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ʻO ka hāpai ʻana ma hope o 30: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hana a me ka uku
Wahi a ka noiʻi hou loa a ka National Institute of Demographic Studies (INED), He 8 o 10 mau wahine e hooikaika ana i ka makahiki 25-53 (Dares) (1). ʻO ka manawa o 20 a 30 mau makahiki ke hoʻomau nei i nā haʻawina, ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke ola hana a loaʻa i kahi kūlana ʻoihana paʻa. I ka pōkole, ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka manawa kūpono e hānau keiki. Wahi a kahi noiʻi ʻAmelika-Denemaka i paʻi ʻia ma Ianuali 2016 (2), ʻo kēia helu ʻana e pono kālā. Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻikepili o 1,6 miliona mau wahine Denemaka ma waena o 1996 a me 2009, ʻike nā mea noiʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hānau ʻana i kāu pēpē mua ma hope o 30 hanauia emi ka poho kālā, e pili ana i ka uku a me ka haʻalele makuahine, a i ka wā e loaʻa ai kāu keiki mua ma mua o 25 makahiki. No Raùl Santaeulalia-Llopis, ka mea kākau nui o ka noiʻi: “ʻAʻole hoʻopau nā keiki i kahi ʻoihana, akā ʻo ka hiki koke mai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā o ka makuahine.No laila, he waiwai kālā maoli no nā wahine, a ʻoi aku ka ʻoihana ākea, i ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ka makahiki o ka hānau keiki.
A hiki i ka makahiki hea e hiki ai ke hapai maoli?
No nā kiʻi, ua like ka nānā ʻana: fertility, ka mea i hiki i kona kiʻekiʻe i ka iwakālua, e hoʻomau i ka emi ʻana, i ka manawa mua ma waena o 20 a me 30 mau makahiki, a laila ma waena o 30 a me 40. Ma 25 mau makahiki, kēlā me kēia menstrual cycle loaʻa He 25% ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hāpai ʻana. Inā ʻaʻole he abnormality, no laila ua manaʻo mākou e hāpai ʻia ma hope o 4 mau mahina o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia ʻana, ʻoiai ke ʻōlelo nei mākou e kali i hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o ke kūkākūkā ʻana. Ke hāʻule nei kēia helu i ka 15% o ka hāpai ʻana i kēlā me kēia pōʻai i ka makahiki 30, a laila i ka 10-12% i ka makahiki 35. Ma ka makahiki 40, ʻo 5 a 6% wale nō ka manawa o ka hāpai ʻana i ka pēpē. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ma hope o 45 mau makahiki, ʻo ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana ma kahi o 0,5% i kēlā me kēia pōʻai. ʻIke helu maʻemaʻe, hōʻike wale kēia mau ʻikepili i ka lōʻihi o kou kali ʻana, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana a pono e hoʻohana i ka hānau ʻana i kōkua ʻia e ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
I ka makahiki hea e emi ai kou momona?
Ina gynecologists paipai nui ia makou e i kā mākou mau keiki ma waena o 20 a 35 mau makahiki, no ka mea, ua emi ka maikaʻi o nā oocytes i nā makahiki. “ I loko o nā hola he 36 ma mua o ka ovulation, pono e hoʻokuʻu ka oocyte makua i kahi pūʻulu o nā chromosomes, e hoʻokō pono i ka sperm a hāʻawi i kahi kanaka olakino. », Wehewehe 'o Prof. Wolf, gynecologist a me ke po'o o ka 'Oihana Cecos (3) o ka Halemai Cochin ma Paris. “ Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kēia ejection o ka genetic material e koi ai i ka ikehu nui, ʻo ia iho ke emi mau nei. Ma kahi o 37 mau makahiki, hoʻomaka ka nele o ka ikehu e kipaku i kēia pūʻulu chromosomes. ʻO kēia ke kumu o nā hihia o trisomy 21, a ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā genetic abnormalities, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau i nā pēpē mai kēia makahiki. »
Akā inā hiki i ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i kāu mau hua i kou wā ʻōpiopio ke hoʻonui i ka manawa o ka hāpai ʻana ma hope, ʻaʻole ia he helu maikaʻi. No ka mea ʻO kēia mau hāpai ʻana e noho pilikia loa ana, no ke olakino o ka pēpē a me ka makuahine, ʻoiai inā he genetically viable ka oocyte. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, ka hoʻopaneʻe o ka ulu ʻana o ka fetal, prematurity ... Ma hope o 40-45 mau makahiki, ʻoiaʻiʻo nā pilikia.
ʻO nā makahiki kūpono ma waena o ʻelua hāpai ʻana
ʻIke loa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keiki a mākou e makemake ai, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā mākou makemake e "hoʻomaka" i ka wā mua i lawa ka manawa i mua ou. Pēlā nō, inā ʻike ʻoe he maʻi kou e hoʻopōʻino i ka hānau ʻana (endometriosis, fibroids, polycystic ovaries), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole e hoʻopaneʻe nui. Ke makemake nei e hoʻokumu pololei i ka makahiki kūpono e like me ka papa i manaʻo ʻia, ua hoʻomohala nā mea noiʻi Dutch (4) i kahi hoʻohālike kamepiula e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka momona me ka makahiki. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā makahiki he 300 o ka ʻikepili, ua helu lākou i ka pākēneka o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o nā keiki i makemake ʻia, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao e hoʻihoʻi i ka in vitro fertilization, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao e loaʻa hou i ia.
I mea e loaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi he 90% manawa ohoʻokahi wale nō keiki, pono e hoʻomaka nā kāne e hāpai i ka pēpē inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ke 35 mau makahiki o ka hoa, inā he koho e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka fertilization in vitro. E hāʻule kēia helu i ka 31 inā makemake ʻoe e loaʻa ʻelua keiki, a ma 28 inā makemake ʻoe i ʻekolu. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā ʻaʻole manaʻo kekahi i ka IVF, pono ia no ka laʻana hoʻomaka i nā hoʻokolohua pēpē mua ma 27 makahiki, inā makemake ʻoe i ʻelua keiki, a mai 23 makahiki inā makemake ʻoe i ʻekolu. Ma waho aʻe o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kiʻi (ʻaʻole pono e lawe maoli ʻia, ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia wahine), pono kēia mau hōʻailona e hoʻomanaʻo iā mākou. ʻaʻole mīkini ke kino wahine. Ma hope o ka hāpai mua ʻana, pono e hāʻawi ʻia ke kino i ka manawa e ola ai.
(1) Ke kuhikuhi o ka animation o ka noiʻi, nā haʻawina a me nā helu. (2) PlOs One loiloi, 22/01/16. (3) Kikowaena no ke a'o a me ka mālama 'ana i nā hua manu a me ka hua kanaka.(4) Revue Human Reproduction, 01/06/2015.