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ʻO ka pilikia o ka nui keu ua hoʻopilikia i ke kanaka no kekahi manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ka makemake e leʻaleʻa i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, i lilo i mea hoʻokūkū kūpono no ka puʻuwai o ka wahine ʻē aʻe ke hoʻokuke nei i nā kāne a me nā wahine i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole i ke kino. He aha nā papaʻai i holo pono ma mua, a he aha nā meaʻai e weliweli a koʻikoʻi hoʻi?
I ka wā kahiko, hapa nui nā pilikia e like me ka nui o ke kaupaona. Akā ma hope o nā kaua honua, i ka wā i hele a māʻona ai ke ola a me nā ʻano like ʻole, ua ʻike ʻia kahi mea e like me ka piha a me ka momona.
Pono ke kāne maikaʻi e nui…
ʻO kēia mau moʻolelo āpau e pili ana i ka wā kahiko o Kina, ʻInia, ʻAigupita ʻai - ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi mea hou o nā mea kālepa. ʻO ka nele i nā pono a me nā ʻano nohona kahiko i alakaʻi i ka poʻe kahiko e neʻe, hele, a ʻimi mau i nā meaʻai no ka meaʻai kūʻokoʻa. ʻAʻohe kō - e hiki mai ana ma hope, kō kō mua mai nā Mokupuni Caribbean, a ma hope ka beet. No ka mea ʻono, ʻai ka poʻe i ka meli a me nā hua maloʻo.
A ʻo ka piha ʻana i ka wā kahiko ua manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona o ka pōmaikaʻi, waiwai ma mua o kekahi kīnā. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā makasina aniani me nā hiʻohiʻona lahilahi, ka mea e kuhikuhi ai i ke ʻano. Ua hānai a pale ʻia nā aliʻi a me nā aliʻi.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo Catherine II, ma muli o kona lahilahi loa, ua koi ʻo ia iā ia iho e ʻai e kūlike i ke kūlana o nā wahine mare o ka Emepera, a hoʻohui wale i kekahi mau paona, hele mai ʻo ia i ka aloaliʻi a male i ka mōʻī. A e hoʻomanaʻo i ka poʻe ʻĀlani a i ʻole nā kānaka ʻ Egyptiankupita, ka ʻōpū, a me nā ʻūhā i nui mau nā ana.
.... ʻaʻole naʻe kekahi
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā papa kuhikuhi dietetics i ka manawa o Hippocrates, hoʻomau ʻo Avicenna. ʻO ka ʻai a he ʻāpana ia o ka therapy, ʻaʻole i kahi kino lahilahi.
Akā ʻo ka papaʻai kahi ala e hoʻopau ai i nā paona keu - ʻaʻole kahaha - ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻia i kahi kanaka e ʻeha ana i ka kaupaona. I ka 1087, ua hoʻoholo ʻo William the Conqueror ma kahi o ka ʻai ʻana e inu i ka ʻalekohola e hoʻi hou ai kona kaumaha a holo hou i ka lio.
Ma nā kenekulia 19 wale nō i hoʻomaka e hoʻonui i ka ikaika me ka lima māmā o ʻAmelike ʻo Laura Fraser. ʻO Laura, kahi mea hoʻonaninani liʻiliʻi, ʻohiʻohi i nā ʻike e pili ana i ka hakakā ʻana o ko mākou poʻe kūpuna me ka nui o ke kaupaona.
I ka 1870, ʻo William Banting, i loko o kāna "Letter on corpulence," e hana ana i kahi ʻōlelo kikoʻī e pili ana i ka makaʻu o ka meaʻai i loaʻa ka nui o ke kō a me ka starch. Ma hope o kāna mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, hōʻole ʻo ia i nā meaʻai like a lilo i 20 mau paona. Hoʻolahalaha ka manaʻo me ka wikiwiki loa ma waena o ka UK, a ʻike ʻia ka huaʻōlelo ʻo "Banting" - ka pohō kaumaha ma o ka papaʻai papa ʻana i ke kō a me ka starch.
