Contents
ʻO Toxocariasis i nā keiki he zoonotic helminthiasis, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻōpū o loko a me nā maka e nā nematode larvae e neʻe ana i loko o ke kino. Hoʻoulu ʻia ka maʻi e ka ilo toxocara (Toxocara canis). He kino lōʻihi ko ka ilo e like me ke kinikini, kuhikuhi ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. Hiki i nā wahine ke hiki i 10 cm ka lōʻihi, a me nā kāne 6 cm.
Hoʻopili nā kānaka makua i ke kino o nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlio hae, nā ʻīlio hae a me nā canids ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o Toxocara i ke kino o nā pōpoki. Hoʻokuʻu nā holoholona i nā hua i loko o ke kaiapuni, a ma hope o kekahi manawa e lilo lākou i invasive, a laila komo lākou i ke kino o kahi mammal a neʻe i loko o laila, e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi. ʻO Toxocariasis, e like me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā helminthiases, no geohelminthiases, no ka mea, ke mākaukau nei nā hua me nā larvae no ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka lepo.
Hōʻike ʻia ka Toxocariasis i nā keiki e nā hōʻailona like ʻole a hiki ʻole i nā kauka ʻike i kekahi manawa ke hana i kahi maʻi ma muli o ke kiʻi o ka maʻi. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i nā larvae ke komo i loko o nā ʻāpana āpau o ke keiki, i ko lākou neʻe ʻana i loko o nā kīʻaha koko. Ma muli o ke kino i hoʻopili ʻia, ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi.
Eia nō naʻe, me ka toxocariasis mau, hoʻomohala nā keiki i nā hopena maʻi e like me ka urticaria a i ʻole ka hānō bronchial. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, ʻike ʻia ka edema o Quincke.
Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ka Toxocariasis ma waena o nā keiki ma lalo o 14 mau makahiki e noho ana ma nā kuaʻāina. I loko o ka wahi pilikia nui, nā keiki mai 3 a 5 mau makahiki. Hiki ke hoʻomau i ka maʻi no nā makahiki, a ʻaʻole kūleʻa nā mākua i ke keiki no nā ʻano pathologies. ʻO ka lāʻau antiparasitic kūpono wale nō e hoʻopakele i nā keiki mai nā pilikia olakino.
Nā kumu o ka toxocariasis i nā keiki
ʻO ke kumu o ka maʻi he ʻīlio pinepine. Loaʻa i nā ʻīlio ke koʻikoʻi epidemiological nui loa e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻi. He kakaikahi ka mea kumu o ka toxocariasis i loko o nā pōpoki.
ʻO nā parasite ma ke ʻano he like loa me nā ilo pōʻai kanaka, no ka mea, pili lākou i ka hui like o nā helminths. He ʻano like ko nā toxocars a me nā roundworms, he ʻano pōʻai ola like. Eia naʻe, he kanaka ka host definitive ma Ascaris, ʻoiai ma Toxocara he ʻīlio. No laila, ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi.
Inā komo nā parasite i loko o ke kino o kahi kanaka i hoʻokipa ʻole ʻia no lākou, a laila hoʻonāukiuki lākou i ka pōʻino nui i nā ʻōpū o loko, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke noho maʻamau i loko o kona kino. ʻAʻole hiki i nā larvae ke hoʻopau pono i ko lākou ola ʻana a lilo i kanaka makua kāne.
Hoʻokomo nā Toxocars i ke kino o nā holoholona (nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio) ma o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ʻo ka mea pinepine kēia i ka wā e ʻai ai i nā mea momona ʻē aʻe, i ka wā e ʻai ai i nā feces me nā larvae, i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o nā puppies (hiki i nā larvae ke komo i ka placenta), a i ka wā o nā ʻīlio. ua hānai ʻia e ka makuahine maʻi. Ma lalo o ka mana o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā larvae mai ko lākou pūpū, komo i loko o ke koko i loko o ke ake, i loko o ka vena cava haʻahaʻa, i loko o ka atrium ʻākau a i loko o ka māmā. A laila, piʻi lākou i loko o ka trachea, i loko o ka larynx, i loko o ka puʻu, aʻai houʻia me ka kohu, komo hou i ka'ōpū o ka'ōpū, kahi i hiki ai i ka wā'ōpiopio. Aia i loko o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi o nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio e ola ai ʻo Toxocara, parasitize a hoʻonui. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia kā lākou mau hua me nā faeces i loko o ke kaiapuni o waho a ma hope o kekahi manawa mākaukau no ka hoʻouka ʻana.
ʻO ka maʻi o nā keiki me ka toxocariasis e like me kēia:
Ale ke keiki i na hua o ka ilo mai ka hulu o ka holoholona.
ʻAi ke keiki i nā meaʻai i hoʻohaumia ʻia me nā hua Toxocara (ʻo ka pinepine o nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā hua, nā mea kanu).
ʻAi ke keiki i ka lepo (ke one pinepine) me nā hua toxocara. Hana ʻia kēia i ka wā o nā pāʻani i ka pahu one a ma muli o nā ʻano makahiki o nā keiki.
