ʻO ka ionogram koko kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua i noi pinepine ʻia e nā kauka e nānā i ka wai o ke kino a me ke koena electolytic.

He ho'āʻo maʻamau ka ionogram koko - a ʻo kekahi o nā mea i noi nui ʻia - ʻo ia ke ana o nā mea nui ionic o ke koko (a i ʻole electrolytes). ʻO ia ka sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), magnesium (Mg), bicarbonates (CO3).

Kuhi ʻia ka ionogram koko ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka nānā ʻana. Noi ʻia nō hoʻi e kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i ka wā e loaʻa ai i ka mea maʻi nā hōʻailona e like me ka edema (ʻo ia hoʻi ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka wai), nāwaliwali, nausea a me ka luaʻi, huikau a i ʻole ka puʻuwai maʻamau.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻokolokolo e nānā i ke koena hydro-electolytic o ke kino, ʻo ia hoʻi ke koena i waena o ka wai a me nā ion. ʻO ka nui o nā puʻupaʻa e hōʻoia i kēia kaulike, ma ke kānana ʻana i ka mimi, akā mālama pū ka ʻili, ka hanu a me ka ʻōnaehana digestive.

I ka manawa pinepine, noi ke kauka i ka ionogram urinary i ka manawa like, i hiki ke kaʻana like i nā puʻupaʻa i nā maʻi metabolic i hōʻike ʻia ma ke koko ionogram.

E hoʻomaopopo i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka phosphorus, ammonium a me ka hao hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia i ka wā o kahi ionogram koko.

Eia nā mea i kapa ʻia nā waiwai maʻamau o nā mea nui ionic o ke koko:

• ʻO ka sodium (natremia): 135 – 145 mmol / l (milimolole no ka lita)
• Potassium (kaliémie): 3,5 - 4,5 mmol/l
• Kāleka (kāleka): 2,2 - 2,6 mmol / l
• Klorine (chloremia): 95 – 105 mmol / l
• Magnesium: 0,7 – 1 mmol / l
• Bicarbonates: 23 - 27 mmol / l

E hoʻomaopopo he ʻokoʻa paha kēia mau waiwai ma muli o nā laboratories e hana ana i nā loiloi. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa iki lākou ma muli o ka makahiki.

Ma mua o ka hele ʻana i ka hoʻokolokolo, ʻaʻohe kūlana kūikawā e nānā ʻia. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole pono e noho ma ka ʻōpū ʻole.

Aia ka ho'āʻo ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko venous, maʻamau ma ka ʻili o ka kuʻekuʻe. Hoʻopili ʻia ke koko i ʻohi ʻia.

Sodium

ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka sodium i loko o ke koko - kapa ʻia kēia hypernatremia - hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me:

• dehydration ma muli o ka pau ʻana o ka digestive;
• hoemi i ka inu wai;
• ka wela nui;
• ka nui o ka sodium.

ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, pili ka hāʻule o ka pae o ka sodium koko - ke ʻōlelo nei mākou no ka hyponatremia - pili me:

• i ka hemahema o ka lawe ʻana i ka sodium me ka pau ʻana o ka digestive a i ʻole ka renal;
• a i ʻole ka piʻi ʻana o ka wai.

He hōʻailona paha ka hyponatremia o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka naʻau, ke kīkī a i ʻole ka ate, a i ʻole ka edema.

Paila pāʻiko

ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka potassium a i ʻole hypokalaemia i loaʻa i ka wā o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pālolo a i ʻole ma muli o ka lawe ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau (nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory, antihypertensives, etc.).

ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hāʻule i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pāhare koko a i ʻole hypokalemia i ka luaʻi ʻana, ka maʻi maʻi, a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i nā diuretics.

ʻO Chlorine

ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka pae koko chlorine a i ʻole hyperchloremia ma muli o:

• dehydration nui ma o ka hou ʻana;
• nā poho digestive;
• ka nui o ka sodium.

ʻO ka hāʻule ʻana o ka pae chlorine koko a i ʻole hypochloremia ma muli paha o:

• luaʻi nui a mau;
• pilikia hanu;
• ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka wai (naʻau, puʻupaʻa a i ʻole ka ate);
• hoʻemi i ka lawe ʻana i ka sodium.

ka pōhaku

ʻO ka Hypercalcemia (ke kiʻekiʻe o ka calcium i loko o ke koko) he hōʻailona paha ia o:

• osteoporosis;
• hyperparathyroidism;
• ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa D;
• ka lōʻihi o ka immobilization (e moe ana i lalo);
• a i ʻole ka maʻi o Paget, kahi e ulu wikiwiki ai nā iwi.

ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka hypocalcemia (ka haʻahaʻa o ka calcium koko) e:

• hana maikaʻi ʻole;
• ʻalekohola;
• iwi decalcification;
• holo pono kīnā ʻole;
• a i ʻole kahi hemahema o ka ʻai ʻana o ka ʻōpū.

makanekiuma

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka pae o ka magnesium:

• i ka hana ʻole o ka renal;
• aiʻole ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui magnesium.

ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka pae koko o ka magnesium hiki ke hōʻailona o:

• ʻai maikaʻi ʻole (ma waena o nā mea pāʻani);
• inu lama loa;
• pilikia digestive, etc.

Bicarbonates

ʻO kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka bicarbonate i loko o ke koko he hōʻailona o:

• hanu ʻole;
• luaʻi hou ʻana a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻeha.

ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka bicarbonate i loko o ke koko ke ʻano:

• metabolic acidosis;
• hakuʻala ʻole;
• a i ʻole ka hāʻule ʻole o ke ake.