He nui nā wāhine i makemake e loaʻa i nā ū nui, me ka manaʻo ua liʻiliʻi loa ko lākou mau umauma a i ʻole ua liʻiliʻi paha ma muli o ka hāpai ʻana a i ʻole ka poho kaumaha. ʻO kēlā me kēia hihia, ʻo ke ala maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ka prosthesis a i ʻole ka umauma implant. Wahi a nā palapala ʻepekema, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka 1% o nā wahine makemake e loaʻa nā umauma nui aʻe e mākaukau e hana i ka ʻoki¹. ʻO kēlā ʻōlelo, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine a me nā kaikamahine e koho i nā implants no nā kumu hoʻonaninani ma mua o ka pālua ma waena o 1997 a me 2000.².

ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka umauma

ʻO ia ka hana maʻamau a hilinaʻi e hāʻawi i ka ʻoluʻolu i ka wahine i manaʻo ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o kona mau umauma. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻoki ʻana i kahi prosthesis, ma ke ʻano maʻamau ma o ka ʻoki ʻana a puni ka areola o ka umauma.

Mai ka makahiki 2001, ua hoʻohana nā kauka lapaʻau i kahi gel silicone cohesive, a ua loaʻa hou ka makemake nui o nā prostheses o ka umauma silicone. ʻO nā prostheses ʻē aʻe, i loaʻa i ka physiological serum, ʻo ia hoʻi he saline solution, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pā ʻana o ka umauma i kekahi manawa a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka deflation o kēia ʻano prosthesis.

Lipofilling a i ʻole ka momona autografting ala

ʻO kēia ʻenehana ʻokiʻoki³ Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hana hou ʻana o ka umauma ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana i ka umauma, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka umauma. ʻO ia ka lawe ʻana i ka momona mai ke kino o ka wahine (opu, ʻūhā, ʻeke noho), i mea e hoʻihoʻi hou ai i loko o ka umauma. ʻO ke ʻano he mea kūpono, akā he mau pilikia: ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka momona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a laila hoʻopili ʻia e ke kino. A he paʻakikī ke wānana ka helu o ka ʻai ʻana o ka momona, e alakaʻi ana i ka asymmetries o ka umauma a i ʻole ka nui o ka umauma. Pono pinepine kēia i ka retouching. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka momona i hoʻohana ʻia i kona absorption hiki i kekahi manawa ke alakaʻi i nā cysts i loko o ka umauma. A laila, ʻaʻole kūpono a lawa ʻole kēia ʻano no nā wahine ʻaʻole lawa ka momona kūlohelohe. No laila ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā implants silicone hou.

He moʻolelo pōkole o nā implants

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā implants umauma silicone gel piha loa i ka makahiki 60 i ka wā ʻaʻohe kānāwai e kāohi ana i ka mākeke lāʻau lapaʻau. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua loaʻa i ka ʻoihana aupuni ʻo Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ka mana mai ka makahiki 1976, akā ua mālama ʻia nā mea hana ʻē aʻe (nā puʻuwai puʻuwai, cochlear implants, prostheses, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ma ke ʻano he mea nui. i ka manawa, he mea maʻamau.

I ka makahiki 1990, aneane miliona wahine ʻAmelika i loaʻa i nā implants, a ʻaʻole i koi ʻia e ka FDA, e like me ke koi ʻana o ke kānāwai, i nā mea hana e hōʻoia i ko lākou pono a me ka palekana. Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia ka nui o nā anecdotes a me nā manaʻo e pili ana i nā pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi e pili ana i kēia mau mea. ʻOiaʻiʻo, e like me ka silicone gel i hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā manawa, neʻe mau i kahi liʻiliʻi ma o ka paia o ka implant, hiki ke hana i ka hana o nā antibodies i makaʻu ʻia, hiki i ke kumu o nā maʻi "auto-. immune ”(polyarthritis, scleroderma, fibromyalgia, etc.).

Ma 1991, ua hoʻokō ka FDA i ke kānāwai a noi i nā mea hana e hāʻawi i nā haʻawina kūpono. ʻO kēia mau mea, e pili ana i nā heluna nui a me nā mea like, a e hoʻolaha ʻia i nā manawa lōʻihi; no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kekahi o kēia mau kūlana i kēlā manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻihoʻi i nā implants mai ka mākeke aku, ʻo ka manawa e hoʻokō ai i ka noiʻi kūpono. Akā ua kūʻē ka lobby ikaika, kākoʻo nui ʻia e nā wahine me ka maʻi maʻi umauma. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i kūleʻa kā lākou mea hana i ka hōʻike ʻana i ko lākou palekana, ua hoʻomau ʻia nā implants umauma silicone ma ka mākeke ma ke ʻano he "pono ​​​​ola olakino", hiki ke loaʻa i kekahi mau mea kūʻai aku ma ke ʻano o ka noiʻi lapaʻau. .