He pōʻino koʻikoʻi ka moʻo ma ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i ka toxocariasis i ke kanaka. ʻAi lākou i nā hua ilo a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o nā hale o nā kānaka, e lūlū pinepine i ka meaʻai kanaka me kā lākou feces me nā hua ola. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi i loko o ke kanaka.
Hiki i nā puaʻa, nā moa, nā keiki hipa ke hana ma ke ʻano he mālama holoholona no nā larvae toxocar. No laila, hiki i ke keiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi ma ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo maʻi.
ʻO nā kamaliʻi liʻiliʻi ka mea i loaʻa pinepine i ka maʻi toxocariasis, no ka mea, ua hana maikaʻi lākou i nā lula hoʻomaʻemaʻe pilikino. Hāʻule ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ke kau mahana, i ka wā e ulu pinepine ai ka pilina kanaka me ka honua.
I ka manawa i loko o ke kino o kahi keiki, komo ka toxocara larvae i loko o ka ʻōnaehana systemic a noho i loko o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. No ka mea he wahi kūpono ʻole ke kino o ke kanaka no ka toxocara, ua hoʻopuni ʻia ka larva i loko o kahi capsule paʻa a ma kēia ʻano e hana ʻole ia no ka manawa lōʻihi. I kēia moku'āina, hiki ke noho nā larvae parasite no nā makahiki he nui. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ʻae ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke keiki iā ia e neʻe, e hoʻouka mau ana i kahi mea ʻē. ʻO ka hopena, ma kahi i kū ai ka parasite, hiki mai ka mumū mau. Inā nāwaliwali ka ʻōnaehana pale, e ʻeleu ka ilo a ʻoi aku ka maʻi.
Nā hōʻailona o ka toxocariasis i nā keiki
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka toxocariasis i nā keiki ma lalo o ka makahiki 12 e ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia, i kekahi manawa ke hele nei ka maʻi i kahi papa koʻikoʻi. I ka wā ʻelemakule, hiki ke holoi ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, a i ʻole ka pau ʻole o nā hoʻopiʻi mai ka mea maʻi.
Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka toxocariasis i nā keiki ma ke ʻano o ka maʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kino i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka parasite:
Visceral toxocariasis i na keiki me ka poino i na kino o loko. No ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻōpala o ka ilo i loko o ke kino ma o nā veins, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka noho ʻana i loko o kēlā mau kino i lako pono i ke koko, akā ʻaʻole ikaika ke kahe o ke koko. ʻO ka hapa nui ʻo ia ka māmā, ke ake a me ka lolo.
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā ʻāpana digestive o ke keiki (ake, biliary tract, pancreas, ʻōpū) e nā larvae Toxocar, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona:
Eha ma ka hypochondrium akau, ma ka opu, ma ka piko.
Nā maʻi ʻai.
Puʻupuʻu.
ʻawaʻawa ma ka waha.
ʻO ka hoʻololi pinepine ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi a me ka constipation.
Puka a luwau.
ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino, lag i ka hoʻomohala kino.
Inā pili ka toxocars i ka māmā, a laila hoʻomohala ke keiki i nā hōʻailona broncho-pulmonary ʻano me ka ʻu maloʻo, pōkole o ka hanu, a me ka pilikia o ka hanu. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hānō bronchial. Aia nā hōʻike o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka maʻi pneumonia, i pau i ka make.
Inā noho nā larvae ma nā puʻuwai puʻuwai, a laila alakaʻi kēia i ka ulu ʻana o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai i ka mea maʻi. He polū ka ʻili o ke keiki, nā lālā lalo a me luna, ka triangle nasolabial. ʻOiai i ka hoʻomaha ʻana, pōkole ka hanu a me ka ʻuʻu. Me ka hāʻule o ka hapa ʻākau o ka puʻuwai, ʻike ʻia ka edema koʻikoʻi ma nā wāwae. Pono kēia ʻano i ka hale maʻi pilikia.
ʻO ka ocular toxocariasis i nā keiki. ʻAʻole pānaʻi ʻia nā kino o ka hihiʻo e ka toxocara larvae, hōʻike ʻia kēia e ka nalowale o ka ʻike, ka hyperemia conjunctival, ka ʻōpuʻu o ka maka, a me ka ʻeha o ka maka. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kekahi maka.
ʻĀiwi toxocariasis i nā keiki. Inā komo nā larvae i nā dermis o ke keiki, a laila hōʻike ʻia kēia e ka ʻeha nui, ke ahi, ka manaʻo o ka neʻe ma lalo o ka ʻili. Ma kahi i kū ai ka larva, e like me ke kānāwai, e kū mau ana ka mumū mau.
Nā Neuropie toxocariasis i nā keiki. Inā ua komo ka toxocara larva i loko o nā meninges, a laila hōʻike ka maʻi iā ia iho me nā hōʻailona neurological hiʻohiʻona: nā maʻi maʻi, ka nalowale o ke kaulike, nā poʻo, nā pilikia hiamoe, dizziness, nā hōʻailona o ka pōʻino o ka lolo (convulsions, paralysis, paresis, etc.).
Ma kahi o kahi e kū ai ka larva, hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana immune e hoʻouka iā ia, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hopena maʻi:
ʻ Skinhū ʻili. ʻO ka pinepine, ua like ia me ka nahu namu a me ke ʻano o ke apo. ʻO ka maʻi ʻino a hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi āpau o ke kino.
ʻO ka edema o Quincke. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano e ka pehu ʻana o nā ʻiʻo palupalu ma ka ʻāʻī. Me ka haʻi ʻōlelo ʻana, hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia ka hānō, a inā ʻaʻole hāʻawi ʻia ke kōkua kūpono, e alakaʻi i ka make o ke keiki.
Hānō Bronchial. ʻAke mau ke keiki. He ʻano maloʻo ka ʻū, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka sputum i nā mea liʻiliʻi. I ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana, lohe ʻia ka uwē ikaika a me ka hanu ʻana.
ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau o ka toxocariasis i nā keiki:
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ke kino i ka 37-38 ° C a ma luna, kahi kūlana feverish.
ʻO ka ʻona o ke kino me ka nāwaliwali, ke poʻo, ka pau ʻana o ka ʻai.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā lymph nodes i ka nui, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e ʻeha a paʻa mau.
ʻO ka maʻi pulmonary me ka ʻū maloʻo mau.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka spleen a me ka ate i ka nui.
ʻO ka hōʻino ʻana i ka microflora intestinal.
ʻO nā maʻi pinepine e pili ana me ka immunosuppression.
ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka toxocariasis i nā keiki
He paʻakikī loa ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka toxocariasis i nā keiki, no ka mea, paʻakikī loa nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi mai nā maʻi o nā kino ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia ke kumu i mālama maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ai kēlā mau keiki e nā gastroenterologists, pulmonologists a me nā loea liʻiliʻi no ka manawa lōʻihi. Hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe Pediatrics i kēlā mau keiki i ka maʻi pinepine.
Hiki ke kānalua ʻia ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana e ka piʻi ʻana o nā eosinophils i loko o ke koko (ʻo lākou ke kuleana no ka pale ʻana i ka antiparasitic) a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka immunoglobulin E.
I kekahi manawa hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā larvae Toxocara i ka sputum i ka wā o ka hoʻokolokolo microscopic. Eia naʻe, ʻo ke ala ʻike nui loa e ʻike ai i kēia hoʻouka kaua ʻana ʻo ELISA me ka antigen extrasecretory o Toxocara larvae.
Ka mālama ʻana i ka toxocariasis i nā keiki
Hoʻomaka ka mālama ʻana i ka toxocariasis i nā keiki me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau anthelmintic.
ʻO ka pinepine, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ke keiki i kekahi o kēia mau lāʻau:
Mintezol. ʻO ka papa o ka mālama ʻana hiki ke 5-10 mau lā.
ʻO Vermox. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka papa o ka mālama ʻana mai 14 a 28 mau lā.
dithrazine citrate. Lawe ʻia ka lāʻau no 2-4 mau pule.
Albendazole. Hiki ke lōʻihi ka papa holoʻokoʻa mai 10 a 20 mau lā.
Eia kekahi, pono ke keiki e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka microflora intestinal. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua kauoha ʻia ʻo ia i nā probiotics Linex, Bifiform, Bifidum forte, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻemi ʻia ka lāʻau hōʻailona ma ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau antipyretic (Paracetamol, Ibuprofen). Me ka ʻeha nui o ka ʻōpū, hiki ke kuhikuhi iā Papaverine. No ka hoʻopauʻana i nā hopena maʻi, ua kauohaʻia ke keiki i nā antihistamines, e like me Zirtek, Zodak, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Hoʻohana like ia i nā hopena electrolyte i lawelawe ʻia i loko o kahi haukapila e hōʻemi i nā hōʻailona o ka ʻona.
Pono e kuhikuhi i nā hepatoprotectors i nā keiki, e ʻae ai e hoʻihoʻi i ka hana o ke ake. Inā he pono, ʻaʻole wale he parasitologist, pediatrician a me ka maʻi maʻi infectious specialist, akā he neurologist, ophthalmologist, a me ke kauā i komo i ka hana.
Ke hōʻeha ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, hōʻike ʻia ke kau ʻana o ke keiki i kahi haukapila.
Ma waho aʻe o ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ke keiki i kahi meaʻai kūikawā, e hoʻoneʻe ana mai ka papa kuhikuhi i nā huahana a pau e hiki ke hoʻoulu i kahi hopena maʻi. ʻO kēia ke kokoleka, nā hua citrus, nā mea ʻala, nā ʻiʻo puhi, etc.
Ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke keiki mai ka haukapila, nānā ʻia ʻo ia e ka pediatrician no kekahi makahiki, e kipa aku iā ia i kēlā me kēia 2 mahina. Ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi, ʻaʻole paʻa ʻia nā keiki no 1-3 mau mahina. No ka manawa like, hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka hoʻonaʻauao kino.
Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka prognosis no ka toxocariasis i nā keiki, ʻaʻole nui ka pōʻino i ka puʻuwai, lolo a me nā maka. Eia naʻe, pilikia loa ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana me ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono.