IE Repin
Ma waena o nā mea pena kiʻi i manaʻo pono ʻia i waena o ka hui o Tolstoy a lilo i poʻe mālama i kāna mau aʻo ʻana, a me ka vegetarianism, ʻo ka mea kaulana loa ʻo Ilya Efimovich Repin (1844-1930).
Ua mahalo ʻo Tolstoy iā Repin ma ke ʻano he kanaka a he mea pena kiʻi, ʻaʻole ka mea liʻiliʻi no kona ʻano kūlohelohe a me kāna naivety. Ma Iulai 21, 1891, ua kākau ʻo ia iā NN Ge (makua kāne a me kāna keiki): "He kanaka noʻeau maikaʻi ʻo Repin, akā maʻa loa, ʻaʻole i hoʻopā ʻia, a ʻaʻole paha ʻo ia e ala aʻe."
Ua ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo Repin ma ke ʻano he kākoʻo o ka nohona meaʻai meaʻai. ʻO kekahi o ia ʻano haʻiʻōlelo i loaʻa ma kahi leka āna i kākau ai iā I. Perper, ka mea hoʻopuka o ka Vegetarian Review, ma hope iki o ka make ʻana o Tolstoy.
"Ma Astapovo, i ka manawa i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Lev Nikolayevich a hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i kahi aniani o ka oatmeal me ka yolk no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, makemake wau e hoʻōho mai ʻaneʻi: ʻAʻole kēlā! ʻAʻole kēlā! E hāʻawi iā ia i ka hupa lāʻau ʻono maikaʻi (a i ʻole mauʻu maikaʻi me ka clover). ʻO ia ka mea e hoʻihoʻi hou ai i kona ikaika! Ke noʻonoʻo nei au i ka ʻakaʻaka o nā luna hanohano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka mea maʻi no ka hapalua hola a me ka hilinaʻi i ka waiwai o nā hua manu ...
A hauʻoli wau i ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana i kahi mahina meli o nā broths meaʻai momona a ʻono. Manaʻo wau i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka wai maikaʻi o nā mea kanu, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke koko a loaʻa ka hopena hoʻōla loa i ka vascular sclerosis i hoʻomaka mua loa. I ka makahiki 67, me ka pōmaikaʻi a me ka manaʻo e ʻai nui, ua loaʻa iaʻu nā maʻi koʻikoʻi, ka hoʻokaumaha, ke kaumaha, a me kekahi ʻano ʻole o ka ʻōpū (ʻoi loa ma hope o ka ʻiʻo). A ʻo ka nui o kāna ʻai ʻana, ʻoi aku ka pōloli o loko. Pono e haʻalele i kaʻiʻo - uaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ua hoʻololi au i nā hua manu, ka pata, ka paʻakai, ka cereals. ʻAʻole: Ua momona au, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke wehe hou i koʻu mau kāmaʻa mai koʻu mau wāwae; ʻAʻole paʻa nā pihi i nā momona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia: paʻakikī ke hana… A i kēia manawa nā kauka Lamana lāua ʻo Pasco (me he mea lā mai ka poʻe amateurs) – ʻo kēia koʻu mau mea hoʻōla a me nā mea hoʻomālamalama. Ua aʻo ʻo NB Severova iā lākou a haʻi mai iaʻu i kā lākou mau manaʻo.
Huakaʻi ʻia i waho (ua waiho ʻia ka ʻiʻo). — Salama! Nani ka nani! He aha ke ola (me ka ʻaila ʻoliva!). ʻO kahi hupa i hana ʻia mai ka mauʻu, mai nā aʻa, mai nā mea kanu - ʻo ia ka elixir o ke ola. ʻO nā huaʻai, ka waina ʻulaʻula, nā hua maloʻo, nā ʻoliva, nā prunes… Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa inoa i nā mea nani a pau o ka papaʻaina? Akā, he mea leʻaleʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua ʻike kaʻu keiki ʻo Yuri lāua ʻo NB Severova i ka manaʻo like. Ua piha ka māʻona no 9 mau hola, ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake e ʻai a inu paha, ua emi nā mea a pau – hiki iā ʻoe ke hanu me ka manuahi.
Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei au i nā makahiki 60: makemake nui i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻiʻo o Liebig (proteins, proteins), a i ka makahiki 38, ua lilo ʻo ia i ʻelemakule decrepit i nalowale i ka hoihoi i ke ola.
Hauʻoli wau i hiki iaʻu ke hana hou me ka ʻoliʻoli a ua noa koʻu mau lole a me nā kāmaʻa a pau ma luna oʻu. ʻO nā momona, nā puʻupuʻu e puka mai ana mai luna mai o nā ʻiʻo pehu, ua pau; Ua hou koʻu kino a ua ʻoi aku koʻu hoʻomanawanui i ka hele wāwae, ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma ka haʻuki a ʻoi aku ka lanakila ma ka hana noʻeau - hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou. Ilya Repin.
