Pesceterians, Frutherians, Flexitarians - i ka poʻe ʻike ʻole, kani kēia mau huaʻōlelo e like me ka wehewehe ʻana o ka pūʻali Allied mai ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni Star Wars.
A i ka wā e hoʻololi ai kēlā kanaka i kāna meaʻai i ka nui o nā meaʻai mea kanu (e like me ka hōʻole ʻana i ka ʻiʻo, akā hoʻomau i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa), pane ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia i nā nīnau a kāna mau hoaaloha: "ʻAe, ua lilo wau i mea ʻai meaʻai, akā i kekahi manawa ʻai wau i ka iʻa. , no ka mea…”.
ʻO kēia hoʻohana haʻahaʻa a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole o ka huaʻōlelo "mea kanu" e alakaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā aka i ke ʻano o nā poʻo iʻa a me nā wāwae moa e hāʻule ma luna o ka philosophy o vegetarianism. Ua pōwehiwehi nā palena o ka manaʻo, ua nalowale ke ʻano o nā mea a pau e lilo ai nā mea ʻai meaʻai i mea ʻai meaʻai.
A i kēlā me kēia lā, nui aʻe ka nui o nā "fish-tarians" a me nā "meat-tarians" ...
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, nui ka poʻe i ʻai ʻole i ka ʻiʻo ma muli o ka manaʻoʻiʻo a i ʻole ma ka ʻōlelo aʻo a ke kauka, akā ʻaʻole i manaʻo iā lākou iho he mau meaʻai.
No laila ʻo wai ka poʻe ʻai meaʻai a ʻai lākou i ka iʻa?
ʻO ka Vegetarian Society, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Great Britain i ka makahiki 1847, pane mana ʻo ia i kēia nīnau: "ʻAʻole ʻai ka mea meaʻai i ka ʻiʻo o nā holoholona a me nā manu, i ka home a i pepehi ʻia i ka wā o ka hopu holoholona, iʻa, ka iʻa, nā crustaceans a me nā huahana āpau e pili ana i ka pepehi ʻana na mea ola. A ʻoi aku ka pōkole: “ʻAʻole ʻai ka mea ʻai meaʻai i ka mea make.” ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ʻai ka poʻe meaʻai i ka iʻa.
Wahi a Juliet Gellatley, ka mea hana pono holoholona Pelekania a me ke alakaʻi o Viva!, ʻaʻohe kuleana o ka poʻe e ʻai ana i ka iʻa e kapa iā lākou iho he mau meaʻai.
Inā ua haʻalele mua ʻoe i ka ʻiʻo o nā holoholona pumehana a me nā manu, akā e hoʻomau i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa a me ka iʻa, he PESCETARIAN ʻoe (mai ka pescetarian English). Akā ʻaʻole ia he meaʻai meaʻai.
Ma waena o nā meaʻai meaʻai a me nā pescatarians hiki ke loaʻa kahi ākea nui i ko lākou manaʻo i ka ʻeha o nā mea ola. Hoʻole pinepine ka poʻe hope i ka ʻiʻo o nā mammals no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou makemake e lilo i kumu o ko lākou ʻeha. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei lākou i ka noʻonoʻo o nā holoholona, akā iʻa… "ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka lolo o ka iʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e ʻeha," ʻae ka poʻe lokomaikaʻi iā lākou iho ma ke kauoha ʻana i ka iʻa palai i loko o kahi hale ʻaina.
"I loko o nā puke moʻolelo ʻepekema kaulana, e ʻike ʻoe i nā hōʻike maopopo loa e hiki i nā mammals, me ka ʻeha kino, ke ʻike i ka makaʻu, ke kaumaha, ka manaʻo i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o kahi mea hoʻoweliweli, weliweli a loaʻa i ka ʻeha kino. I ka iʻa, ʻaʻole like ka manaʻo, akā he nui nā hōʻike e ʻike pū ana ka iʻa i ka makaʻu a me ka ʻeha. ʻO ka mea makemake ʻole e hoʻopilikia i nā mea ola, e hoʻōki i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa, "wahi a Professor Andrew Linzey, Luna Hoʻokele o ka Oxford Center for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, ka mea kākau o Why Animal Suffering Matters. ).