Ma hope o 20 mau makahiki, “mokuahana” ke kālaikūlau ʻo Wilbur Atwater ma luna o nā protein, nā mea momona, a me nā mea ʻaʻā a me nā ana o ka calorie o kēlā me kēia hui. A laila he manaʻo ka lehulehu i ka nui o ka ikehu e hiki ai ke hāpai i ka meaʻai a pehea e pau ai kēia ikehu.
ʻO kaʻaila ʻenekini, arsenic, silika - meaʻai pū kekahi
I ka 1896, ʻo nā mea hana mua no ka hōʻemi wikiwiki wikiwiki ʻana he laxatives a me diuretics akā aia i waena o lākou a me nā mea e like me arsenic, holoi soda, strychnine, a me nā mea weliweli ʻē aʻe. Hoʻolaha ākea nā kālā, a wikiwiki, makemake nui lākou.
I ka makahiki 1900, ua kū mai lākou ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona mua o ka papaʻai meaʻai maka. Paipai ikaika ʻo Gerard Carrington i ka meaʻai, nā hua maka wale nō, a me nā mea kanu. A hoʻomaka ʻo ka mea kemika ʻAmelika ʻo Russell Chittenden i ke ana o ka meaʻai i nā calorie, e hoʻoholo ana i ka lawe ʻana o ka calorie no ke kanaka maʻamau.
I ka makahiki 20 o ke kenekulia 19, ua ʻike ka ʻepekema i nā kāne piha e hana ana i nā hale hana, nā pōkā, a me ka launa pū ʻana me ka lāʻau dinitrophenol e lilo koke ka paona. Eia kekahi mea i komo i loko o nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka lilo ʻana o ke kaumaha, a me ke ʻano o ka weliweli, ʻaʻole huikau nā kauka a me nā mea maʻi.
I ka Marion keʻokeʻo i ka 1843, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole pono ka aila mineral meaola ma kahi o ka mea kanu mau, ʻoiai ke kāne a no laila ʻaʻole e hoʻomake ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻolako i nā momona momona. Eia naʻe, no ka nui o nā hopena o ka ʻōnaehana digestive, ʻaʻole pili kēia mea hana.
I ka makahiki 1951, ʻike ʻia nā mea ʻono mua e pili ana i ka saccharin. ʻO nā meaʻai meaʻai ʻo Tilly Lewis - nā puddings, jellies, sauces, keke i makemake nui ʻia i waena o ka poʻe makemake e hoʻemi i ke kaumaha. Ma hope aʻe, ʻike ʻia nā huahana Ierusalemaites authorship, Batista. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea momona hoʻololi i ka fiber-artificial silk - kahi meaʻai meaʻai ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, ʻae nā mea kūʻai i ka heihei no ka lokahi i nā hoʻokolohua.
ʻO ka momona momona!
I ka makahiki 1961, ʻike ʻia nā fatwa he mea pono ʻole a weliweli loa hoʻi. E lilo i papahana mua e lilo i ka kaupaona, ka mea i ʻōlelo iā Jack Lalan e hoʻopili i ke kaʻina hana o ke kaupaona ʻana, kaʻai kaulike, ke koʻikoʻi i nā protein, ka lawelawe ʻana o nā multivitamins, a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā puke e hoʻoulu ai i ka manaʻo. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o 5 mau makahiki o ke kekelē, hoʻololi hou ia i ka momona o ka ʻaoʻao e pono ai i ka papaʻai o kēlā me kēia kanaka. ʻLelo lākou i nā pōmaikaʻi o nā momona momona, i loaʻa kaʻiʻo.
I ka makahiki 1976, ua haku ʻo Robert Lynn i kahi mea kōkua ʻaʻai no ka pohō kaumaha, hoʻomākaukau ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻili holoholona o ka honua, nā ʻami, nā iwi, a me nā ʻōpala ʻē aʻe mai nā ʻono hana a me nā kala. ʻO kēia mea hana ke alakaʻi aku nei i ka make o ka lilo ʻana o ke kaupaona i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, a he manaʻo kūleʻa ka manaʻo.
