ʻOiai ko lākou helehelena, he mau mea ola nā lāʻau. No ka hoʻomaka, kamaʻilio nā lāʻau i kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻomaopopo pū lākou, launa pū a hui pū kekahi - ʻo nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole kekahi me kekahi. Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo Peter Wohlleben, he kanaka nahele Kelemania a me ka mea kākau o The Hidden Life of Trees, ua hānai lākou i kā lākou ʻōpio, e aʻo ana nā mea kanu ulu, a ua kaumaha kekahi mau kumulāʻau kahiko iā lākou iho no ka hanauna e hiki mai ana.
ʻOiai e noʻonoʻo ana kekahi poʻe loea i ka manaʻo o Wolleben he anthropomorphic pono ʻole, ua loli ka manaʻo kuʻuna o nā kumu lāʻau ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻokoʻa, naʻau ʻole i ka wā. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "crown shyness", kahi i hoʻopā ʻole ʻia ai nā kumulāʻau o ka nui like o nā ʻano like ʻole e pili ana i kahi ākea o kekahi, ua ʻike ʻia ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli i hala. I kekahi manawa, ma kahi o ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana i nā kukui, kū nā lālā o nā lāʻau kokoke i kahi mamao mai kekahi i kekahi, me ka haʻalele ʻana i kahi ākea. ʻAʻohe manaʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o kēia - make paha nā lālā e ulu ana ma nā wēlau, a i ʻole ka ulu ʻana o nā lālā i ka wā e ʻike ai nā lau i ke kukui infrared i hoʻopuehu ʻia e nā lau ʻē aʻe ma kahi kokoke.
Inā hana haʻahaʻa nā lālā o nā lāʻau, a laila me nā aʻa he ʻokoʻa loa nā mea āpau. I loko o ka ululāʻau, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili wale nā palena o nā ʻōnaehana kumu pilikino, akā pili pū kekahi - i kekahi manawa pololei ma o nā transplants kūlohelohe - a ma o nā pūnaewele hoʻi o nā filament fungal underground a i ʻole mycorrhiza. Ma o kēia mau pilina, hiki i nā kumulāʻau ke hoʻololi i ka wai, ke kō, a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe a hoʻouna i nā leka kemika a me ka uila kekahi i kekahi. Ma waho aʻe o ke kōkua ʻana i nā lāʻau e kamaʻilio, lawe nā haʻani i nā meaʻai mai ka lepo a hoʻololi iā lākou i ʻano e hiki ai i nā kumulāʻau ke hoʻohana. I ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, loaʻa iā lākou ke kō - a hiki i ka 30% o nā carbohydrates i loaʻa i ka wā photosynthesis e uku no nā lawelawe mycorrhiza.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka noiʻi o kēia manawa e pili ana i kēia mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "pūnaewele lāʻau" i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka hana a ka mea olaola Kanada ʻo Suzanne Simard. Ua wehewehe ʻo Simard i nā kumulāʻau nui loa o ka nahele ma ke ʻano he kikowaena a i ʻole "lāʻau makuahine". Loaʻa i kēia mau lāʻau nā aʻa nui loa a hohonu, a hiki ke kaʻana like i ka wai a me nā meaʻai me nā kumu lāʻau liʻiliʻi, e ʻae ana i nā mea kanu e ulu a maikaʻi i ka malu kaumaha. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka nānā ʻana e hiki i kēlā me kēia lāʻau ke ʻike i ko lākou ʻohana pili a hāʻawi i ka makemake iā lākou i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka wai a me nā meaʻai. No laila, hiki i nā lāʻau olakino ke kākoʻo i nā hoa noho pōʻino - ʻo nā kumu lau ʻole! - mālama iā lākou i ke ola no nā makahiki he nui, nā makahiki a me nā kenekulia.
Hiki i nā lāʻau ke ʻike ʻaʻole wale i ko lākou mau hoa pili, akā i nā ʻenemi pū kekahi. No nā makahiki he 40, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ka lāʻau i hoʻouka ʻia e kekahi holoholona ʻai lau e hoʻokuʻu i ke kinoea ethylene. Ke ʻike ʻia ka ethylene, hoʻomākaukau nā lāʻau kokoke e pale iā lākou iho ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana ʻana o nā kemika e ʻoluʻolu ʻole ai ko lākou lau a hiki i nā mea ʻawaʻawa. Ua ʻike mua ʻia kēia hoʻolālā ma ke aʻo ʻana i ka acacia, a me he mea lā ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia e nā giraffe ma mua o ke kanaka: i ka pau ʻana o ka ʻai ʻana i nā lau o ka lāʻau hoʻokahi, neʻe maʻamau lākou ma mua o 50 mau mika i ka makani ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i kekahi kumulāʻau. ʻaʻole paha i ʻike i ka hōʻailona pilikia i hoʻouna ʻia.
Eia nō naʻe, i kēia manawa ua maopopo ʻaʻole nā ʻenemi a pau e hana i ka hopena like i nā lāʻau. Ke hoʻouka mua ʻia nā elms a me nā pine (a me nā kumu lāʻau ʻē aʻe paha) e nā anuhe, e pane lākou i nā ʻano kemika i loko o ka kohu o ka enuhe, e hoʻokuʻu ana i kahi ʻala hou e huki ai i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka nalo parasitic. Hoʻomoe ka nalo i kā lākou mau hua i loko o ke kino o nā enuhe, a ʻai nā ʻuhu e puka mai ana i ko lākou pūʻali mai loko mai. Inā ʻino ka lau a me nā lālā ma muli o kahi mea ʻaʻohe mea a ka lāʻau e kūʻē ai, e like me ka makani a i ʻole ke koʻi, a laila ʻo ka hopena kemika ke kuhikuhi ʻia i ka hoʻōla, ʻaʻole ke pale.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka nui o kēia mau "ʻano" hou o nā kumulāʻau i kaupalena ʻia i ka ulu kūlohelohe. ʻO nā mea kanu, no ka laʻana, ʻaʻohe kumu makuahine a liʻiliʻi loa ka pilina. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā kumulāʻau ʻōpiopio, a ʻo nā mea nāwaliwali o lalo o ka lepo e hoʻokō ai lākou i ka hoʻokumu ʻana ua hemo koke. ʻIke ʻia i kēia ʻike, hoʻomaka ʻia nā hana ulu lāʻau o kēia wā e like me ka weliweli: ʻaʻole nā kaiāulu nā mea kanu, akā he pūʻulu o nā mea leo leo, hana ʻia a ʻoki ʻia ma mua o ka hiki ke ola maoli. ʻAʻole naʻe i manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema he manaʻo ko nā lāʻau, a i ʻole ka hiki i nā lāʻau ke launa pū kekahi me kekahi ma muli o ke koho kūlohelohe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma ke kākoʻo ʻana i kekahi i kekahi, hana nā kumulāʻau i kahi microcosm i pale ʻia, kahi e loaʻa ai iā lākou a me kā lākou mau keiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana ke ola a hānau hou. He aha ka nahele no mākou he hale maʻamau no nā kumulāʻau.