I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki i ka poʻe i hoʻoholo e lilo i mea ʻai meaʻai ʻaʻole hiki ke haʻalele i ka iʻa, no ka mea, manaʻo lākou he mea pono ia no ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino - ʻoi aku ka momona o nā ʻano iʻa. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke loaʻa nā mea waiwai like i nā meaʻai mea kanu. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka ʻaila flaxseed kekahi o nā kumu waiwai nui o ka omega-3 fatty acids a ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā mea make mercury i loaʻa i loko o ka iʻa.
Aia nā mea ʻai meaʻai meaʻai?
I ka makahiki 2003, ua ʻike ka American Dialectic Society ʻo FLEXITARIAN ka huaʻōlelo kaulana loa o ka makahiki. ʻO ka flexitarian he "mea kanu e pono ai ka ʻiʻo."
Ua wehewehe ʻo Wikipedia i ka flexitarianism penei: “He meaʻai semi-meaʻai me ka meaʻai meaʻai, i kekahi manawa me ka ʻiʻo. Hoʻoikaika ka poʻe Flexitarian e ʻai i ka ʻiʻo liʻiliʻi e like me ka hiki, akā ʻaʻole lākou e kāpae loa i kā lākou ʻai. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻohe helu kikoʻī o ka ʻiʻo i ʻai ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi flexitarian.
Hoʻohewa pinepine ʻia kēia kuhikuhi o ka "semi-vegetarianism" e ka poʻe meaʻai ponoʻī iā lākou iho, no ka mea, kūʻē ia i kā lākou kumu. Wahi a Juliet Gellatly, ʻaʻohe manaʻo o ka "flexitarianism".
Pehea e kāhea aku ai i kahi kanaka i hele mua i ke ala e hōʻemi i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai make, akā ʻaʻole i lilo i mea ʻai meaʻai?
Ua mālama mua nā mea kūʻai o Western i kēia:
Meat-reducer - 'oiaʻiʻo "hōʻemi i ka ʻiʻo" - he kanaka e hoʻemi i ka nui o ka meaʻai ʻai i kāna ʻai. No ka laʻana, ma UK, e like me ka noiʻi, 23% o ka heluna kanaka no ka hui "meat-reducer". ʻO nā kumu maʻamau he mau hōʻailona olakino, a me ka mālama ʻole ʻana i nā pilikia kaiapuni. Hoʻopuka nā mahiʻai holoholona i ka methane, he 23 manawa ʻoi aku ka pōʻino i ka lewa o ka honua ma mua o ke kalapona dioxide.
Meat-avoider - ʻoiaʻiʻo, "ʻalo i ka ʻiʻo" - kahi kanaka e hoʻāʻo, inā hiki, ʻaʻole e ʻai i ka ʻiʻo, akā i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole ia e kūleʻa. Aia ka 10% o ka heluna kanaka o UK i ka hui "meaʻai-avoider", ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua kaʻana like lākou i ka manaʻo o ka vegetarianism.
"ʻOi aku ma mua o ka hapahā o nā mea pane [ma UK] e ʻōlelo nei ua ʻai lākou i ka ʻiʻo i kēia manawa ma mua o ʻelima mau makahiki i hala. Hiki iā mākou ke nānā i nā loli i ka ʻai o ka heluna kanaka. ʻO ka hapakolu o nā lālā o kā mākou hui he poʻe e hoʻāʻo nei e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka ʻiʻo i kā lākou ʻai. Hoʻomaka ka poʻe ma ke ʻoki ʻana i ka ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou olakino, a laila hoʻōki i ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo keʻokeʻo, ka iʻa, a pēlā aku. A ʻoiai ʻo kēia mau hoʻololi i hoʻomaka mua ʻia ma muli o ka noʻonoʻo pilikino, i ka wā lōʻihi e hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia poʻe i ke kumu o ka vegetarianism, "wahi a Juliet Gellatly.