Ua hālāwai ʻo Repin me Tolstoy i ka lā 7 ʻOkakopa, 1880, i kona kipa ʻana iā ia ma kahi hale kiʻi ma Bolshoy Trubny Lane ma Moscow. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pilina pili ma waena o lāua; Noho pinepine ʻo Repin ma Yasnaya Polyana, a i kekahi manawa no ka manawa lōʻihi; ua hana ʻo ia i ka "Repin series" kaulana o nā kiʻi pena a me nā kiʻi o Tolstoy, a me kekahi hapa o kona ʻohana. I Ianuali 1882, ua pena ʻo Repin i ke kiʻi o Tatyana L. Tolstaya ma Moscow, i ʻApelila o ia makahiki ʻo ia i kipa aku ai iā Tolstoy ma laila; ʻApelila 1, 1885 Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Tolstoy i kahi leka i ke kiʻi pena ʻo Repin "Ivan the Terrible and His Son" - he loiloi i ʻike ʻia, hauʻoli nui iā Repin. A ʻo nā kiʻi pena hou aʻe na Repin e hoʻohauʻoli ai iā Tolstoy. ʻO Ianuali 4, 1887 ʻO Repin, me Garshin, aia ma Moscow i ka heluhelu ʻana i ka pāʻani "The Power of Darkness". ʻO ka huakaʻi mua a Repin iā Yasnaya Polyana mai ʻAukake 9 a 16, 1887. Mai ʻAukake 13 a ʻAukake 15, pena ʻo ia i ʻelua mau kiʻi o ka mea kākau: "Tolstoy ma kāna pākaukau" (i kēia lā ma Yasnaya Polyana) a me "Tolstoy i kahi noho lima me he puke ma kona lima” (i kēia lā ma Tretyakov Gallery). Ua kākau ʻo Tolstoy iā PI Biryukov i kēia manawa ua hiki iā ia ke mahalo nui iā Repin. I Kepakemapa, pena ʻo Repin, e pili ana i nā kiʻi kiʻi i hana ʻia ma Yasnaya Polyana, ka pena kiʻi "LN Tolstoy ma ka ʻāina mahiʻai. I ʻOkakopa, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Tolstoy iā Repin i mua o NN Ge: "Aia ʻo Repin, ua pena ʻo ia i kahi kiʻi maikaʻi. <…> he kanaka ola a ulu. I Pepeluali 1888, kākau ʻo Tolstoy iā Repin me kahi noi e kākau i ʻekolu kiʻi no nā puke kūʻē i ka ʻona, i paʻi ʻia e ka hale hoʻopuka Posrednik.
Mai Iune 29 a Iulai 16, 1891, aia hou ʻo Repin ma Yasnaya Polyana. Ua pena ʻo ia i nā kiʻi pena "Tolstoy i loko o ke keʻena ma lalo o nā pā" a me "Tolstoy kāmaʻa ʻole i ka nahele", ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻohālike ʻo ia i ka bust o Tolstoy. I kēia manawa, ma waena o Iulai 12 a me 19, ua kākau ʻo Tolstoy i ka paʻi mua o The First Step. Ma Iulai 20, haʻi ʻo ia iā II Gorbunov-Posadov: "I loko o kēia manawa ua hoʻopilikia ʻia au e nā malihini - ʻo Repin, ma ke ala, akā ua hoʻāʻo wau ʻaʻole e hoʻopau i nā lā, he kakaikahi, a neʻe i mua i ka hana, a kākau ma ke kiʻi. ka ʻatikala holoʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka vegetarianism, gluttony, abstinence. Ma Iulai 21, ʻōlelo ʻia kahi leka iā Ge ʻelua: “ʻO Repin me mākou i kēia manawa a pau, ua noi ʻo ia iaʻu e hele mai <…>. Ua kākau ʻo Repin iaʻu i loko o ka lumi a ma ka pā a kālai ʻia. <…> Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻūhā o Repin a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a maikaʻi <…>.
Ma ka lā 12 o Kepakemapa, ma kahi leka iā NN Ge-son, ua haʻi ʻo Tolstoy i ka pīhoihoi:
“Nani ka ʻakaʻaka ʻo Repin. Kākau ʻo ia i nā leka iā Tanya [Tatyana Lvovna Tolstaya], kahi i hoʻokuʻu ai ʻo ia iā ia iho mai ka mana maikaʻi iā ia e noho pū me mākou. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo Repin, ka mea i ʻike maopopo ʻole e hana ana ʻo Tolstoy ma ka Papa Mua, ua kākau ʻo ia iā Tatyana Lvovna ma ʻAukake 9, 1891: "He mea ʻai meaʻai au me ka hauʻoli, hana wau, akā ʻaʻole wau i hana maikaʻi loa." A ma ʻAukake 20, ʻōlelo hou kekahi leka: "Pono wau e haʻalele i ka vegetarianism. ʻAʻole makemake ka Nature e ʻike i kā mākou mau pono. Ma hope o koʻu palapala ʻana iā ʻoe, i ka pō ua haʻalulu koʻu haʻalulu a i ke kakahiaka aʻe ua hoʻoholo wau e kauoha i kahi steak - a ua hala. I kēia manawa, ʻai au i waena. No ke aha, paʻakikī ma ʻaneʻi: ʻino ka ea, margarine ma kahi o ka pata, a pēlā aku. ʻAe, inā hiki iā mākou ke neʻe i kahi [mai St. Petersburg]! ʻAʻole naʻe i kēia manawa. Aneane pau na palapala a Repin i kela manawa ia Tatyana Lvovna. Ua hauʻoli ʻo ia e lilo ʻo ia i kuleana no ka ʻoihana kiʻi o ka hale hoʻopuka Posrednik.
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o Repin i kahi ʻano meaʻai meaʻai no ka manawa lōʻihi he neʻe ia e like me ke ʻano "ʻelua ʻanuʻu i mua - hoʻokahi hope": "Ua ʻike ʻoe, kaumaha, ua hiki iaʻu i ka hopena hope ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke noho me ka ʻai ʻole. Ina makemake au e ola kino, pono au e ai i ka io; me ka ʻole, hoʻomaka koke ke kaʻina o ka make i kēia manawa noʻu, e like me kou ʻike ʻana mai iaʻu ma kāu hālāwai ʻoluʻolu. Aole au i manaoio no ka manawa loihi; a ma keia ala a me ka'u i hoao ai ia'u iho a ike au he mea hiki ole ke ole. ʻAe, ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole kūpono ka hoʻomana Karistiano no ke kanaka ola.
