Kūlana Areola. ʻO ka mammary gland he exocrine gland i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao mua a me luna o ka ʻoki. I loko o ke kanaka, hoʻokumu ia i kahi papapa keʻokeʻo i kūkulu ʻole ʻia. I nā wahine, ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia i ka wā hānau.

Aʻo umauma. Mai ka wā ʻōpio o ka wahine, hoʻomohala nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka mammary gland, e komo pū ana nā ʻauamo waiu, nā lobes a me nā ʻiʻo subcutaneous peripheral e hana i ka umauma1. Ua uhi ʻia ka ʻili o ka mammary gland me ka ʻiʻo a me ka ʻili subcutaneous. Ma ka ʻili a ma kona kikowaena, puka mai kahi ʻōhua cylindrical brownish a lilo i ka nipple. Hana ʻia kēia nipple i nā pores, ʻo ia nā ʻea waiu mai nā lobes like ʻole o ka mammary gland. Hoʻopuni pū ʻia kēia nipple e kahi disc ʻili ʻulaʻula brownish, me ke anawaena e ʻokoʻa ana mai ka 1,5 a 4 knm a ʻo ia ka areola (1) (2).

ʻO ka hale Areola. Hōʻike ka areola ma kahi o ʻumi liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo tubercles o Morgagni. ʻO kēia mau ʻuala he mau kelepa sebaceous. I ka wā hāpai a me ka lactation, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka nui o kēia mau ʻōpū. Kapa ʻia lākou ʻo Montgoméry tubers (2).

AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN. ʻO ka areola a me ka nipple, ʻo ia ka papa areola-nipple, pili i ka mammary gland. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou i ka gland e nā ligaments o Cooper (1) (2). Hoʻonoho ʻia kahi ʻiʻo maʻemaʻe pōʻai ma waena o ka ʻili o ka pā areolo-nipple a me ka gland, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻiʻo areolo-nipple. (1) (2)

ʻO ka Thelotism e pili ana i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana a me ke kuhi mua ʻana o ka nipple ma muli o ka ʻoki ʻana o ka ʻiʻo areolo-nipple. Ma muli paha o ka hauʻoli, ka pane ʻana i ke anu, a i ʻole i kekahi manawa no ka hoʻopili maʻalahi o ka pā areola-nipple.

ʻO nā maʻi umauma maikaʻi. Loaʻa paha i ka umauma nā maʻi maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi maʻi maʻi. ʻO nā cysts ka maʻi maʻamau maʻamau. Kūlike lākou me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi ʻeke piha i ka wai i loko o ka umauma.

ʻO ka maʻi kanulau. Hiki ke ulu a'e ka ma'i ma'i ma'i ma ka umauma, a ma ka 'āpana areolo-nipple. Aia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka maʻi kanesa o ka umauma i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma muli o ko lākou kumu cellular. E pili ana i ka ʻāina areolo-nipple, ʻo ka maʻi ʻo Paget o ka nipple he ʻano kakaikahi o ka maʻi maʻi umauma. Hoʻoulu ia i loko o nā ʻauamo waiu a palahalaha aʻe i ka ʻili, e hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi pehu ma ka areola a me ka nipple.

Laau lapaau. Ma muli o ka pathology i ʻike ʻia a me ke ʻano o ka maʻi, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia lākou me kahi ʻano o ka lāʻau.

Kemoterapi, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy. Ma muli o ke kahua a me ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi, hiki ke hana ʻia nā kau o ka chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy a i ʻole ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi i ʻike ʻia a me ka holomua o ka pathology, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kahi hana ʻoki. Ma ke kaʻina hana conservative, hiki ke hana ʻia kahi lumpectomy no ka wehe ʻana i ke koko a me kekahi ʻiʻo peripheral. I nā maʻi maʻi ʻoi aʻe, hiki ke hana ʻia kahi mastectomy e wehe i ka umauma holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO ka pale umauma. Ma hope o ka deformation a i ʻole ka nalowale ʻana o hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​umauma ʻelua, hiki ke kau ʻia kahi prosthesis o loko a i waho paha.

• ʻO ka pale umauma o loko. Pili kēia prosthesis i ka hana hou ʻana o ka umauma. Hana ʻia ia ma ke ʻoki ʻana i ka wā lumpectomy a i ʻole mastectomy, a i ʻole i ka wā o ka hana ʻelua.
• ʻO ka pale umauma waho. Loaʻa nā prostheses umauma waho a ʻaʻole koi i ka hana ʻoki. Hiki iā lākou ke manawa pōkole, hapa a mau paha.

Ninaninau kino. ʻO ka mea mua, hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua i mea e nānā a loiloi ai i nā ʻōuli i ʻike ʻia e ka mea maʻi.

Nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi lāʻau ʻAʻole hiki ke hana ʻia ʻo Unemammography, ultrasound breast, MRI, scintimammography, a i ʻole galactography no ka hōʻoia a hōʻoia ʻana i kahi maʻi maʻi.

Biopsy. Hiki ke hana i kahi biopsy o ka umauma.

ʻO Arturo Marcacci he physiologist Italia i ka makahiki 19 a me ka 20th i hāʻawi i kona inoa i ka ʻiʻo areolo-nipple, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo Marcacci muscle (4).