Manaʻo wau, ʻaʻole ia he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka nui o nā mea i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa e pili ana i nā pūhui kemika palena ʻole e alakaʻi iaʻu i ka manaʻo paʻa he mau hui kemika wale nō kekahi hihia o nā pūhui kemika palena ʻole, kahi aʻo piha loa o e hōʻike ʻia ka hope i nā manaʻo noʻonoʻo i ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻike kemika.
KULA. Mendeleev, Hoʻolauna i kāna pepa kauka.
Hana ʻia ka hanana i kahi hoʻokumu ʻole vodka lā hānau, ua hana ʻia ma 1865. Ma kēia lā ma St. Petersburg i pale aku ai ʻo ia i kāna pepa kauka kaulana "Ma ka hui pū ʻana o ka wai ʻona me ka wai", kahi āna i hana ai i 1863-1864. Mālama ʻia ka pepa kākau i ka hale hōʻikeʻike o ka ʻepekema nui - ma ke Kulanui ʻo St. Petersburg State.
ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka hana e hoʻopaʻa i ka umekaumaha kikoʻī o ka wai ʻona + wai, ke kaukaʻi ʻia nei i kēia mau hopena a me ka mahana. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ua mālama ʻia nā noiʻi ʻana i ka umekaumaha kikoʻī o nā hoʻohuihui ma nā mahana a me nā ʻano like ʻole, mai ka waiʻona anhydrous i kahi hopena o 50 wt% a laila i 0%.
I nā mokuna 4 a me 5 o ka pepa kākau inoa, i kapa ʻia kēlā me kēia, "Ma ke kaomi nui loa i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka wai ʻona anhydrous a me ka wai" a me "Ma ka loli i ka umekaumaha kikoʻī ke hui ʻia ka wai ʻona me ka wai", ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ka nā hualoaʻa o ke aʻo ʻana i nā wai ʻona me ka waiʻona, me ke kau ʻana o 33,4% ma ke kaupaona a 40% paha ma ka leo. ʻIke loa ia ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia kahi huaʻōlelo e pili ana i nā hopena physiological a i ʻole biochemical o nā ʻōnaehana e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ana i kahi meaola ola.
Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo Ianuali 31 i ka lā o kahi kōkua ʻē aʻe i ka ʻepekema honua i hana ʻia e ka ʻepekema nui Rūkia DI Mendeleev. Ma ke ala, ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole kau palena ʻia lākou i ka noiʻi ʻepekema.
Akā, pehea e pili ana i ka vodka? Ua hōʻike kekahi o nā kumuwaiwai ua lawe ʻia mai ka waina berena keʻokeʻo i Rukia mai Scandinavia i ka makahiki 16; kekahi - ʻo ia ka 100 mau makahiki ma mua, mai. Aia kekahi ʻike e pili ana ma Rūsia ua inu ʻia nā mea inu ikaika i nā kenekulia 11-12. Ma ke ala, ʻo ka ikaika o vodka i Lūkia ʻaʻole loa ia he dogma. ʻO ka maʻamau, hana lākou i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa - 38, 45 a hiki i 56 kekelē. I kēia manawa, e like me kou ʻike, aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻoi aku ka ikaika.
Akā nō naʻe, i ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana i ka lā hānau o kēia mea inu kaulana, pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo he pōʻino ka waiʻona i ke olakino. Hōʻoia kēia e nā noiʻi ʻepekema he nui, a me ka hopena i kuhi ʻia ʻaʻole wale o ka poʻe inu ʻona, akā ʻo kā lākou poʻe aloha pū kekahi.
ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono ʻole i ka makahiki 1985 ua ʻike ka World Health Organization (WHO) i ka wai ʻona a me ka paka ma ke ʻano he lāʻau narcotic, a ʻo ka puke ʻo "The Truth About Legal Drugs" e hoʻomaopopo he 45 gram o ka wai ʻona, me ka nānā ʻole i ka moʻomeheu o ka ʻai ʻana, e make nō ia he 1000. nā neurons i ka lolo. ʻO wai ka mea nui loa iā lākou?
E hoʻomanaʻo mākou e hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ʻo Sepatemaba 11, a ʻOkakopa 3 ma nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua -.