā ʻīpuka o ka spleen - kahi ʻano awa. Hele ka ʻaʻaʻa splenic ma ka ʻīpuka, kahi e komo ai ke koko i loko o ke kino, a puka aku ke aʻa splenic. ʻOhi ia i ke koko mai ka ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū, ka pancreas, a me ka omentum nui aʻe, a laila hui pū me nā veins mesenteric e hana i ka vein portal. Mai kēia wahi, komo ke koko me nā huahana palaho i ke ake no ka detoxification, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka hana hope.
No ke aha e ʻeha ai ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka
He mau aʻalolo ko kēia kino (no ka mea e hiki ai i ke kanaka ke ʻeha) aia i loko o ka capsule. No laila, hiki i ka spleen ke hōʻeha wale me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki5. Hiki ke hana kēia no nā kumu he nui.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻeha physiological, no ka laʻana, i ka wā a i ʻole ma hope o ka holo ʻana. Ma muli o ka ukana, piʻi nui ka nui o ke koko, ʻōloʻo ʻia ka spleen, a ʻike ʻia kēia mau ʻano ʻoluʻolu ma ka hypochondrium hema, kamaʻāina i nā mea he nui (e hoʻomanaʻo i nā haʻawina hoʻonaʻauao kino). I loko o nā wāhine hāpai,ʻo ka'ōpū, a me nā'ōpū'ē aʻe, ua "hoʻokaumahaʻia" e ka'ōpū i nā manawa hope, hiki ke hoʻoulu i kaʻeha.
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka spleen i nā hopena o nā loea lapaʻau: ʻeha pinepine ʻia ke kino i ka wā o ka hakakā a me nā hana kolohe. A ʻoiai aia ka spleen ma hope o nā iwi ʻaoʻao, aia ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻili, no laila hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia ʻaʻole wale me kahi mea kaua, akā me ka lima wale nō a i ka wā e hāʻule ai.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kumu pathological no ka ʻeha ma ka ʻāpana spleen. Hōʻike ʻia lākou ʻaʻole wale e ka ʻeha, akā me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe. E kamaʻilio kākou no lākou.
Ua ʻae ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kanaka hoʻokahi wale nō spleen. Akā aia kekahi mau hihia maʻamau o ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻiʻo: ma waho, ua like ia me nā "mini-spleens". Ua kapa ʻia lākou ma ka ʻepekema - accessory spleens.3. ʻO ka pilikia ʻoiai ʻoiai ko lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (maʻamau a hiki i 2 knm), hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopaʻa i nā kīʻaha koko, e hoʻopilikia maikaʻi i ke olakino.
ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka spleen
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole naʻe ka ʻōpū ma muli o nā ligaments e paʻa ana. Akā i kekahi manawa, no ka laʻana, ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kino, nāwaliwali ka mea ligamentous, a hiki i ka spleen ke hoʻololi a wili. ʻO Volvulus o ka spleen ka ʻano pōʻino loa o ka neʻe ʻana, no ka mea hiki ke alakaʻi i ka thrombosis a i ʻole necrosis o nā ʻiʻo o ke kino (necrosis).
ʻO ke kanaka me ka ʻāʻī i hoʻoneʻe ʻia e manaʻo i ka ʻeha ma muli o ka haʻalulu o nā ligaments a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kaʻina hana.
ʻO ka thrombosis o ka vein splenic
E kū'ē i ka hope o nā maʻi pancreatic a i ʻole nā maʻi maʻi, ma hope o nā hōʻeha, hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia kahi hoʻopiʻi e like me ka thrombosis o ka splenic vein. Akā i kekahi manawa e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke koko i ka lumen o ka vein ma o lākou iho, me ka ʻole o nā pilikia ma mua.
Me ka paʻa piha ʻana o ke kīʻaha koko, pau ke kahe o ke koko mai ka spleen, piʻi ka nui o ke kino.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻo ia ka hele mua ʻana me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia e ke kanaka. Ma hope, aia ka ʻeha a me ke kaumaha ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, i kekahi manawa piʻi ka wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēia keʻano o ka hōʻikeʻana o ke kaʻina hana inflammatory iā ia iho. I kekahi manawa aia kahi maʻi hemorrhagic: nosebleeds, luaʻi me ke koko.
