Me he mea lā i kēia manawa ua mahalo ka honua i ka loaʻa ʻana o Alexander Fleming. Ma lalo o hoʻokahi haneli i hala mai ka makana "aliʻi" i ka honua maʻi holoʻokoʻa, penicillin mua, a laila he pūʻulu multivariate o nā lāʻau antibiotic. A laila, i ka makahiki 1929, me he mea lā i kēia manawa - e lanakila ke kanaka i nā maʻi e hōʻeha iā ia. A aia kekahi mea e hopohopo ai. Kolera, typhus, tuberculosis, pneumonia i hoouka ia me ke aloha ole a lawe aku me ka lokoino like o na kanaka hana paakiki, a me na noonoo oioi loa o ka 'epekema holomua, a me na mea pena kii kii. Moʻolelo o nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua ʻike ʻo A. Fleming i ka hopena antibiotic o nā fungi a, e hoʻomau ana i ka noiʻi, ua hoʻokumu i ke kumu no ka wā i kapa ʻia ʻo "antibiotic". Ua ʻohi ka nui o nā ʻepekema a me nā kauka i ka baton, kahi i hana ai i nā lāʻau antibacterial mua loa i loaʻa i ka lāʻau "maʻamau". ʻO 1939. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana Streptocide ma ka mea kanu AKRIKHIN. A, pono wau e ʻōlelo, kahaha i ka manawa. ʻO nā manawa pilikia o ke Kaua Honua II e kū mai ana i mua. A laila, ma nā halemai kahua kaua, mahalo i nā lāʻau antibiotic, ʻaʻole hoʻokahi kaukani ola i hoʻopakele ʻia. ʻAe, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka maʻi epidemiological i ke ola kīwila. Ma kahi huaʻōlelo, ua hoʻomaka ke kanaka e hiamoe me ka mālie - ma ka liʻiliʻi ua lanakila ka ʻenemi bacteria. A laila e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka nui o nā lāʻau antibiotic. E like me ka mea i hoʻololi ʻia, ʻoiai ke kūpono o ke kiʻi lapaʻau, loaʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi minus - ua pau ka hana ʻana i ka manawa. Kāhea ka poʻe ʻoihana i kēia ʻano he bacterial resistance, a i ʻole addiction wale nō. Ua akahele ʻo A. Fleming i kēia kumuhana, i ka wā e nānā ana i kāna mau paipu hoʻāʻo i ka piʻi mau ʻana o ke ola o ka bacilli bacteria i ka hui penicillin. Eia naʻe, ua hiki wawe ka hopohopo. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic, ua haku ʻia nā hanauna hou, ʻoi aku ka ikaika, ʻoi aku ke kūʻē ... A ʻaʻole mākaukau ka honua e hoʻi i nā nalu maʻi maʻi kahiko. Eia naʻe ma ka pā o ke kenekulia XX - ke ʻimi nei ke kanaka i ka lewa! Ua ikaika ka wā o nā lāʻau antibiotic, me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā maʻi weliweli - ʻaʻole i hiamoe ka maʻi bacteria, hoʻololi a loaʻa i ka pale ʻana i ko lākou mau ʻenemi, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā ampoules a me nā pila. I loko o ke au o ka "antibiotic", ua maopopo i kēia kumu momona, auwe, ʻaʻole mau loa. I kēia manawa ua koi ʻia ka poʻe ʻepekema e hoʻōho e pili ana i ko lākou hiki ʻole mai. Ua hana ʻia ka hanauna hou loa o nā lāʻau antibacterial a ke hana mau nei - ʻo ka ikaika loa, hiki ke lanakila i nā maʻi paʻakikī loa. ʻAʻohe pono e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao - ʻaʻole kēia he kuleana kaumaha i kūkākūkā ʻia. Me he mea lā ua hoʻopau ka poʻe Pharmacologists i kā lākou waiwai holoʻokoʻa, a ʻike ʻia paha ʻaʻole loaʻa kahi lāʻau antibiotic hou. ʻO ka hanauna hope loa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hānau ʻia i ka makahiki 70 o ke kenekulia i hala, a i kēia manawa nā hoʻāʻo a pau e synthesize i kahi mea hou he mau pāʻani me ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo. A kaulana loa. A ʻo ka mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia, me he mea lā, ʻaʻole ola hou. I ka ʻaha kūkā ʻepekema a me ka hana "Safe Protection of Children from Infections" i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Iune 4, 2012, kahi i komo ai nā clinicians alakaʻi, microbiologists a me nā ʻelele o ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, ua hoʻolei ʻia kahi uwē ʻaʻohe manawa i koe e noho ai ma luna o ka mea kahiko. nā hana antibacterial. A ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa e nā pediatricians a me nā mākua ponoʻī - kūʻai ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau me ka ʻole o ke kau ʻana a ma ka "pahu mua" - hoʻemi i kēia manawa exponentially. Hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka hana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka ʻaoʻao ma nā ʻano ʻelua ʻokoʻa - e ʻimi i nā