ʻO Plague kahi zoonosis i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā bacteria ʻO Yersinia pestis, ka mea e lawe pinepine ʻia mai nā rodents i nā kānaka e nā ʻutu, akā ma waena hoʻi o nā kānaka e ke ala hanu. Me ka ʻole kūpono a me ka wikiwiki o ka lāʻau antibiotic, he mea make kāna papa ma 30% a 60% o nā hihia (1).

He paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo i ka "make ʻeleʻele" nāna i hoʻopau iā ʻEulopa i ka 1920th kenekulia e mau nei i kekahi mau wahi o ka honua! Ma Palani, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia hope loa o ke ahulau i ka makahiki 1945 ma Palisa a ma 50 ma Corsica. Akā ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ua hōʻike ʻia ma mua o ka 000 mau hihia iā WHO ma nā ʻāina he 26 mai ka wā mua o 2 (XNUMX).

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā maʻi ahulau e ka World Health Organization, ma ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo, Tanzania, Kina, Peru a me Madagascar. ʻO ka hope ka ʻāina endemike nui, he mau kakini i make ʻia e ka maʻi ahulau ma 2014/2015 (3).

Hōʻike ʻo Plague i kekahi mau ʻano maʻi (septicaemic, hemorrhagic, gastrointestinal, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a me nā ʻano akahai), akā ʻelua mau mea nui i nā kānaka.

ʻO ka maʻi bubonic maʻamau. Hōʻike ʻia me ka hoʻomaka koke ʻana o ke kuni kiʻekiʻe, ʻeha ke poʻo, kahi hoʻouka hohonu o ke kūlana maʻamau a me nā haunaele o ka ʻike. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia e ka pehu ʻana o nā lymph node, pinepine i ka ʻāʻī, nā ʻāpana lima a me nā aʻa (buboes).

ʻO ka maʻi pulmonary, ka mea make loa. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi batukū mucopurulent me ke koko a me ka ʻeha o ka umauma i nā ʻōuli laulā o ka maʻi bubonic.

ʻO ka ʻākena o ka ahulau kahi bacillus Gram-maikaʻi, ʻO Yersinia pestis. ʻO Yersinia kahi ʻano o nā koʻohune e pili ana i ka ʻohana Enterobacteriaceae, nona nā ʻumikūmāhiku ʻano, ʻekolu o lākou i pathogenic no nā kānaka: pestis, komohana et pseudotuberculosis. ʻO Rodents ka mea nui, akā ʻaʻole kū hoʻokahi, kahi waihona o ka maʻi.

Hoʻopili ka Plague i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻōleʻa e parasitize iā lākou. Lawe ʻia ia mai nā holoholona i nā kānaka e nā nahu mai nā puloa maʻi, ma ka pili pololei ʻana, ma ka inhalation a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea maʻi.

• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia nā kānaka e kahi ʻie lele maʻi i ka form bubonic.
• Inā ka bacillus ʻO Yersinia pestis hiki i nā māmā, hoʻomohala ka mea i ka maʻi pulmonary a laila hiki ke lawe ʻia i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e ke ala hanu i ka wā o ka puʻu.

I nā wahi endemik, kiaʻi i ka nahu ʻana o ka ʻuku a pale aku i nā ʻelala a me nā kupapaʻu holoholona.

Inā kuhi ʻia i ka manawa, hiki ke mālama kūleʻa ʻia ka maʻi bubonic me nā lāʻau ʻalopika: ʻo streptomycin, chloramphenicol a me tetracyclines nā antibiotic e kuhikuhi ʻia e ka Institut Pasteur.

ʻO Chemoprophylaxis (i kapa ʻia ʻo "chemoprevention"), ʻo ia hoʻi ka lawelawe ʻana i nā tetracyclines a i ʻole sulfonamides, inā he maʻi ahulau, maikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i nā wahi kokoke o nā kumuhana i hoʻopilikia ʻia, a wehewehe pū kekahi ʻo Institut Pasteur.

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā i hala, akā mālama ʻia ia no nā limahana o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, no ka mea ua hōʻoia lākou i ka maikaʻi ʻole i ka kaohi ʻana i nā maʻi ʻino.