I nā hōʻailona mua, pono ʻoe e nīnau i ke kauka: pono ʻoe e hoʻōki i ke koko i mea e pale ai i nā pilikia.
ʻO ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka ʻōpū
Hoʻopili ʻia kēia maʻi me ka uhaki ʻana i ke kahe koko: i ka wā lōʻihi ʻaʻole kahe maikaʻi ke koko i kekahi a i ʻole kekahi wahi, e make mālie. Hana ʻia kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole pili nā lālā o ke aʻaʻa splenic kekahi i kekahi a ʻaʻole hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kahe koko i ka wā o ka "hane".
Hiki i ka infarction o ka spleen ke hōʻike:
- ʻeha ma ka hypochondrium hema, e hoʻomālamalama ana i ka poʻohiwi hema (hoʻonui ʻia e ka inhalation);
- hu'ihu'i, subfebrile fever6.
Wahi a nā hōʻailona, hiki ke huikau ka splenic infarction me ka maʻi pancreatitis a i ʻole pyelonephritis. Akā i kekahi mau hihia, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻeha puʻuwai.
Neoplasms
ʻO ka cyst he lua ʻino i loko o ka spleen hiki ke hānau ʻia a loaʻa paha (no ka laʻana, ma hope o ka trauma a i ʻole nā maʻi parasitic). Hiki ke nui nā neoplasms i loko o hoʻokahi kino. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona no ka manawa lōʻihi a hiki i ka piʻi ʻana o ka cyst (a i ʻole cysts) i ka nui. He haʻahaʻa ka ʻeha. Ma waena o nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe: ke kaumaha ma ka hypochondrium hema, nāwaliwali, nā maʻi urination, nā hoʻololi stool.
Inā ʻaʻohe pilikia, a ʻaʻole ulu wikiwiki ka cyst, a laila ʻaʻole pono ka mālama ʻana - akā pono ke nānā mau ʻia. I nā hihia paʻakikī, hiki i nā koho like ʻole, a hiki i ka wehe ʻana.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā neoplasms ʻē aʻe: benign (no ka laʻana, hemangiomas, lipomas) a me ka malignant.
ʻO ka luhi, ke kaumaha kumu ʻole, ka ʻeha a me ke kaumaha ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, ka pau ʻana o ka ʻai a me ke kaumaha koke - pono e nānā ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona a nīnau koke i ke kauka.
ʻAi
He lua i piha i ka pus i loko o ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ka maʻamau, ulu ka abscess ma ke ʻano he complication o kekahi maʻi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kumu paha he maʻi, ʻehaʻeha (ke hoʻomaka ka ʻeha ʻana o ka hematoma), a i ʻole ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka spleen. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻeha, hiki i nā hōʻailona ke komo i ke kuni, ke anuanu, a me ka hou.
Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ke ʻano o ke kanaka?
No kekahi hoʻololi i ke olakino, pono ʻoe e nīnau i ke kauka. No ka hoʻomaka ʻana, e ʻike i ke kauka. E nānā ke kauka, e kuhikuhi i nā hoʻokolohua a me nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe, inā pono, e kuhikuhi i kahi loea haiki. Pono paha ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua laboratory, ultrasound, fluoroscopy, computed tomography.
Ma hope o ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o ka hōʻailona, e kuhikuhi ke kauka i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka Conservative therapy, ʻo ka mea mua, hāʻawi i ka maluhia a me ke anu ma ka ʻāpana o ka hypochondrium hema. ʻO ke koena e pili ana i ka maʻi.
Nā Hana
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka mālama conservative. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kuhikuhi wale ʻia e ke kauka a e like me nā hōʻailona.
No ka laʻana, me kahi abscess i ʻike ʻia, ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau antibacterial ākea ākea i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻano hana o ka mālama ʻana.
Splenopexy
Ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka spleen me ka ʻole o nā pilikia (ma ke ʻano o nā scars a i ʻole necrosis), hana ʻia kahi hana e hoʻopili ai i ke kino i ka diaphragm. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua humuhumu ʻia ka spleen i ʻole e neʻe a puni ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū e pale aku i ka pilikia o ka wili.