Ua pili ka pilina me Tolstoy i ia mau makahiki. Ua hāʻawiʻo Tolstoy iā Repin i kahi'āpana no ke kākauʻana i ka pena "Recruiting Recruits"; Ua kākau ʻo Repin iā Tolstoy e pili ana i ka kūleʻa o ka pāʻani ʻo The Fruits of Enlightenment me ka lehulehu: "ʻO nā kauka, nā ʻepekema a me nā poʻe naʻauao āpau e kāhea kūʻē i ke poʻo inoa <...> Akā ʻo ka poʻe hoʻolohe ... hauʻoli i ka hale keaka, ʻakaʻaka a hāʻule ʻoe a hoʻomanawanui. ka nui o ka papa hoʻonaʻauao e pili ana i ke ola kūlanakauhale. " Mai Pepeluali 21 a hiki i Pepeluali 24, 1892, e kipa ana ʻo Repin iā Tolstoy ma Begichevka.
Ma ka lā 4 o ʻApelila, hele hou mai ʻo Repin i Yasnaya Polyana, a ma Ianuali 5, 1893, ke pena ʻo ia i ke kiʻi o Tolstoy i ka pena wai no ka makasina Sever. Mai Ianuali 5 a hiki i 7, ʻo Repin hou ma Yasnaya Polyana, nīnau iā Tolstoy e pili ana i ka pā. Ua kākau ʻo Tolstoy iā Chertkov: "ʻO kekahi o nā manaʻo maikaʻi loa o nā manawa i hala iho nei ʻo ia kahi hālāwai me Repin."
A mahalo ʻo Repin i ka ʻatikala a Tolstoy He aha ke kiʻi? I ka lā 9 o Kekemapa o ia makahiki, ua kipa ʻo Repin a me ka mea kālai ʻo Paolo Trubetskoy iā Tolstoy.
ʻApelila 1, 1901 kiʻi ʻo Repin i kahi pena wai ʻē aʻe o Tolstoy. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hauʻoli loa i ka pena hou ʻana o Repin i kāna kiʻi, akā ʻaʻole makemake e hōʻole iā ia.
I Mei 1891, ma ka luna o ka Peter and Paul Fortress ma St. Petersburg, ua hui mua ʻo Repin me Natalya Borisovna Nordman (1863-1914), me ka inoa inoa o ka mea kākau ʻo Severov - i ka makahiki 1900 e lilo ʻo ia i wahine nāna. Ma kāna mau memo, ua wehewehe ʻo NB Severova i kēia hālāwai mua, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "The First Meeting". I ʻAukake i ka makahiki 1896, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Talashkino, nona ke Kamāliʻiwahine MK Tenisheva, he mea hoʻomalu kiʻi kiʻi, ua hui hou ʻia ma waena o Nordman a me Repin. ʻO Nordman, ma hope o ka make ʻana o kona makuahine, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻāpana ma Kuokkala ma ke komohana ʻākau o St. Aia ma waena o lākou ke keena o ka mea pena (no Repin). Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "Penates". I ka makahiki 1903, noho mau loa ʻo Repin ma laila.
Mai ka makahiki 1900, mai ka male ʻana o Repin me NB Nordman-Severova, ua emi a emi iki kāna mau kipa ʻana iā Tolstoy. Akā e ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o kāna meaʻai meaʻai. Ua hōʻike ʻo Repin i kēia i ka makahiki 1912 ma kāna ʻatikala no kēlā "album" o ka canteen Tashkent "Toothless Nutrition", i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke moʻolelo Vegetarian Review no 1910-1912. i kekahi mau hope; i ka manawa like, ua hana hou ʻia nā hōʻike ʻē aʻe, ʻelua makahiki ma mua, ma hope koke o ka make ʻana o Tolstoy, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi leka iā I. Perper (e nānā i luna, p. yy):
"I kēlā me kēia manawa ua mākaukau wau e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke Akua ua lilo wau i mea ʻai meaʻai. ʻO kaʻu hana mua ma kahi o 1892; ʻelua makahiki - ua hāʻule wau a maule ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka luhi. ʻO ka lua he 2 1/2 mau makahiki, ma nā kūlana maikaʻi loa, a ua hoʻopau ʻia ma ke koi ʻana o ke kauka, nāna i pāpā i koʻu hoaaloha [ie ENB Nordman] e lilo i mea ʻai meaʻai: "pono ka ʻiʻo" e hānai i nā māmā maʻi. Ua ho'ōki au i ka hele ʻana i ka meaʻai "no ka hui", a, no ka makaʻu e lilo i ʻeleʻele, ua hoʻāʻo wau e ʻai e like me ka mea hiki, a ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā cheeses, cereals; ua hoʻomaka ka momona a hiki i ke kaumaha - he mea ʻino: ʻekolu manawa ka ʻai, me nā kīʻaha wela.
ʻO ke kolu o ka manawa ʻo ia ka ʻike a me ka hoihoi, mahalo i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā hua (ka meaʻai ʻino loa), hoʻopau ʻia nā cheeses. ʻO nā aʻa, nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai, nā nati. ʻO nā sopa a me nā broths i hana ʻia mai nā ʻupena a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe a me nā aʻa e hāʻawi i kahi ala maikaʻi loa a me ka ikaika o ke ola a me ka hana ... Akā, aia hou wau i kahi kūlana ola kūikawā: he talena koʻu hoaaloha no ka noʻonoʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo e hana i nā kīʻaha ʻono maikaʻi ʻole. ʻōpala o ke aupuni mea kanu. Mahalo kaʻu mau malihini a pau i kaʻu mau ʻahaʻaina haʻahaʻa me ka mahalo a ʻaʻole lākou i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole pepehi ʻia ka papaʻaina a he ʻuʻuku loa.
Hoʻopiha au i kahi pāʻina ʻelua papa ma ka hola 1 pm no ka lā holoʻokoʻa; a ma ka hapalua o ka hora 8 wale no ka'u mea ai anu: letus, oliva, haloi, hua, a ma ke ano nui, he wahi uuku. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa ka hauʻoli o ke kino.