ʻAi ʻai meaʻai a me pseudo-vegetarian
No ka ʻike ʻana i ka mea ʻai meaʻai a ʻaʻole hoʻi ... e nānā kākou ma Wikipedia!
ʻO ka Vegetarianism, kahi i loaʻa ʻole ka meaʻai pepehi kanaka, e komo pū ana:
- ʻO ka vegetarianism maʻamau - ma waho aʻe o nā mea kanu meaʻai, ʻae ʻia nā huahana waiu a me ka meli. ʻO ka poʻe ʻai meaʻai e ʻai ana i nā huahana waiū i kapa ʻia he lacto-vegetarians.
- ʻOvo-meaʻai - nā meaʻai kanu, nā hua manu, ka meli, akā ʻaʻole nā huahana waiu.
- Veganism - mea kanu wale nō (ʻaʻohe hua manu a me nā huahana waiu, akā ʻae ʻia ka meli i kekahi manawa). Hōʻole pinepine nā vegans i nā mea a pau i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana holoholona (kopa, nā lole i hana ʻia mai ka hulu a me ka ʻili, ka hulu hipa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).
- Fruitarianism - nā hua wale nō o nā mea kanu, maʻamau maʻamau (nā huaʻai, nā hua, nā huaʻai huaʻai, nā nati, nā ʻanoʻano). ʻAʻole mālama pono i nā holoholona wale nō, akā i nā mea kanu (me ka ʻole o nā hua, nā huahana dairy, ka meli).
- ʻAi ʻai meaʻai maka ʻole/vegan - ʻai ʻia nā meaʻai maka wale nō.
ʻAʻole nā meaʻai meaʻai ma lalo nei no ka mea ʻae lākou i nā meaʻai pepehi kanaka, ʻoiai ua kaupalena ʻia ko lākou nui:
- Pescatarianism a me Pollotarianism – E pale ana i ka ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula akā e ʻai ana i ka iʻa a me ka iʻa (Pescatarianism) a me ka moa (Pollotarianism)
- ʻO ka Flexitarianism ka ʻai haʻahaʻa a loaʻa ʻole paha o ka ʻiʻo, ka moa, ka iʻa, a me ka iʻa.
- ʻO ka meaʻai makaʻala omnivorous - ʻai wale i nā meaʻai maka a pōkole loa i mālama ʻia i ka wela, me ka ʻiʻo, ka iʻa, etc.
Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i nā ʻano meaʻai āpau, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā sub-varieties a me nā sub-subdivision hou me nā inoa ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka poʻe i hoʻololi i ko lākou ʻano i ka ʻiʻo i "ka liʻiliʻi, ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo" makemake e kapa maʻalahi iā lākou iho he "mea kanu." ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o kēia ma mua o ka wehewehe ʻana i kou ʻanakē no ka manawa lōʻihi i ke kumu ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻai i kāna mau ʻokiʻoki, a me ka hana ʻana i nā kala i ʻole ʻo ia e hōʻeha.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hele mua ke kanaka i ke ala o ka ʻai ʻana a me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka huaʻōlelo āna i kapa ai iā ia iho.
No laila, e hoʻomanawanui kākou i kekahi i kekahi, ʻaʻole pili i ke ʻano o ka manaʻo meaʻai a kākou e mālama ai. No ka mea, e like me ka Baibala, "ʻaʻole ka mea i komo i loko o ka waha o ke kanaka e haumia ai, akā ʻo ka mea i puka mai i loko o kona waha e haumia ai ia. (Euanelio a Mataio, mokuna 15)
Mea kākau: Maryna Usenko
Ma muli o ka ʻatikala "The rise of the non-veggie vegetarian" na Finlo Rohrer, BBC News Magazine