manawa hou i ke kahua o nā lāʻau antibiotic a hana e hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻāpana hoʻopau, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao. e ʻimi i nā ala ʻē aʻe. A laila puka mai kahi mea hoihoi loa. Bacteriophages. Ma mua koke o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā "antibiotic" me nā hopena āpau, ua loaʻa i nā ʻepekema nā ʻikepili kipi e pili ana i ka hana antibacterial o nā phages. I ka makahiki 1917, ua ʻike mua ka ʻepekema Farani-Kanada ʻo F. D'Herelle i nā bacteriophages, akā ma mua, ʻo ko mākou hoa aloha ʻo NF Gamaleya i ka makahiki 1898 no ka manawa mua i ʻike a wehewehe i ka luku ʻana i nā maʻi ʻino e ka "agent" kūʻē. Ma kahi huaʻōlelo, ua kamaʻāina ka honua i nā bacteriophages - nā microorganism e hānai maoli i ka bacteria. He nui nā hoʻomaikaʻi e pili ana i kēia kumuhana i mele ʻia, ua haʻaheo nā bacteriophages i loko o ka ʻōnaehana biological, e wehe ana i nā maka o nā ʻepekema i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia i nā kaʻina hana i ʻike ʻole ʻia. Ua walaʻau nui lākou i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻo ka ʻai ʻana o ka bacteriophages i ka bacteria, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke mālama ʻia nā maʻi ma ke kanu ʻana i kahi koloni o nā phages i loko o kahi kino nāwaliwali. E ʻai lākou iā lākou iho… No laila, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō… A hiki i ka wā i huli ai ka manaʻo o ka poʻe ʻepekema i ke kahua o nā lāʻau antibiotic i kū mai. ʻO ka paradox o ka mōʻaukala, auwe, i ka nīnau "No ke aha?" ʻaʻole hāʻawi i ka pane. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻāpana o nā lāʻau antibiotic e ka lele a me nā palena a hele i ka honua me kēlā me kēia minuke, e kāpae ana i ka hoihoi i nā phages. Me ka liʻiliʻi, hoʻomaka lākou e poina, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka hana ʻana, a ua hoʻohenehene ʻia nā koena o nā ʻepekema - nā mea pili. Pono ʻole e ʻōlelo, ma ke Komohana, a ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ʻAmelika, kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai ka manawa e hana ai me nā bacteriophages, hōʻole lākou iā lākou me ko lākou mau lima āpau, e lawe ana i nā lāʻau antibiotic. A ma ko mākou ʻāina, e like me ka mea i hana ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa, ua lawe lākou i kahi kumu hoʻohālike haole no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻO ka papa ʻōlelo: "Inā ʻaʻole ʻo ʻAmelika i hana i nā bacteriophages, a laila ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻopau i ka manawa" e like me nā huaʻōlelo i kahi kuhikuhi ʻepekema hoʻohiki. I kēia manawa, i ka wā i oʻo ai ka pilikia maoli i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka microbiology, hoʻoweliweli, e like me ka poʻe i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ma ka ʻaha kūkā, e hoʻolei koke iā mākou ʻaʻole i loko o ka "pre-antibiotic" au, akā i loko o ka "post-antibiotic", aia. pono e hoʻoholo wikiwiki. Hiki i kekahi ke koho wale i ka weliweli o ke ola i loko o ka honua kahi i lilo ai nā lāʻau antibiotic i mea ʻole, no ka mea, mahalo i ka ulu ʻana o ka addiction o ka bacteria, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā maʻi "maʻamau", a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka paepae o ka nui o lākou. hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka palekana o nā lāhui he nui i ka wā kamaliʻi. ʻO ke kumukūʻai no ka loaʻa ʻana o Fleming ua lilo i mea kiʻekiʻe loa, i hui pū ʻia me ka ukupanee i loaʻa ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki ... ʻO ko mākou ʻāina, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea i hoʻomohala nui ʻia ma ke kahua o ka microbiology a me ka mea i hoʻomohala ʻia ma ke kahua o ka noiʻi bacteriophage, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā mālama hoʻoikaika. ʻOiai e poina ana ke koena o ka honua i nā phages, mālama mākou a hoʻonui i ko mākou ʻike e pili ana iā lākou. Ua puka mai kekahi mea hoihoi. ʻO nā bacteriophages he mau "antagonists" maoli o ka bacteria. ʻOiaʻiʻo, mālama ke ʻano naʻauao i nā mea ola a pau i ka wanaʻao. Loaʻa nā Bacteriophages e like me ka lōʻihi o kā lākou meaʻai - bacteria, a no