Manaʻo wau ʻaʻole ma mua; aʻo ka mea nui loa, ua nalowale wau i nā momona nui a pau, a ua lilo nāʻaʻahu i nā mea āpau, akā ma mua o kaʻoi aku o ka paʻa; a ua paʻakikī wau i ke komo ʻana i koʻu kāmaʻa. ʻEkolu kona ʻai ʻana i nā kīʻaha wela o kēlā me kēia ʻano a me ka pōloli i nā manawa a pau; a i ke kakahiaka he mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i loko o ka ʻōpū. Ua hana maikaʻi ʻole nā puʻupaʻa mai ka pepa aʻu i maʻa ai, ua hoʻomaka wau e ulu nui a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka makahiki 65 mai ka ʻai nui.
I kēia manawa, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke Akua, ua lilo wau i māmā a, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke kakahiaka, ʻike wau i ka hou a me ka hauʻoli i loko. A loaʻa iaʻu kahi makemake kamaliʻi - a i ʻole, he ʻōpio: ʻai wau i nā mea āpau me ka leʻaleʻa, e pale wale i ka hoʻonui. Ilya Repin.
I ʻAukake 1905, ua huakaʻi ʻo Repin me kāna wahine i Italia. Ma Krakow, penaʻo ia i kāna kiʻi, a ma Italia, ma ke kūlanakauhaleʻo Fasano ma luna o Lago di Garda, ma ka papahele ma mua o ka māla - kekahi kiʻi - ua manaʻoʻiaʻo ia ke kiʻi maikaʻi loa o Natalya Borisovna.
Mai ka 21 a i ka 29 Kepakemapa e noho ana lāua ma Yasnaya Polyana; Ua pena ʻo Repin i kahi kiʻi o Tolstoy lāua ʻo Sofya Andreevna. ʻO Nordman-Severova ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope e hāʻawi i kahi wehewehe ʻike o kēia mau lā. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻaʻole ʻai ʻo Repin i ka ʻiʻo no nā makahiki ʻelua a me ka hapa, akā i kēia manawa ke hana nei ʻo ia i kekahi manawa, no ka mea, ua kuhikuhi nā kauka i ka ʻiʻo iā Natalya Borisovna, inā ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli ʻia ʻo ia e ʻai. Ma Iulai 10, 1908, ua paʻi ʻia kahi leka hāmama, kahi i hōʻike ai ʻo Repin i kona hui pū ʻana me ka hōʻike a Tolstoy e kūʻē i ka hoʻopaʻi make: "ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke noho mālie."
ʻO ka huakaʻi hope loa o Repin lāua ʻo NB Nordman iā Yasnaya Polyana i mālama ʻia ma Dekemaba 17 a me 18, 1908. Ua paʻa pū ʻia kēia hālāwai ma kahi wehewehe ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia e Nordman. I ka lā haʻalele, lawe ʻia ke kiʻi hui hope o Tolstoy lāua ʻo Repin.
I Ianuali 1911, kākau ʻo Repin i kāna mau memo e pili ana iā Tolstoy. Mai Malaki a Iune, ʻo ia, me Nordman, aia ma Italia ma ka hōʻike honua, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai kahi hale kūikawā i kāna mau kiʻi pena.
Mai Nowemapa 1911, ua lilo ʻo Repin i lālā kūhelu o ka papa hoʻoponopono o ka Vegetarian Review, e noho ʻo ia a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka puke pai ma Mei 1915. lumi ʻaina meaʻai i kapa ʻia ʻo "Moscow Vegetarian Dining Room":
"Ma mua o ka Kalikimaka, makemake nui au iā Moscow, kahi aʻu i hoʻonohonoho ai i kā mākou 40th Travelling Exhibition. Nani kona nani! Pehea ka nui o ka malamalama i ke ahiahi! A he aha ka nui o na hale hanohano hou i ulu mai; ʻAe, aia nā mea a pau i kahi ʻano hou! – A, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā hale nani nani… Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike, nā hale kūʻai no nā kaʻaahi… A, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke ahiahi, hehee kēia mau trams me ka hum, crackle, brilliance – hoʻoheheʻe ʻia iā ʻoe me nā uila uila - nā trams! Pehea e hoʻonanea ai i nā alanui, ua piha i ka hustle a me ka haʻalulu - ʻoi aku ma mua o ka Kalikimaka ... A, me ka hoʻohaumia ʻana - nā keʻena ʻālohilohi, nā kaʻa, ʻoi aku ma Lubyanka Square, e lawe iā ʻoe i kahi i ʻEulopa. ʻOiai e ʻōhumu nā Muscovites kahiko. I loko o kēia mau apo hao nahesa ua ʻike lākou i nā ʻuhane o ka make kānalua ʻole o ke ao nei, no ka mea, ke noho nei ka ʻAtikaristo ma ka honua a hoʻopili hou iā ia me nā kaulahao o Gehena ... Ma hope o nā mea a pau, e haʻalulu: i mua o nā Spassky Gates, ma ke alo o St. ahi… ʻO nā manawa hope loa! …
ʻIke nā kānaka a pau, ʻike nā mea a pau; a ʻo kaʻu pahuhopu ka wehewehe ʻana ma kēia leka i kahi mea ʻaʻole i ʻike nā kānaka a pau, ʻo Muscovites. A ʻaʻole kēia he mau mea i waho e hānai i nā maka wale nō, i hoʻopau ʻia e ka nani; Makemake wau e haʻi iā ʻoe e pili ana i kahi papaʻaina ʻono, ʻoluʻolu, meaʻai meaʻai i hānai iaʻu i ka pule āpau, kahi hale ʻaina meaʻai, ma Gazetny Lane.