Hoʻoiho
Hana ʻia ka hana inā pono ke ʻoki ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna a i lalo paha o ka spleen, a i ka manawa like hiki ke mālama i ke kino. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka spleen, no ka laʻana, me kahi maʻi maʻi benign.
Kāpena
ʻO kēia ka inoa o ka hana e wehe i ka ʻōpū. ʻO nā hōʻailona no kēia he mau maʻi like ʻole a me nā anomalies (no ka laʻana, ka neʻe ʻana o kahi kino i hoʻonāukiuki i ka volvulus a me ka necrosis).
Hiki ke ola me ka ʻole o ka spleen: ʻo nā hana nui o ke kino e "disassemble" i ke ake a me nā lymph nodes i waena o lākou. Akā i ka manawa like, piʻi ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi weliweli, e like me ka meningococcus a me ka pneumococcus. No laila, ʻōlelo ʻia ka poʻe i wehe ʻia ko lākou ʻōpū no kekahi kumu e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā maʻi he nui, me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi.4.
Nā Hana ʻē aʻe no ka Spleen
Ma muli o ka hōʻailona, pono paha nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole.
Pono paha nā abscesses a me kekahi mau cysts i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana. Ma kahi puka liʻiliʻi, hoʻokomo ke kauka i kahi paipu wai i loko o ke kino, kahi e wehe ʻia ai nā mea o ka lua a mālama ʻia me kahi hopena antiseptic.
Inā ʻike ʻia ka maʻi kanesa, hiki i ke kauka ke kauoha i ka chemotherapy a/a i ʻole radiation therapy. Akā, i ka wā mua wale nō. ʻO ka pae 3 a me 4 o ka oncology e pili ana i ka wehe wale ʻana o ka spleen.
Pehea e mālama pono ai i kou ʻōpū ma ka home
ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi o ka spleen e pili ana i nā ʻōlelo paipai no ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino. ʻO kēia ka meaʻai kaulike me ka nui o nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai, kahi ola hana, ka nele o nā hana maikaʻi ʻole. Akā aia kekahi mau lula kikoʻī e pono ai ʻoe e hahai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake e hele i ke kauka.
- Hoʻoikaika kūpono. He mea pono ke neʻe, no ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke pale i ka stagnation i ke kino. Akā, he mea nui e hahai i nā lula palekana - e hoʻomanaʻo he palupalu ka spleen, maʻalahi ke hōʻino.
- Nā lole e like me ke aniau a me ka nui. Hiki i ka spleen ke hana i ka hypothermia, akā hiki ke pale ʻia kēia ma ke komo ʻana i nā lole kūpono i ka wā anuanu a me ka makani. I ka manawa like, pono ka lole i ka nui, ʻaʻole paʻa loa: hiki i nā kāʻei a me nā kāʻei ke hoʻopilikia i ke kahe koko.
- E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ka detox. E ʻoluʻolu ka ʻōpū inā inu ʻoe i ka wai maʻemaʻe i kēlā me kēia lā (ʻo ia hoʻi ka wai, ʻaʻole ke kī, kofe a me ka wai). He mea nui hoʻi e hoʻolohe i ke ʻano o nā meaʻai āu e ʻai ai (pono e mālama ʻia nā E-Necks ʻokoʻa i ka liʻiliʻi). Mai hōʻino i nā lāʻau lapaʻau: hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻia kekahi "chemistry" i ke kūlana o ka spleen a me kāna mau moku.
Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana
Pehea e ʻike ai i nā pilikia mua me ka spleen, a me nā nīnau kaulana ʻē aʻe i pane ʻia ka moho o ka ʻepekema lapaʻau, ke kauka lapaʻau maʻamau o ka māhele kiʻekiʻe loa me kahi loea i ka gastroenterology a me ka cardiology Yuliya Esipenko.
ʻO wai ke kauka e mālama i ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka?
He aha nā hōʻailona mua o nā pilikia spleen?