Ma waena o 1995 a me 2001, ua pāpā ʻia kahi moratorium, silicone gel i ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina o ka honua e aʻo pono i nā hopena o nā implants i loaʻa kēia ʻano gel. I loko o ka manawa holoʻokoʻa o kēia moratorium, ua kau ʻia nā prostheses me ka serum physiological a i ʻole ka wai paʻakai.

I ka makahiki 2001, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana o nā gel silikoni paʻa paʻa i hiki ke hoʻoponopono hou i nā implants umauma silicone. Loaʻa i kēia mau gels ka maikaʻi o ka liʻiliʻi o ka pilikia i ka wā o ka haki.

Ka papa o ka hana oki

Ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana, he kūkākūkā me ke kauka lapaʻau e hiki ai ke hōʻike i ka pilikia a me ka wehewehe i ka nui o ka implant. Ua koho ʻia e like me ka makemake o ka wahine, i kāna mea e makemake ai, a hāʻule i loko o kahi ākea: pono e ʻike ʻia ka loli (he mea hilahila ke loaʻa kahi hana no kahi hopena i ʻike ʻole ʻia), akā ʻaʻole ia e lilo. hemahema me ka nui loa o ka u. Pono nō hoʻi e hiki i ke anatomy o kēia wahine ke kākoʻo i kēia prosthesis a hiki i ke ʻano i koho ʻia ke hāʻawi i kahi hopena kūlohelohe. No laila he mea nui ka ʻōlelo aʻo a ke kauka lapaʻau no ka mea wehewehe ʻo ia i ka mea hiki e like me ke anatomy o kēlā me kēia wahine. A laila, hōʻike ʻo ia i nā kiʻi o nā umauma e hoʻoholo ai i kāna makemake.

ʻOiai ke kau ʻia ʻana o ka umauma implant ma lalo o ka maʻi maʻi maʻamau, pono ia e kipa mua i kahi mea maʻi maʻi.

Ma ke ʻoki kino, e lōʻihi ana ma kahi o hoʻokahi hola, hāʻawi ʻia ka wahine i hana ʻia i nā lāʻau antibiotic ma ke ʻano he infusion e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka maʻi.⁴. ʻO ka ʻoki maʻamau e kau i ka implant i hana ʻia a puni ka areola, ma kona ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa a pili i ka hapakolu a i ka hapalua o kēia areola. Hāʻawi ke kauka lapaʻau i kahi ʻāpana ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka implant e hoʻokomo ai i kahi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻae kēia i ka neʻe liʻiliʻi o ka prosthesis i loko o kēia keʻena, a loaʻa kahi ʻano kūlohelohe i ka wā e loli ai ke kūlana (e moe ana ma ke kua no ka laʻana). Hoʻonoho ke kauka lapaʻau i ka prosthesis ma mua a ma hope paha o ka ʻiʻo pectoral: i mua pinepine, a ma hope o kēia ʻiʻo pectoral inā he liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe umauma o ka wahine.

A ma hope o ka hana no ka umauma implant?

ʻO ka wahine i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka umauma e mālama mau ʻia i ka hale maʻi i ka pō ma hope o ka hana. ʻOoleʻa kona manaʻo ke ala ʻo ia i loko o kona umauma, me he mea lā ma hope o ke kau haʻuki maikaʻi. I ka wā mua, i ka neʻe ʻana, ʻeha paha ʻo ia. A laila pono ʻo ia e ʻae iā ia iho i 4 a i ʻole 5 mau lā o ka hoʻomaha loa a me 7 a 10 mau lā o ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā mea āpau. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia kahi bra e ke kauka.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻulaʻula maʻamau he ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi no hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa a i ʻelua mahina, a laila lilo ia i liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, aneane ʻike ʻole ʻia. Loaʻa ka hopena hope loa i loko o 3 a 6 mau mahina, ʻo ka manawa e hoʻōla ai a no nā ʻiʻo a me ka implant e lawe i ko lākou wahi. Ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana, hoʻopili ʻia ka naʻau o nā nipples ma kahi ʻano ʻano like ʻole: hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia ma hope o ka hana ʻana, a i ʻole hiki ke loaʻa a hoʻi maʻamau i loko o kekahi mau pule a i kekahi mau mahina, ʻoiai inā i nā hihia liʻiliʻi, hiki ke lōʻihi.