I ka hoomanao wale ana aku i keia pa maikai, alohilohi, me na puka komo elua, ma na eheu elua, ua hukiia au e hele hou ilaila, e hui pu me ka laina mau o ka poe e hele ana ilaila a me ka hoi like ana mai, ua hanai pono ia a me ka hauoli. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ʻōpio, o nā kāne ʻelua, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā haumāna - nā haumāna Lūkini - ʻo ka ʻoi loa o ka hanohano, ka ʻāina koʻikoʻi o ko mākou ʻāina makua <…>.
He hiʻohiʻona ka hoʻonohonoho o ka lumi ʻaina; i loko o ka lumi ʻaʻahu mua, ʻaʻohe mea i kauoha ʻia e uku ʻia. A he manaʻo koʻikoʻi kēia, i ka nānā ʻana i ke komo kūikawā o nā haumāna i lawa ʻole ma ʻaneʻi. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana i ke alapiʻi ʻēheu ʻelua mai ka puka komo, ma ka ʻākau a me ka hema, kahi kihi nui o ka hale e noho ʻia e nā lumi ʻoliʻoli a me nā lumi ʻālohilohi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia me nā papaʻaina i waiho ʻia. Ua kau ʻia nā paia o nā lumi a pau me nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi o Leo Tolstoy, o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻano huli a me nā poses. A ma ka hope loa o nā keʻena, ma ka ʻākau – aia ma ka lumi heluhelu he kiʻi nui o Leo Tolstoy ma luna o ka lio hina hina e holo ana ma ka nahele ʻo Yasnaya Polyana i ka hāʻule (kiʻi o Yu. I. Igumnova. ). Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā lumi a pau me nā papa ʻaina i uhi ʻia me ka lawelawe ʻana i nā mea ʻoki a me nā hīnaʻi e pono ai, me nā ʻano berena like ʻole, kahi ʻono kūikawā, ʻoluʻolu a ʻoluʻolu, i kālua ʻia ma Moscow wale nō.
ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka meaʻai ua lawa, akā ʻaʻole kēia ka mea nui; a ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka meaʻai, ʻaʻohe mea āu e lawe ai, he ʻono loa, he hou, he meaʻai e haki ai i ke alelo: no ke aha, he ʻai ʻono kēia! A no laila, i kēlā me kēia lā, i kēlā me kēia pule, i koʻu noho ʻana ma Moscow, ua makemake wau me ka hauʻoli kūikawā i kēia lumi ʻaina like ʻole. ʻO ka hana wikiwiki a me ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi hōʻikeʻike ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ua koi iaʻu e noho i ka hale ʻaina meaʻai i nā hola like ʻole; a i nā hola a pau o koʻu hōʻea ʻana mai, ua piha ka lumi ʻaina, ʻālohilohi a hauʻoli, a ʻokoʻa nā kīʻaha - ʻo ia: ʻoi aku ka ʻono o kekahi ma mua o kekahi. < … > A he aha kvass!”
He mea hoihoi ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kēia wehewehe ʻana me ka moʻolelo o Benedikt Livshits e pili ana i ko Mayakovsky kipa ʻana i ka hale ʻaina hoʻokahi. (cf. s. yy). ʻO Repin, ma ke ala, hōʻike ʻo ia ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana iā Moscow ua hālāwai ʻo ia me PI Biryukov i loko o ka lumi ʻaina: "I ka lā hope loa a haʻalele, ua hālāwai wau me PI Biryukov, e noho ana ma ka hale hoʻokahi, ka hale o nā hoʻoilina o . Shakhovskaya. - E haʻi mai iaʻu, ke nīnau nei au, ma hea ʻoe i loaʻa ai kahi kuke maikaʻi loa? Kaumaha! - ʻAe, he wahine maʻalahi kā mākou, he wahine Lūkini kuke; i kona hele ʻana mai iā mākou, ʻaʻole ʻo ia ʻike i ka kuke ʻana i ka meaʻai meaʻai. Akā, ua maʻa koke ʻo ia a i kēia manawa (ma hope o nā mea a pau, makemake ʻo ia i nā mea kōkua he nui me mākou; ʻike ʻoe i ka nui o nā malihini) aʻo koke ʻo ia i kāna poʻe henchmen. A ʻo kā mākou huahana ka mea maikaʻi loa. ʻAe, ʻike wau - he hana mana ka maʻemaʻe a me ka ʻono. ʻAʻole au e ʻai i ka ʻaila ʻawaʻawa a me ka pata, akā ma ka pōʻino, ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau huahana iaʻu i loko o kaʻu mau kīʻaha a ʻo wau, e like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo nei, lick i koʻu mau manamana lima. Nui, ʻono a maikaʻi loa. E kūkulu i ka lumi ʻaina like ma St. Petersburg, ʻaʻohe mea maikaʻi - ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo nei au iā ia. No ke aha, pono ke kālā nui… Me: No ke aha, ʻo ia ka mea kūpono e hana ai. Aole anei he kanaka waiwai e kokua?.. Il. Repin. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe mea - kekahi o nā mea keakea nui loa i ka vegetarianism Lūkini, ʻoiai i ka manawa o kona pōmaikaʻi ma mua o ke Kaua Honua Mua, ʻo ia ka nele o nā poʻe kākoʻo waiwai.
ʻO ke kiʻi o ka lumi ʻaina i hauʻoli loa ʻo Repin i ka mahina ʻo Dekemaba 1911 ua paʻi hou ʻia ma VO (e like me luna, ʻike ill. yy) Moscow Vegetarian Society, i kipa ʻia i ka makahiki i hala e nā poʻe ʻoi aku ma mua o 30, ma ʻAukake 1911st ua hoʻololi ʻia i kahi hale hou ma Gazetny Lane. I ka ʻike ʻana i ka kūleʻa o kēia hale ʻaina, hoʻolālā ka hui e wehe i kahi hale ʻaina makamae ʻelua no nā poʻe i ka hāʻule, ʻo ka manaʻo o ia mea i hoihoi i ka hope o LN Tolstoy. A ua hoʻopuka ka Voice of Moscow i kahi ʻatikala kikoʻī, me ka hālāwai ninaninau me ka Puʻukū o ka moku kaua o Moscow a me kahi hoʻolaha e ʻai ana ka poʻe 72 i kēia "canteen grand" i kēlā me kēia lā.
