ʻO Adenomegaly ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā lymph node, kahi hoʻonui e hiki ai i nā maʻi bacteria a viral paha, a i hoʻopili ʻia i ke alo o nā tumors.

Ke pili ia i ka ganglia o ka mediastinum, he lymphadenopathy mediastinal, kahi lymphadenopathy cervix inā piʻi ka nui o ka leo i nā lymph node o ka ʻāʻī, a i ʻole kahi lymphadenopathy axillary ke eia kēia nā lymph nodes (kahi inoa lymph node) i loko o ka nā ʻāpana lima i hoʻonui ʻia. Hiki iā ia ke inguinal, a hoʻopili i nā piko i loko o ke kōkō. ʻO ka hopena pinepine ʻo Adenomegaly mai kahi kānana koʻikoʻi ma ka ʻōnaehana pale, a ʻo nā pūnana lymph nā mea nui.

Adenomegaly, he aha ia?

Etymologically, adenomegaly ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā gland: hele mai kēia huaʻōlelo mai ka Greek, "adén" ʻo ia hoʻi "gland" a me "mega" ʻo ia hoʻi ka nui. No laila ʻo Adenomegaly kahi hoʻonui ʻana o nā lymph node, i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia hoʻi nā lymph node, e ukali ana i ka maʻi ma kahi maʻi, bacteria a parasite paha, a i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi tumo, ʻo ia hoʻi.

ʻO nā lymph node he nodule ma nā moku lymphatic ma kekahi mau wahi o ke kino.

• Aia nā lymph nodes ma ka mediastinum ma ka mediastinum, ka mahele waena o ka iwi rib (aia ma waena o nā māmā ʻelua, kokoke i ka puʻuwai, trachea, bronchi, a me esophagus). Inā hoʻonui ʻia lākou, e ʻōlelo mākou no ka mediastinal lymphadenopathy.
• Aia nā nū o ka iwi āpau i ka ʻāʻī: ke piʻi ka nui o lākou, aia ka maʻi lymphadenopathy.
• Inā pili ka adenomegaly i nā lymph nodes i waiho ʻia ma lalo o nā ʻelima, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka lymphadenopathy axillary.
• ʻO ka mea hope loa, ke pili kēia hypertrophy i nā node lymph inguinal, a i ʻole ma ka ʻeha, e hoʻoulu mākou i ka lymphadenopathy inguinal.

Pehea e ʻike ai i ka adenomegaly?

ʻO nā lymph node hoʻonui ʻia e hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ke kauka i ka wā o kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua. Aia nō ia ma ka palpation i hiki ai i ke kauka ke ʻike i nā puʻupuʻu kūpono ʻole i loko o kēia mau lymph node.

Hiki i ka mea hoʻomanawanui ke manaʻo iā ia iho i ka hiʻona o kahi "puʻupuʻu" liʻiliʻi a i ʻole "nui" i nā lima lima, ʻāʻī a i ʻole ʻūlū, i kekahi manawa me ka fiva.

Hōʻoia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i ke kuhi, e like me ultrasound a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi. I ka thorax, i ke kikoʻī, e hoʻoneʻe ʻia kēia mau lymphadenopathies mediastinal me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka tomography compacic, a hiki ke kiʻi ʻia ka hōʻailona, ​​e pili ana i ko lākou wahi, e ka mediastinoscopy (ka nānā ʻana i ka mediastinum ma o ka endoscope), mediastinotomy (incision o ka mediastinum) aiʻole ka thoracoscopy. Hiki i ka Histology ke hiki, ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā hunaola, e hoʻoholo inā paha he maʻi ʻino ka lymphadenopathy.

Nā mea pilikino

ʻOi aku ka makaʻu o ka poʻe Immunocompromised i nā maʻi, a no laila ke hoʻomohala ʻana i ka adenomegaly: nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi HIV, no ka laʻana, a i ʻole nā ​​mea maʻi ma ka lāʻau hoʻomalu pale. 

ʻO ka maʻi ponoʻī kahi mea pilikia no adenomegaly.

Nā kumu o ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā lymph nodes: loulou i kā lākou kuleana i ka pale

Hoʻohana ʻia nā lymph node i kānana lymph. He mea nui nō hoʻi lākou i ka pale o ke kino, a no laila i kāna mau pale.

No laila, aia i loko o kēia mau ganglia ka hōʻike o nā antigens o nā kino haole (nā microorganism infectious, i hiki ke lilo i bacteria, nā mea ʻino a i ʻole nā ​​parasites), i nā hunaola o ka ʻōnaehana pale i kapa ʻia ʻo T a me B lymphocytes. (ie, nā keʻokeʻo koko keʻokeʻo).