Hiki ke hana i ka u, ʻaʻole pili ka hana i ka mammary glands. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa o ka umauma me nā implants no ka mea ua maʻalahi lākou i ke kiʻi radiological i ka heluhelu ʻana, no laila i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi kanesa a aia nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka lohi diagnostic. I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka holomua o ka radiology ma mua o ka heluhelu ʻana i nā mammograms ma hope o kahi implant. I ka hoʻopā ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo aia he prosthesis, akā mau ka paʻi maoli me nā gel cohesive i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa.

E noiʻi e pili ana i ka palekana o nā implants

ʻAʻohe pilina ma waena o ke kau ʻana o ka prosthesis a me ka maʻi maʻi umauma. ʻO ia ke kumu e kau ai ke kauka lapaʻau i ke ʻano o ka prosthesis i ka wā e hana hou ai i ka umauma i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi kanesa. ʻAʻole hoʻonui ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka umauma ma kekahi ʻaoʻao i ka nui o ka maʻi kanesa ma ka umauma ʻē aʻe.

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao o nā implants umauma⁶

• ʻUpala hiki ke hana: ma hope o ke kaʻina hana, pono paha e hana hou. Akā ʻaʻole pili kēia i ka hopena hope.
• ʻO ke ʻano o nā moa ua lilo i kūlana kūikawā. ʻO kēia ka hopena o ke kino i ka implant e hana i kahi ʻāpana paʻa, e like me ka pūpū a puni ka prosthesis. He mea kakaʻikahi, mahalo i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā prostheses hou a me nā ʻano hana ʻoki. I kēia manawa, makaʻala nā kauka lapaʻau e hana i ka hemostasis (pale i ke koko i ka wā o ka hana) a waiho i ke koko liʻiliʻi e like me ka hiki a puni nā prostheses, a me ke ʻano o ka envelopp, e hōʻemi nui i kēia pilikia o ka hull. .
• Hoʻemi ʻia ka naʻau. Ma waena o 3 a me 15% o nā wahine e ʻike i ka hoʻemi mau ʻana o ka manaʻo i loko o ka nipple a me ka umauma ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi implant.

  He mea maʻamau ia ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana, a ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mea e hoʻihoʻi mai i nā pule mua a i ʻole mau mahina. Eia naʻe, mālama kekahi mau wahine i ka loli o ka naʻau a i ʻole ka ʻeha.⁷.

• Hoʻololi : Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kanu ma mua a ma hope paha o ka ʻiʻo pectoralis major. Hiki i ke kūlana retro-pectoral i kekahi manawa ke ho'āla i ka neʻe ʻana o ka prosthesis i ka wā o ka ʻoki ʻana o kēia ʻiʻo. He mea hilahila kēia a i kekahi manawa pono ʻoe e komo inā he mea hilahila.
• ʻO ka ʻelemakule o ka prosthesis. Hiki i kēia ʻelemakule ke hoʻoulu i ka deflation no kahi prosthesis serum a i ʻole rupture no nā prostheses silicone. No laila, pono e mālama ʻia, ʻoi aku ma kahi o ka papa ʻewalu a i ka papa ʻumi. Hiki i ke kauka lapaʻau ke hoʻoholo e hoʻololi i ka prosthesis a i ʻole e nānā mau iā ia no nā hōʻailona o ka pōʻino. ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka prosthesis me ka physiological serum (wai paʻakai ʻeleʻele) ʻaʻohe mea ʻino mai ke ʻano olakino, ʻoiai inā e hōʻeha ʻia ka maikaʻi. ʻO ka haki ʻana o kahi prosthesis silicone pono e hoʻololi i ka prosthesis. No ka mea, paʻa loa nā gels o kēia manawa (ua paʻa maikaʻi ka silicone a ʻaʻole paha e laha i loko o ka ʻiʻo), maʻalahi lākou e wehe a palekana no nā wahine.
• Pākuʻi: Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi prosthesis a ʻike ʻoe i kahi mea ʻē (ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana, deflation, abnormality, hoʻololi i ka hoʻopā ʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), pono ʻoe e kelepona i kāu kauā no ka hoʻokolokolo.