Mai nā memo o ka mea kākau ʻo KI Chukovsky, aloha me Repin, ʻike mākou ua kipa pū ka mea pena i nā hale ʻaina meaʻai ma St. Petersburg. ʻO Chukovsky, ʻoi loa mai ka makahiki 1908, ma St. Petersburg a ma Kuokkala, ua pili ola me Repin a me Nordman-Severova. Ke kamaʻilio nei ʻo ia e pili ana i ke kipa ʻana i ka "canteen" ma hope o ka hale pule ʻo Kazan: "Ma laila mākou e kū ai i ka laina no ka manawa lōʻihi a no ka berena, a no nā kīʻaha, a no kekahi ʻano kīʻaha tin. ʻO ka ʻoki pea, ke kāpeti, ka ʻuala ka maunu nui o kēia hale ʻai meaʻai. He kanakolu kopecks ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻaina ahiahi ʻelua. Ma waena o nā haumāna, nā kākau'ōlelo, nā luna li'ili'i, ua mana'o'o Ilya Efimovich e like me kona kanaka pono'ī.
ʻO Repin, ma nā leka i nā hoaaloha, ʻaʻole ia e pau i ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka vegetarianism. No laila, i ka makahiki 1910, ua koi ʻo ia iā DI Yavornitsky ʻaʻole e ʻai i ka ʻiʻo, ka iʻa a me nā hua. He mea ino ia i kanaka. Ma Dekemaba 16, 1910, ua kākau ʻo ia iā VK Byalynitsky-Birulya: "No kaʻu meaʻai, ua hōʻea wau i ka mea kūpono (ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole like kēia no nā mea a pau): ʻAʻole wau i manaʻo i ka ikaika, ʻōpio a maikaʻi. Eia nā disinfectants a me nā mea hoʻihoʻi !!!… A ʻo ka ʻiʻo – ʻo ka hupa ʻiʻo hoʻi – he mea make ia iaʻu: ʻeha wau no kekahi mau lā ke ʻai au ma ke kūlanakauhale ma kekahi hale ʻaina… ka māmā holo.
Ma hope o ka make ʻana o Nordman ma Iune 30, 1914 ma Orselin kokoke i Locarno, hele ʻo Repin i Switzerland. Ma ka Vegetarian Review, ua paʻi ʻo ia i kahi moʻolelo kikoʻī o ka hoa i make o kona ola, e pili ana i kona ʻano, kāna mau hana ma Kuokkala, kāna hana palapala a me nā pule hope o kona ola ʻana ma Orselino. "ʻO Natalya Borisovna ka meaʻai meaʻai koʻikoʻi loa - a hiki i kahi o ka hemolele"; Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia i ka hiki ke ho'ōla me ka "ʻike lā" i loko o ka wai waina. "Ma kahi kiʻekiʻe mai Locarno a hiki i Orselino, ma kahi ʻāina lani ma luna o Lake Maggiore, ma kahi hale kupapaʻu kuaʻāina liʻiliʻi, ma luna o nā villa nani a pau <…> aia kā mākou mea ʻai meaʻai. Lohe ʻo ia i ke mele o kēia aupuni mea kanu i ka Mea nāna i hana. A nānā kona mau maka ma ka honua me ka ʻakaʻaka hauʻoli i ka lani uliuli, me ka nani e like me ka ʻānela, me ka ʻaʻahu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e waiho ana i loko o kahi pahu i uhi ʻia me nā pua nani o ka hema ... "
Ua paʻi ʻia ka palapala kauoha a NB Nordman ma ka Vegetarian Bulletin. ʻO ka "Penates" villa ma Kuokkale, nona ia, ua hoʻoili ʻia iā IE Repin no ke ola, a ma hope o kona make ʻana ua manaʻo ʻia no ka mea hana o ka "hale o IE Repin". ʻO Kuokkala mai 1920 a 1940 a laila mai 1941 a hiki i ka capitulation o Finland ma ka ʻāina Finnish - akā mai ka makahiki 1944 ua kapa ʻia kēia wahi ʻo Repino. ʻO kahi hōʻiliʻili nui o nā kiʻi pena a NB Nordman, he mau haneli mau hana a ka Lūkini kaulana loa a me nā mea pena kiʻi a me nā kiʻi kiʻi haole. Ua hoʻoili ʻia kēia mau mea i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Repin e hiki mai ana ma Moscow. ʻO ke Kaua Honua Mua a me ke kipi i pale i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia hoʻolālā, akā aia kahi "Museum-estate of IE Repin Penata" ma Repino.
ʻO ka Prometheus Theatre ma Kuokkala, nona hoʻi ʻo NB Nordman, a me ʻelua mau villa ma Ollila, ua koho ʻia no nā kumu hoʻonaʻauao. ʻO nā mea hōʻike i ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i ka makemake,ʻo ia hoʻi,ʻo ka mea hana keaka (a me ke kamāliʻiwahine) LB Baryatinskaya-Yavorskaya a me ka mea kālai'āinaʻo Paolo Trubetskoy.
I kēia mau lā, ua make kekahi o nā mea hōʻike hope loa, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i kēia kikowaena o ka moʻomeheu Lūkini mai ka wā kamaliʻi - DS Likhachev: "Ma ka palena me Ollila (ʻo Solnechnoye i kēia manawa) aia ʻo Repin Penates. Ma kahi kokoke i Penat, ua kūkulu ʻo KI Chukovsky i hale kauwela nona (Ua kōkua ʻo Ie Repin iā ia i kēia - me ke kālā a me ka ʻōlelo aʻo). I kekahi mau kau kau wela, ua noho ʻo Mayakovsky, hele mai ʻo Meyerhold, <...> Leonid Andreev, Chaliapin a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui i Repin. <...> Ma nā hana aloha, ua ho'āʻo lākou e kāhāhā me nā mea kāhāhā <...> Akā aia kekahi mau hana "koʻikoʻi". Heluhelu ʻo Repin i kāna mau memo. Heluhelu ʻo Chukovsky i ke Crocodile. Ua hoʻolauna ka wahine a Repin i nā mea kanu a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo Chukovsky ʻo Repin, i kona hoʻi ʻana mai Switzerland, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻomau ʻia kahi kauoha ʻē aʻe e noho aliʻi ma nā Penates: "ʻO ka mea mua, ua hoʻopau ʻo Ilya Efimovich i ke aupuni meaʻai a, ma ka ʻōlelo aʻo a nā kauka, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻai i ka ʻiʻo ma liʻiliʻi.” ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā kauka i kēlā ʻōlelo aʻo, akā ʻaʻohe ʻike o ka vegetarianism he mea hiki ʻole ke hilinaʻi. Ua hoʻopiʻi hou ʻo Mayakovsky i ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1915 ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e ʻai i nā "lāʻau a Repin" ma Kuokkala ... Ua kamaʻilio pū ʻo David Burliuk lāua ʻo Vasily Kamensky e pili ana i nā menus meaʻai i ka makahiki ma hope o ka make ʻana o Nordman. Ua kākau ʻo Burliuk e pili ana i Pepeluali 18, 1915:
"<...> ʻO nā mea a pau, i wikiwiki ʻia e Ilya Efimovich lāua ʻo Tatyana Ilyinichnaya, e nānā ana i luna mai nā kamaʻilio ʻana i hoʻomaka ʻia ma waena o nā poʻe i kamaʻāina hou, e hele ana i kahi carousel meaʻai kaulana. Noho au i lalo a hoʻomaka e aʻo pono i kēia mīkini mai ka ʻaoʻao o kāna mīkini, a me nā mea kikoʻī.
He ʻumikūmākolu a ʻumikūmāhā paha ka poʻe i noho i lalo ma kahi pākaukau nui. Ma mua o kēlā me kēia mea he mea kani piha. ʻAʻohe kauā, e like me ka nani o nā Penates, a ua mākaukau ka ʻai holoʻokoʻa ma kahi pākaukau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e like me ka carousel, kiʻekiʻe i ka hapahā, aia i waenakonu o ka mea nui. O ka papaaina poepoe kahi i noho ai ka poe paina a me na mea oki e ku ana, aole oni ka oni, aka, o ka mea e ku ai na ipu (he mea kanu wale no ka mea kanu) ua lako pono me na lima, a ua hiki i kela mea keia mea o lakou ke hoohuli ia mea ma ka huki ana i ke au, nā kīʻaha i mua o lākou. .
No ka mea he nui ka poʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hana me ka ʻole o ka ʻike: makemake ʻo Chukovsky i nā halo paʻakai, hopu i ka "carousel", huki i nā halo iā ia, a i kēia manawa ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe Futurists e lawe mai i kahi ʻōpala o ka sauerkraut, ʻono. kāpīpī ʻia me nā cranberries a me nā lingonberries, kokoke iā lākou.
Hōʻike ʻia ka papa ʻaina kaulana i ka salon "Penates" ma ka lau o kēia puke.
Ua hoʻohana ʻo Repin i nā makahiki he kanakolu hope o kona ola ʻana ma Kuokkala, i kēlā manawa no Finland. Ua hiki iā Chukovsky ke kipa iā Repin, a laila ua kanawalu makahiki, ma Ianuali 21, 1925, a ma ka manawa like e ʻike hou i kona hale kahiko. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia ua kūpaʻa ʻo Repin i kāna mau manaʻo o ka maʻalahi: mai Iune a ʻAukake e moe ai ʻo ia i loko o ka hale manu nūnū. Hoʻopuka ʻo Chukovsky i ka nīnau "he mea ʻai ʻo ia i kēia manawa?" ʻAʻole mākou e ʻike i kahi pane ma ka diary, akā ʻaʻole me ka hoihoi ʻole i kēia ʻano: ma mua iki, ua kipa aku kekahi kauka, ʻo Kauka Sternberg, ka luna hoʻomalu o ka hui Kuindzhi, kipa iā Repin, hele pū ʻia me kahi lede a ua koi aku iā ia e neʻe i ka Soviet Union - ua hoʻohiki lākou iā ia i kaʻa, kahi hale, 250 rubles o ka uku ... Ua hōʻole ʻo Repin. Ma keʻano he makana, lawe mai lākou iā ia - i Ianuali mai ka Soviet Union - he hīnaʻi hua - peaches, tangerines,ʻalani,'ōlaʻa. Ua ho'āʻoʻo Repin i kēia mau hua, akā, no ka mea, e like me kāna kaikamahineʻo Vera, ua hoʻopauʻo ia i kona'ōpū i ka hana, ua manaʻoʻo ia he mea pono e nānā i kēia mau hua ma ka Biochemical Institute ma Helsinki. Ua makaʻu ʻo ia ke makemake lākou e ʻona iā ia ...
ʻO ka vegetarianism a Repin, e like me nā kikokikona i hōʻike ʻia ma ʻaneʻi, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka noʻonoʻo olakino, he kumu "maʻemaʻe". ʻO ke koʻikoʻi iā ia iho, kahi makemake no Spartanism, e hoʻokokoke iā ia iā Tolstoy. I loko o kahi kikoʻī o kahi ʻatikala i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia e pili ana iā Tolstoy, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Repin i ka asceticism o Tolstoy: "E hele ana: ma hope o ka hele wikiwiki ʻana i 2 mau mile, ʻoluʻolu loa, hoʻolei wikiwiki i kona ʻaʻahu maʻalahi, holo wikiwiki ʻo ia i loko o ke kī anuanu o ka muliwai ma Yasnaya Polyana. Ua ʻaʻahu au me ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻole iaʻu iho, no ka mea, paʻa nā kulu wai i ka oxygen - hanu ke kino ma nā pores.