I ka makahiki 1980, ma nā papa o nā hale kūʻai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me nā puke he haneli he nui e pili ana i nā papaʻai i loaʻa i kekahi manawa nā ʻōlelo hoʻomākeʻaka mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana nui o ka wai ʻona e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi o ka noho e kekahi ʻano.
I nā makahiki 90, ka pilikia o ka momona i kahi pae hou. ʻIke ʻia he pilikia e koi ai i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā kauka; hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho i nā kumu no ke kaumaha o ka poʻe.
"E ʻai hou aʻe, a lilo i ka paona" - ua kapa ʻia ka puke a Dr. Dean Ornish, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka makahiki 1993. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia i nā kumuhana kumuwaiwai: ka ʻai kūpono o nā momona, ka helu ʻana i ka calorie, ke kū ʻana i ke ola o kēlā me kēia kanaka haʻuki, a me ke kākoʻo mandatory o ka poʻe e ʻeha nei i kēlā mau pilikia. Lilo ka puke i mea kūʻai aku maikaʻi loa, a, ʻo ka mea hope loa, ke hele nei ka ʻoihana papaʻai i ke ala kūpono.
A i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, aia nā mea hoʻohui no ka lilo ʻana o ka paona e pili ana i nā mea kanu akā loaʻa i loko o kā lākou haku a andarine, a laila ʻike ʻia nā lāʻau hoʻoweliweli.
ʻO ka hakakā me ka nui o ke kaupaona pinepine ʻole i kuhihewa i kēia lā paʻakikī e manaʻoʻiʻo hiki i ka poʻe ke hoʻohana i kēlā mau ala e lilo ai ka kaumaha.
ʻO nā papaʻai lapuwale loa
- ʻO kaʻai acidic a Lord Byron
Hoʻopulu ka Haku i ka meaʻai i loko o ka vīnega a i ʻole ka waikawa i hoʻohana ʻia, e hoʻoheheʻe iā ia me ka wai, me ka manaʻolana e wāwahi ka vīnega i nā momona. Ua make ʻo ia i ka makahiki 36, a ua hoʻoholo ka autopsy i ka luhi o nā mea āpau o loko. I nā '70s maʻAmelika, ua hele hou kēiaʻai ʻakika i Vogue - ua koi ʻia e hoʻokē ʻai e inu i kekahi mau punetune o ka vīne cider Apple e kāohi i ka makemake. I kēia lā ua hōʻoia ʻia ua lawe ka wai i kahi ʻōpū nele, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka pohō kaumaha ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka waikawa.
- Papaʻai hiamoe
Ma kahi o ka ʻai ʻana, pono wau e inu i ka lāʻau moe a hiamoe no ka mea ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia ka hiamoe o ke kanaka i ka mea. ʻOiai ka makaʻu, makemake nui ʻia ka papaʻai, a i ka makahiki 1976, ua lilo ke kaupaona ʻo Elvis Presley ma mua o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻahamele e komo i loko o kona lole wāwae keʻokeʻo kaʻao.
- ʻAiʻai Wormy
ʻO ka hopena o ka pohō kaumaha i ka wā o ka maʻi o nā parasite kanaka i hānai ʻia pēlā - kapa ʻia ka ilo-ʻai, kahi papaʻai i makemake ʻia i nā makahiki he iwakālua mua o ke kenekulia iwakālua. Ua pono wau e inu i kahi capsule pohihihi, a ua hūnā ʻia nā mea o loko, a kali i kahi hopena kupaianaha. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka papa mua i loko o ke kino o ka ilo, a make ka lua iā ia (manaʻo ʻia e inu ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kaumaha i makemake ʻia).
- ʻAiʻai Nicotine
I ke kau waena o ke kenekulia 20, ua hiki ke lilo kaupaona me ka uahi, "he puhipaka kahi o kahi momona." ʻO ia neʻe ʻana ʻana e like me ka neʻe ʻana me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka waiwai o ka nui o ka paka a ke hoʻohana nei i kēia manawa i ka wahi nikotine e makemake nei e lilo kaupaona.