Ma hope o kēia hōʻike antigenic, e kīkē ana ke kino i ka pane pale i nā ʻaoʻao infectious, a i ʻole nā ​​kino ponoʻī o ke kino (nā tumors pinepine). ʻO kēia pane e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o nā mea ʻāpuna e nā limfositcy B (i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka palekana o ka humoral) a i ʻole kahi pane pūnaewele, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka pane cytotoxic, e pili ana i nā lymphocytes CD8 T (kahi pane i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka pale ʻana o ke kelepona). 

Mai kēia hoʻonā ʻana o ka pane pale i loko o ka ganglion e wehewehe ʻia ka hypertrophy i ka manawa o adenomegaly: ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka helu o nā lymphocytes (ʻo ia hoʻi nā pūnaewele o ka ganglion) e hoʻonui ikaika ana i ka hoʻonui. ka nui o ka pānā lymph. Hoʻohui ʻia, hana pū kekahi ia i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai infiltrate i ka lymph node, e hoʻonui hou ana i kona nui. Hiki i nā hunaola hoʻowahāwahā ke hoʻonui ma laila, ʻo ia nā aʻa immune pono ʻole o ka ganglion, e alakaʻi ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ganglia.

Nā kumu Benign

ʻO kekahi mau kumu maikaʻi o ka nui o ka nui o ka lymph node ka:

• sarcoidosis (kahi maʻi ākea o ke kino o ke kumu ʻike ʻole ʻia);
• tuberculosis, ʻike maopopo ʻia ma hope o ka lympadenopathy mediastinal;
• a me nā maʻi infectious curable ʻē aʻe, e like me mononucleosis i hoʻokumu ʻia e Epstein-Barr virus, a pēlā aku.

Nā kumu kūlohelohe

Aia nā kumu kolohe, i waena o nā:

• nā tumors, cancer and metastases, e like me Hodgkin's a i ʻole non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, ʻike pinepine ʻia hoʻi ma o ka lympadenopathy mediastinal (ma hope o ka x-ray umauma);
• nā maʻi autoimmune: i kekahi lupus, a i ʻole rheumatoid arthritis;
• ʻoi aku nā maʻi ʻino ʻoi aku, e like me ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia i ka maʻi HIV, HIV, a i ʻole hepatitis viral, a pēlā aku.

ʻO nā pilikia nui o nā pilikia o adenomegaly, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻopili ʻia i kāna etiologies:

• I ka hihia o nā tumors, hiki i ka pathology ke hoʻololi i nā tumors malignant a i ʻole ke ʻano o nā metastases, ʻo ia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻalo ma kahi mamao mai ka lymphadenopathy.
• I ka hihia o ka maʻi me ka maʻi HIV, ʻo ka maʻi virus SIDA, ʻo nā pilikia i loaʻa i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka immunodeficiency, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi āpau.
• Loaʻa i nā maʻi Autoimmune kahi loiloi me ka makaʻu o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi, hiki ke hōʻeha i nā ʻehaʻeha a me nā kīnā koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana, ʻo ia nō ka maʻi i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka pānaha lymph hoʻonui:

• antibiotic a i ʻole antiviral lapaʻau, a i ʻole antiparasitic, inā aia ke alo o kahi lymph node i hoʻonui ʻia ma muli o kahi mea pathogenic (bacteria, virus a parasite paha);
• lapaʻau anti-cancer i ka hihia o kahi tumo, kahi e hoʻohui ai i ka radiotherapy a me ka chemotherapy;
• immunosuppressants, no ka laʻana i ka hihia o nā maʻi autoimmune.
• ʻO ke kaha, i kekahi mau hihia, e hemo i ka piko.

No laila he hōʻailona ʻo Adenomegaly he mea nui ia e ʻike me ka hikiwawe, a e hōʻike koke aku i kāu kauka e hele nei: hiki i ka mea hope ke hana i ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e ka palpation ke ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka lehulehu ma nā wahi cervix, axillary a inguinal paha, a i ʻole ʻike ʻia ma ka pahu x-ray umauma, no ka lymphadenopathy mediastinal. Hiki i kēia ʻoihana olakino ke hoʻoholo i ka lapaʻau e hoʻomaka ai a i ʻole ka loea e kūkākūkā ai. No laila, ʻo ke kumu o ka mālama ʻana i ke kumu o adenomegaly, ʻo ka nui o ka manawa o ka hoʻōla.