Mai ka hopena o ka makahiki 1870, ua hiamoe mau ʻo Repin iā ia iho me ka wehe ʻana o ka puka makani, ma ka ʻōlelo aʻo a kahi kauka ʻōpio Moscow, ʻoiai i ke anuanu. Eia hou, ua like ia me Tolstoy, he kanaka hana luhi. Hoʻopau ʻo ia i kāna manawa hana. Hōʻike ʻo Chukovsky ma kahi o kahi hale ʻaina nui, ua loaʻa iā Repin kahi hale hana liʻiliʻi, kahi āna i hele pinepine ai. Ma waena o ka hola 1 a me 2 ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi ʻaina awakea haʻahaʻa iā ia ma kahi pukaaniani liʻiliʻi ma ka puka: he radish, carrot, apple a me kahi aniani o kāna kī punahele. Inā wau i hele i ka lumi ʻaina, ua nalowale wau i 20 mau minuke. ʻO kēia manawa a me ka mālama kālā mehameha ma kāna papaʻaina meaʻai i kekahi manawa i manaʻo ʻia he mea pono e Benjamin Franklin, he 16 makahiki. Akā, ua haʻalele ʻo Repin i kēia hana ma 1907 ma ka ʻōlelo aʻo a ke kauka, a ua pani ʻia ka puka makani.
ʻO ka nīnau e pili ana i ka hopena o NB Nordman ma Repin i hoʻopaʻapaʻa no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ua hōʻike ʻo I. Grabar i ka makahiki 1964 i ka manaʻo ʻaʻole pono ka mana o Nordman a ʻaʻole loa i hoʻoikaika i ka hana a Repin; ʻO ka mea pena i ʻōlelo ʻia ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e luhi i kāna mālama ʻana a ʻaʻole i huhū loa i kona make ʻana i ka makahiki 1914. ʻO ka mea pohihihi, e like me Grabar, ke mau nei ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka emi ʻana o ka hana a Repin:
"I nā makahiki 900, ua hoʻomaka kāna mau ʻōlelo a me kāna mau hana e hana i kahi ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe a kokoke i ke kamaliʻi. Hoʻomanaʻo ka poʻe a pau i ka makemake o Repin i ka mauʻu a me kāna hoʻolaha ʻana i kēia "ʻai maikaʻi loa no ke kanaka." <...> Hāʻawi ʻo ia i kona ʻano wela a pau, kona makemake a pau ʻaʻole e pena, akā iā Natalia Borisovna. <...> mai ka mea hoʻomaloka, e hoʻomāʻewaʻewa ana i nā manaʻo hoʻomana, ua huli mālie ʻo ia i kanaka hoʻomana. <...> ʻO ka mea i hoʻomaka ʻia e Nordman-Severova ua hoʻopau ʻia ma hope o ke kipi ʻana e nā malihini Lūkini e hoʻopuni ana iā Repin <...>. Ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kēia hoʻoholo, ua kākau ʻo IS Zilberstein i ka makahiki 1948 e pili ana i nā makahiki mua ma Kuokkala: “Ke kali nei kēia manawa o ke ola o Repin i kāna mea noiʻi, nāna e hoʻokumu i ke koʻikoʻi o Nordman i ke ola a me kāna hana. Akā i kēia manawa hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻaʻole ʻo Repin i pena a pena i kekahi e like me Nordman. ʻO kahi hale kiʻi nui o nā kiʻi, i hana ʻia e Repin no ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻumikumamākolu mau makahiki o ko lākou ola pū ʻana, e hoʻopili ana i nā kiʻi ʻaila he nui a me nā kiʻi he haneli. ʻO kahi wale nō o kēia mau kiʻi a me nā kiʻi i pau i ka USSR, a ʻaʻole i koʻikoʻi loa ka ʻāpana.
Ua mālama ʻo Repin i nā kiʻi maikaʻi loa o Nordman a me nā kiʻi kiʻi mai iā ia ma Penates a hiki i nā makahiki hope o kona ola. Ua kau mau ka lumi ʻaina i kēlā kiʻi o Nordman, i hana ʻia e Repin i nā pule mua loa o ko lāua kamaʻāina, i ko lāua noho ʻana ma Tyrol i ka makahiki 1900, kahi i hele ai ʻo Repin, me Natalya Borisovna, ma hope o ka hālāwai ʻana ma Paris.
ʻIke ʻia kēia kiʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ke kiʻi o 1915, kahi i lawe ʻia ai ʻo Repin me kāna mau malihini, ma waena o lākou ʻo VV Mayakovsky (cf. uhi puke). Ua kākau ʻo Mayakovsky i kāna mele "A Cloud in Pants" ma Kuokkala.
Eia kekahi, ʻo KI Chukovsky, nāna i nānā pono i ke ola o Repin lāua ʻo Nordman no kekahi mau makahiki (mai ka makahiki 1906), ʻike maikaʻi i ka ratio o kēia mau mea ikaika ʻelua. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Nordman, ua alakaʻi i ke ola o Repin (ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ke kaohi ʻana i nā kipa ʻana i nā "Poʻakolu kaulana"); mai ka makahiki 1901, ua hoomaka oia e ohi i na palapala a pau e pili ana i kana hana. A ʻo Repin iā ia iho ua ʻae pinepine ʻo ia i kāna ʻaiʻē i kekahi o kāna mau kūleʻa maikaʻi loa - ka haku ʻana o ka "State Council" (i kākau ʻia 1901-1903) iā NB, hōʻike i kahi pilikia i ko lāua male ʻana ma ʻOkakopa 46 - a laila makemake ʻo Repin e kiʻi i kahi male.