Aia kekahi maʻi e pili ana i ka spleen - he cirrhosis o ke ake. Aia kahi maʻi hepatolienal, i ʻike ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua koko, e hōʻike ana hoʻi i ka piʻi ʻana o ka spleen. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole paha e ʻeha ke kanaka ponoʻī a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki i ke kauka ke hōʻoia i kahi maʻi ma muli o nā hopena o nā hoʻokolohua a me kahi hoʻokolokolo piha.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, i ka wā e pili ana i nā pilikia o ka'ōpū, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kekahiʻanoʻeha ma hope o kahi mea blunt i ka'ōpū a iʻole ka hāʻule. He aha ka mea: haki ka capsule i ka hopena, hiki mai ke koko nui. ʻO ka hōʻailona, e hōʻike ana kēia iā ia iho penei: huli ke kanaka i ka haʻalulu, ka wela, ka wikiwiki o kona puʻuwai, a me kēia mau mea a pau i ke kua o ka ʻeha ʻoi o ka ʻōpū. Pono kēia kūlana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau wikiwiki. No laila, inā loaʻa kekahi ʻeha, noʻonoʻo mua mākou i ka spleen.
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo koko maʻamau e kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā pilikia ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka emi ʻana o ka hemoglobin, ka piʻi a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā leukocytes, platelets.
He aha nā meaʻai maikaʻi no ka ʻōpū?
Pehea ka loli ʻana o ke ola o ke kanaka ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o ka ʻāʻī?
I ka wā ma hope o ka hana mua, aia paha kekahi mau pilikia, i hōʻike ʻia e ke kuni, hoʻonui i ka ʻeha, a me ke koko.
Ma hope o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ka spleen, he mea nui ia e nānā i kou olakino. Manaʻo ʻia nā kaʻina hana hoʻoikaika maʻamau, me ka paʻakikī o ke kino, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi influenza. Pono ʻoe i kekahi manawa ma hope o ka hana (ma kahi o 2-3 mau makahiki) e nānā ʻia e ka hematologist i mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka lāʻau. Hiki ke kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pale ai i ka thrombosis, no ka mea ʻo kēia ka hoʻopiʻi weliweli loa e kū mai ana ma hope o ka wehe ʻana o ka spleen.
Eia naʻe, hiki i ke kanaka me ka ʻōpū i wehe ʻia ke ola maʻamau, kamaʻilio me nā kānaka a pāʻani hoʻi i nā haʻuki.
Kumuwaiwai o:
- ʻO ke ʻano a me ka hana o ka spleen. ʻO Reina E. Mebius, Georg Kraal // Hōʻike i ke kūlohelohe i ka immunology. HKH: https://www.nature.com/articles/nri1669
- Ka ʻike ʻana o nā Monocytes Reservoir Splenic a me kā lākou hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā wahi inflammatory. ʻO Filip K. Swirski, Matthias Nahrendorf, Martin Etzrodt, nā mea ʻē aʻe // Science. 2009. 325(5940). 612–616. HKH: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803111/
- ʻO ka ʻāʻī ʻokoʻa e hoʻohālike ana i ka ʻōpū retroperitoneal ʻaoʻao ʻākau. TA Britvin, NA Korsakova, DV Undercut // Bulletin of Surgery. 2017. HKH: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/dobavochnaya-selezyonka-imitiruyuschaya-pravostoronnyuyu-zabryushinnuyu-opuhol/viewer
- Nānā o ka Spleen. Harry S. Jacob // MSD Manual. HKH: https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/professional/hematology-and-oncology/spleen-disorders/overview-of-the-spleen
- ʻO ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū: ka hōʻailona ʻokoʻa, nā ala lapaʻau hiki. HE. Minushkin // RMJ. 2002. No. 15. HKH: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/gastroenterologiya/Abdominalynaya_boly_differencialynaya_diagnostika_vozmoghnye_lechebnye_podhody/
- ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana no nā maʻi o ka ʻāʻī. Kokua aʻo. AV Bolshov, V.Ya. Khryshchanovich // BSMU Minsk. 2015. HKH: http://rep.bsmu.by/bitstream/handle/BSMU/7986/366534-%D0%B1%D1%80..pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y