laila, mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana mai ka hana ʻana o ka honua. No laila, ua loaʻa i kēia mau kāne - phages - bacteria - ka manawa e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai kekahi i kekahi a lawe i ke ʻano o ke ola antagonistic i ka hemolele. ʻano hana bacteriophage. Ke nānā nei i nā bacteriophages, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i ke kahaha a me ke ʻano o kēia pilina. ʻO ka bacteriophage wale nō ka maʻalahi i kāna huakini ponoʻī, ʻo ia ke ʻano like ʻole. ʻO kēia microorganism, e like me ka spider me ke poʻo nui, pae i ka bacteria, hou i kona mau paia, komo i loko a hoʻonui i laila a hiki i ka 1000 o nā bacteriophage like. Hoʻopau kino lākou i ka cell bacteria a pono e ʻimi i kahi hou. A hiki i nā minuke wale nō. I ka pau ʻana o ka "ʻai", haʻalele nā bacteriophages i ka nui mau (a me ka nui) i ke kino i pale i nā maʻi ʻino. ʻAʻohe hopena ʻaoʻao, ʻaʻohe hopena i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. Ua hana pololei a ma ke ʻano ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke kiko! ʻAe, inā mākou e noʻonoʻo pono i kēia manawa, ʻo ka bacteriophages ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻoi loa a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ʻano kūlohelohe i ka hana o nā antibiotic. I ka ʻike ʻana i kēia, ke hoʻonui nei ka poʻe ʻepekema i kā lākou noiʻi a me ke aʻo ʻana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā bacteriophages hou aʻe i kūpono no kekahi mau ʻano o nā maʻi bacterial. I kēia lā, ua mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā maʻi he nui e staphylococci, streptococci, dysentery a me Klebsiella bacilli me nā bacteriophages. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia kaʻina hana ma mua o kahi papa antibiotic like, a ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻo ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke ʻano. ʻAʻohe hana ʻino ma ke kino a me ka "chemistry". Hōʻike ʻia nā Bacteriophages i nā pēpē a me nā makuahine hāpai - a ʻo kēia anaina ka mea maʻalahi loa. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Phages me kekahi "hui" lāʻau lapaʻau, me nā lāʻau ʻokoʻa like ʻole a, ma ke ala, ʻokoʻa i nā haneli mau manawa lohi. ʻAe, a ma keʻano laulā, ua hana maikaʻi kēia mau "kānaka" i kā lākou hana no nā kaukani makahiki he nui, e pale ana i ka bacteria mai ka luku ʻana i ka ʻōpū a pau o ko mākou honua. A ʻaʻole hewa i ke kanaka ke nānā aku i kēia. Nīnau no ka noʻonoʻo. Akā, aia nā pitfalls i kēia kuhikuhi paipai. ʻO ka hoʻolaha maikaʻi ʻana o ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā bacteriophages ua hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā kauka "ma ke kula". ʻOiai e hana ana ka poʻe noho o ka Olympus ʻepekema no ka maikaʻi o ke olakino o ka lāhui, ʻo kā lākou mau hoa hana maʻamau no ka hapa nui ʻaʻole ʻike ka moemoeā a me ka ʻuhane i nā manawa hou. ʻAʻole makemake kekahi e komo i ka mea hou a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hahai ʻana i nā regimens lapaʻau "hackneyed", makemake kekahi i ke kūlana kūʻai aku o ka hoʻonui ʻana mai ka huli ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻO ka hoʻolaha nui ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau antibacterial e koi loa i ka wahine maʻamau e kūʻai i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ma kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke keʻena o ka pediatrician. A ʻo ka mea nui loa, pono anei ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā lāʻau antibiotic i ka mahiʻai holoholona ... Hoʻopiha ʻia nā huahana ʻiʻo me lākou, e like me ke kīʻaha kīʻaha me nā huawaina. No laila, ma ka ʻai ʻana i kēlā ʻiʻo, ʻai mākou i ka nui antibiotic e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ko mākou kino ponoʻī a hoʻopilikia i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi bacterial honua. No laila, ʻo nā bacteriophages - nā hoaaloha liʻiliʻi - wehe i nā manawa kūpono no ka poʻe ʻike mamao a heluhelu. Eia naʻe, i mea e lilo ai i panacea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono lākou e hana hou i ka hewa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau - hele i waho o ka mana i loko o kahi nui kūpono ʻole. Marina Kozhevnikova.
2022-11-11